acute-财产权
一.
经
不
起
推
敲
的
类
推
(
f
a
l
s
e
a
n
a
l
o<
/p>
g
y
)
Thisargument
relieson
whatmightbea
falseanalogy
betw
eenAandBC.
(开头)
In
orderforBCto
serveasmodels
tha
tAshould
emulate
,thearguermus
tassumethatall
relevantcircumstances
invol
vedare
essentiall
ythesame
.(
环境、背景不同
)
However,thisassumptionis
un
warranted
.
(过渡)
p>
Forexample,theargument
overlook
s
thepossibilitythat
…
< br>..
Perhaps
…
..<
/p>
(列举各种可能性)
Theargue
rsimplyassumesthat
…
..buthedo
es
notprovideanyevidence
that<
/p>
……
areindeedcomparable
< br>.
Asweknow,the
…
and
…
differconspicuously
.
Itistruethat
both
…...
butevenhereexist
fundamentaldifferences
:
…
.
(两种东西本身不同)
Therefore,eventhoughthe
…
.p
rovedeffectivein
…
..,thereisn
o
guarantee
thatitwill
< br>workjustaswellfor
…
..
(结尾)
二将因果关系与单纯的关联关系或时间
关系混淆起来(
confusecausalrelationshipwithcor
relation
)
Theargu
mentconcludedbasedona
knowncorrelation
p>
betweenAandB.
Yetthe
correlationalone
isonlya
scan
tevidence
oftheclaimed
“
cause-and
–
effect
”
relationship.
Perhaps
…
..
Moreover,theargument
overlooks
thefactthat
…
.
< br>Thearguer
hasnotaccountedfor
thepossibilitythat
…
.
Ifthisisthecase
,thantheconclusionw
ould
lackanymeritwh
atsoever
p>
.
三.
认为一个群体的特征适用于该群体的所有成员
四.认为某条件是某结果的必要和
/
或充足条件
1.
要想取得理想的结果就必须按照这种(推荐的)行为去做
2.
按照这种(推荐的)行为去捉就足以去的理想的结果
a)
Therecommendationd
ependsontheassumption
thatno
< br>alternative
meansof
…
videnceisoffe
ttedly,
…
p>
..
However,itis
enti
relypossible
thatmeansotherthanthiswould
also
achievethedesiredresult
.
(指出替代选项的
存在)
Perhapsthedesiredimprovementcouldbe
achieved
if
…
..
p>
(列举替代选项)
Without
consideringandrulingout
theseand
otheralternativemeansof
…
.,th
earguer
cannotconfidently
conc
ludet
hat
…
..mustdo
…
inordertoachievethegoal.
(收尾)
b)
T
herecommendationdependsontheadditional
u
nsubstantiated
assumptionthat
…
..would
byitself
i
mprove
……
(
指出不一定能达到
目标
)
Absentevidencethatthisis
thecase
,itis
equallypossible<
/p>
that
…
..
Thus,withoutbetterevidencethat
……
,theargumentremainsunconvincing.
(列
举可能性一)
Evenassumingthat
…
.,thearguerprovides
no
clearevidence
that
…
..The
merefact
that
…
.hardlysufficestoprove
……
p>
.,
atleastnotwithoutmoreinforma
tionabout
…
.
(让步,列举
可能性二)
Evenif
…
..,perhaps
additionalmeasures
—
suchas
…
..
—
wouldalsoberequiredinordert
oachieve
…
.objectives.(
列举可能附加的条件
)
五.基于可能不具代表性的统计数据
Oneproblemwiththeargumentinvolvesthesited
statistics
about
…
.
acute-财产权
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