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力学专业英语考试重点整理
一、单词:英译汉、汉译英
Centroid
质心,形心
Elasticity
弹力,弹性
Linear
线性的,直线的
Prismatic
棱镜的,棱柱形的
Strain
应变
Stress
应力
Tension
张力,拉力,拉紧
Alloy
合金
Aluminium
铝
Ductile
易延展的,韧性的
Failure
失败,破坏,失效
Lateral
侧面的,横向的
Necking
颈缩
Couple
力偶
Cylinder
圆筒,圆筒状物
Inertia
惯性,惯量,惰性
Shaft
轴,杆状物
Torsion
扭矩
Cantilever
悬臂梁,伸臂
Neutral
中性的
Statics
静力学,静止状态,静态
Symmetry
对称
Transverse
横向的,横断的
Astronomer
天文学家
Galaxy
天河,银河,星系
Planet
行星
Collinear
共线的,在同一直线上的
Dimension
尺寸,大小,维数
Equate
使相等,等同
Parameter
参量,参数
Visualize
想象,形象化,使看得见
Acceleration
加速度
Dynamics
动力学
Stationary
不动的,稳定的,定常的
Vector
矢量
Velocity
速度
Angular
角的,角度的
Coordinate
坐标
Radian
弧度
Shaft
轴
Symbol
符号
Conservation
守恒,保存
1
Differentiation
微分
Integration
积分,集成,一体化
Interval
间隔,间隙,空隙
Linear
直线的,线性的,一次的
Moment
力矩,瞬间,片刻
Vector
矢量
Velocity
速度
Derivative
导数,派生的
Frequency
频率
Friction
摩擦
Magnitude
大小,量级
Power
力量,乘方,幂
Viscous
黏性的
Continuum
连续体,连续统
Rectangular
矩形的,成直角的
Resultant
合成的,合力,合量
Torque
扭转力,扭矩
Dilatation
膨胀,扩张
Distortion
扭曲,变形
Isotropic
各向同性的
Tensor
张量
Coordinate
坐标
Crack
裂缝
Curvature
曲率
Ellipse
椭圆
Formula
公式
Function
函数,功能
Buckle
屈曲,皱曲,弄弯,翘曲
Deflection
挠曲,偏向
Wrinkle
皱纹,皱褶,起皱
Factor
因数,系数
Flexural
弯曲的,挠曲的
Notch
缺口,凹槽,刻痕
Vibrate
振动(
v
)
Vibration
振动(
n
)
Detector
发现者,侦察器,探测器,
检波器
Vacuum
真空,空间,真空的,产生真
空的
Other than
除了
2
二、句子:英译汉
1
、
The
concepts
of
stress
and
strain
can
be
illustrated
in
an
elementary
way
by
considering the extension of a
prismatic bar. As shown in Fig. 1, a prismatic bar
is one
that
has
constant
cross
section
throughout
its
length
and
a
straight
axis.
In
this
illustration the bar is assumed to be
loaded at its ends by axial forces P that produce
a
uniform stretching, or tension, of
the bar.
翻译:应力和应变的概念可以通过考虑一个棱柱形杆的拉伸这样一个
简单的方式
来说明。一个棱柱形的杆是一个遍及它的长度方向和直轴都是恒定的横截面。
在
这个实例中,
假设在杆的两端施加有轴向力
< br>F
,
并且在杆上产生了均匀的伸长或者
< br>拉紧。
2
、
By making an
artificial cut (section mm) through the bar at
right angles to its axis,
we can
isolate part of the bar as a free body [see Fig.
1(b)]. At the left-hand end the
tensile
force P is applied, and at the other end there are
forces representing the action
of
the
removed
portion
of
the
bar
upon
the
part
that
remains.
These
forces
will
be
continuously
distributed
over
the
cross
section,
analogous
to
the
continuous
distribution of hydrostatic pressure
over a submerged surface.
翻译:
通过在杆上人工分割出一个垂直于其轴的截面
mm
,
我们可以分离出杆的部
分作为自由体【如图
1(
b)
】。在左端施加有拉力
P
,在另一
个端有一个代表杆上被
移除部分作用在仍然保存的那部分的力。这些力是连续分布在横截
面的,类似于
静水压力在被淹没表面的连续分布。
3
、
We are so used
to our life on the surface of the earth that it
can be quite an effort
for our minds to
break free of all the ideas that we take for
granted. We talk about
‘
up
’
and
‘
down
’
, but we know that what is
‘
down
’
for us is
‘
up
’
for someone else on the
3
other
side
of
the
world.
We
can
feel
that
things
are
heavy,
and
we
often
think
of
‘
weight
’
as being a fixed
quality in an object, but it is not really fixed
at all. If you could
take a one-pound
packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth,
it would weigh only
a quarter of a
pound.
翻译:我们是如此熟悉在地球表面上的生活,以至于需要很努力才能从心
理打破
我们认为理所当然的观点。我们谈论“上”和“下”,但是我们知道对于我们来<
/p>
说是“上”,对于世界另一边的人来说就是“下”。我们可以感受到物体很重,
并且我们经常认为“重量”是物体固定的量,但是它不总是固定的。如果你把一
包一磅重的黄油带到离地球
4000
英里的地方,它将只有
磅。
4
、
Why would
things weigh only a quarter as much as they do at
the surface of the
earth if we took
them 4,000 miles out into space? The reason is
this : all objects have a
natural
attraction
for
all
other
objects,
this
is
called
gravitational
attraction.
But
the
power of attraction
between tow objects gets weaker as they get
farther apart.
翻译:为什么我们把物体带到空中
4000
英里处,它的重量只有地表时的
?理由
是:所有的物体对于其他的物体都有自然的吸引力,这叫做万有引力。但是两个
物理间吸引的程度会随着他们愈来愈远,变的愈来愈弱。
5
、
What
about
the
weight
of
our one-pound
packet
of
butter
on
the
surface
of
the
moon? On
the moon there will be an attraction between the
butter and the moon, but
the
butter
will
weigh
only
about
one
sixth
as
much
as
it
does
on
the
earth.
This
is
because
the moon is so much smaller than the earth. The
amount of gravitational pull
that a
body produces depends on the amount of material in
it. So this is one of the first
things
we need to remember: that the weight of an object
in space is not the same as
its weight
on the surface of the earth.
4
1
4
1<
/p>
4
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