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考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析
--2006
年
Part
One
In spite of “endless talk of
difference,” American society is an
amazing machine for homogenizing
people. This is “the democratizing
uniformity of dress and discourse, and
the casualness and absence of
consumption “launched
by the
19th
–
century department
stores that
offered ‘vast arrays of
goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of
intimate shops catering to a
knowledgeable elite.” these were stores
“anyone could enter, regardless of
class or background. This turned
shoppin
g
into
a
public
and
democratic
act.”
The
mass
media,
advertising
and sports are
other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly
fitting into this common culture, which may
not be altogether elevating but is
hardly poisonous. Writing for the
National Immigration Forum, Gregory
Rodriguez reports that today’s
immigration is neither at unprecedented
level nor resistant to
assimilation.
In
1998
immigrants
were
9.8
percent
of
population;
in
1900,
13.6 percent. In the
10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for
every
1,000
residents;
in
the
10
years
prior
to
1890,
9.2
for
every
1,000.
Now, consider three indices of
assimilation------language, home
ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census
revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each
of
the
fifteen
most
common
countries
of
origin
spoke
English
“well”
or
“very
well”
after
ten
years
of
residence.”
The
children
of
immigrants
tend
to
be
bilingual
and
proficient
in
English.
“By
the
third
generation,
the original language is lost in the
majority of immigrant families.”
Hence
the description of America as a graveyard” for
language. By 1996
foreign-born
immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home
ownership
rate
of
75.6
percent,
higher
than
the
69.8
percent
rate
among
native-born
Americans.
Foreign-
born Asians and
Hispanics “have higher rates of
intermarriage than do
U.S-
born whites and blacks.” By the
third
generation,
one
third
of
Hispanic
women
are
married
to
non-Hispanics,
and
41 percent of Asian-
American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez
not
that
children
in
remote
villages
around
world
are
fans
of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger
and Garth Brooks, yet “some
Americans
fear that immigrant living within the United
States remain
somehow immune to the
nation’s assimilative power.”
Are
there
divisive
issues
and
pockets
of
seething
in
America?
Indeed.
It
is
big
enough
to
have
a
bit
of
everything.
But
particularly
when
viewed
against
America’s
turbulent
past,
today’s
social
induces
suggest
a
dark
and deteriorating social environment.
1.
The
word
“homogenizing”
(
Line
2,
Paragraph
1
)
most
probably
means___
A. identifying
B. associating
C. assimilating
D.
monopolizing
2.
According
to
the
author,
the
department
stores
of
the
19th
century___
A.
played a role in the spread of popular culture.
B. became
intimate shops for common consumers.
C. satisfied the needs of a
knowledgeable elite.
D. owed its emergence to the culture of
consumption.
3. The text suggests that
immigrants now in the U.S.___
A. are resistant to
homogenization.
B. exert a great influence on American
culture.
C. are
hardly a threat to the common culture.
tute the majority of the
population.
4. Why are Amold
Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in
Paragraph
5?
A. To prove their popularity around the
world.
B. To
reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
C. To give
examples of successful immigrants.
D. To show the powerful
influence of American culture.
5. In
the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants
into American
society is
A.
rewarding
B. Successful
C. fruitless
D. harmful
Unit 13
(
2006
)
Part 1
重点词汇:
1.
uniformity
n.
一样,一致;统一性;(相关词)
uniform
a.
相同的,
统一标准的;
be
uniform with
与??同一形式或外貌
2.
casualness
n.
偶然,意外;草率行事;漫不经心;平心静气
3.
array
①
n.
排列;一批,大量;显眼的一系列
②
vt.
排列,制
定(计划等):
array
oneself
装扮,打扮自己、搭配
vast
arrays
of
大批的,
大量的
4.
knowledgeable
a.
有知识的,学识渊博的,有见识的
5.
amaze
v.
使(某人)惊异或惊奇
6.
intimate
a.
密切的,亲密的
7.
cater
v. = provide
food and service
提供饮食及服务
;
搭配
cater for
(或
to
)提供饮食及服务,迎合(某人)
8.
elite
n.
精英,尖子
9.
elevate
vt.
提升,抬起,振作精神;使
(人)欢欣鼓舞;提高(思
想、道德品质、文化素质等)。例:
Good books may elevate the mind.
好书
可以提高思想修养。搭配
elevate to
提升为,提拔至。
10.
unprecedented
a.
前所未有的,空前的,无前例的
11.
assimilation
n.
吸收,
(社会
/
民族的)
同化;
文化的吸收
(相关词)
assimilate
...into
使同化;被同化;融合到??中去;
assimilate
...to
使
(某人)相似;使相同
/
一模一样;
assimilate
with
同化;与??融为一体;
assimilative
a.
同化的,引起同化作用的
resistant
(
+to
)
对??
有抵
抗力的;耐??的;抗??的;防??的
12.
proficient
(
+in
)
① a. 熟练的;精通的
② n.
专家;能手
13.
intermarriage
n.
异
族通婚;
近亲结婚
相关词
intermarry
with
与??
通婚
graveyard
n.
教堂墓地;公墓;垃圾场;政治上发展的终点
14.
immune
(
+to
)
a. phr.
有免疫力的,不易感染的
15.
divisive
a.
引起分歧的,导致分裂的例:
divisive issues
引起分歧
的重要问题相关词
divis
ion
n. ①=separation or distribution
分开;分配
②=disagreement; lack of Unity
分歧;分裂
16.
turbulent
a.
=violent;
disorderly;
uncontrolled;
stormy
< br>骚动的,
骚乱的,汹涌的,狂暴的,无序的相关词
turbulence*
波动,旋流
deteriorate
v.
变坏,变质,恶化
17.
homogenize v.
使均匀,使均质(
make the same
throughout
)相关词
homogeneous
a. =similar;
alike
同性质的,同类的
homogenizatio
n
(趋)
同化
Hispanic
①
a.
西班牙和葡萄牙的;说西班牙语国家的
②
n.拉丁美洲人;
西班牙裔人
18.
democratize vt.
使(某事)民主化
相关词①demo
cracy
民主
,
民主制
②democratic
a.
< br>民主的
,
有民主精神的
19.
bilingual
a.
会双语的,双语的,搭配
bilingual
education
双语教学
superstar*
n.
超级明星,巨星
seething
a.
生气的,发怒的
试题解析:
1
【正确答案】[
C
]
assimil
ating
【测试要点】词汇识别题。
【试题解析】根据原文首句的上下文就能确定答案是[
C
]
,因为原文首句开始
的
in spite of
表示转折关系,就是说
homogenizing
与前
面的
difference
在
上下文
中构成反义词,在四个选项中能与
difference
构成反
义词的只有
assimilate
。
当
然从后文也能看出文章中的考点词
assimilate
是
p>
homogenizing
的同义词。
有的
同学根据词根
homo
表示“相同”的意思选
< br>[
C
]
也是对的。
另外,
37
题的
bumme
r
根据上文的对于“不幸”的描写,
也能选到
< br>[
B
]
“令人不快的”。
2
【正确答案】[
A
]
played a role in the
spread of popular culture.
【测试要点】细节判断题。
【试题解析】
这是一道细节题,根据其中的关键词
dePartment
stores of the
19th century
定位
一段,再根据原文排除可以推出[
A
]是对的。注意[
D
]颠
倒了因果关系。
3
【正确答案】[
C
< br>]
are hardly a threat to the common
culture.
【测试要点】语意推断题。
【试题解析】这是一道简单的推理题。问题问文中暗示现在美国的移民如何?
2
段首句的特殊结构
not...but
就告诉了我们现在美国移民的特点:
能融入共同文
化(
common culture
),表达这一意思的选项只有[
C
]。
4
【正确答案】[
D
]
T
o show the powerful influence of American culture.
【测试要点】这是一道语意推断题。
【试题解析】本题难度较大,所以在这里作一个比较详细的解释。[
A
< br>]很容易
排除,就不讲了。对于[
B
]选项只要抓住
the
public
< br>就可以知道绝对不能选。
注意原文
some
Americans fear that immigrants..., “some
Americans”(一
些美国人)能代表
the
public
(公众)吗
?
显然不行,除非是
Most
Americans
在阅读的替换中可以认为是
the
public,
命题者在这里是偷换概念,也就是错
误替换!
[
C
]作者在文章中提到的成功的人物一定是移民吗?尽管从广
义上来
说所有的美国人都是移民。
有的考生说施瓦辛格是移民,
但考研阅读不要求考生
知道背景,对所有专业的考生是公平的,
即使你没听说过他。另外,如果题目举
这两个人的例子就是为了说明移民本身的成功,<
/p>
那就偏离了文章的主题,
大家应
该都知道
例子是为主题或者主题句服务的。
本篇文章讨论的主题就是美国在吸收
< br>移民方面的成功,
美国文化的同化能力很强,
本文并不讨
论移民个人的成功。
请
注意
yet
p>
后面的内容:
然而,
一些美国人担心在美国
的移民会不受美国强大的同
化能力的影响
(有免疫能力)
。
这句话的内涵是什么呢?前半句讲了即使美国之
外的人也崇拜美国人,
那么作者就说了,
人们何必担心住在
美国国内的移民不受
到美国文化的影响呢?言下之意是美国文化在全世界包括美国都有强
大的影响。
5.
【正确答案】[
p>
B
]
successful.
【测试要点】这是一道作者态度题。
【试题解析】本题除了[
C
]没人选,其他选项都有人选。题目
问作者对美国吸
收移民的观点是什么。注意题干中的
absor
ption
就是文中的
homogenize
< br>和
assimilate
两个词的“同义替换”。
请注意文章第二段第一句话
Immigrants
are
quickly fitting into
this common culture, which may not be altogether
elevating but is hardly poisonous.
讲了移民溶入美国文化
is hardly
poisonous=is
hardly
< br>harmful,
所以[D]不能选。而实际上作者从好几个方面
讲到了美国吸收移民的成功,
比如说移民到第三代的时候基本上忘掉了原来的语
言,新移民的家庭一般高于
50%
的人
都拥有自己的房子等等,所以选[
B
]。本
文并没有着重强调美国吸收移民是有好处的,
有回报的,
而
只是强调吸收移民的
过程的成功,这里[
A
]
rewarding
又是偷换概念。关键还是看文章强调
什么
,
这
是一切阅读的精髓
!
全文翻译:
不管我们如何喋喋不休地谈论差别,
美国社会实际上是一台同化人们的神奇
的机器。
这就是民主化的
着装和话语的统一以及十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着
琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所发起
的随意消费及没有消费的活动。
他们不是为了
迎合有知识的精英
们而开设亲情商店,
而是创建了“不分阶层和背景人人都可以
进
入”的大众商店。这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为。大众传媒、广告
和体育也是
协助人们均质化的推动力。
尽管这种文化一点也不高雅,
但也不
是完
全有害的,移民们很快就融入了这种共同文化。
Grego
ry
Rodriguez
为美国移民
研讨会撰文指出,今天的移民既不是处于空前的水平,也不抵制同化。在
1998
年,移民占全国人口的
9.8%
;在
1900
年为
13.6%
。在
1990
年以前的十年之中,
在每千位居民当中,有
3.1
位新来的移民;而在
1890
年以前的十年之
中,每千
位居民当中就有
9.2
位移民
。
现在,
让我们来看一下三个同化指标——语言、
拥
有产权住房和异族结婚情况。
1990
年的人口普查透露:“来自十五个移民数量
最多的国家的移民在到美国十年
后英语说得‘好’或‘很好’。
”移民的子女几
乎都说两种语言
,且精通英语。“到了第三代,在大多数移民家庭,他们的母语
就消失了。”因此,有人
就把美国描述成了“语言的坟场”。到了
1965
年,出
生于国外的、在
1970
年以前到达美国的移
民有
75.6%
购置了自己的住房,这个
数字高出土生土长的美国人的拥有自己所有权住房的百分比——
69.8%
。在国外
出生的亚裔和西班牙裔移民“与美国本土白人和黑人相比,
与异族通婚的比率要
高。”到了第三代,有三分之一的西班牙裔女性与
非西班牙裔男性结婚,而有
41%
亚裔美国妇女与非亚裔男性结
婚。
Rodriguez
注意到,世界边远地区的
儿童是诸如阿诺德
?
施瓦辛格和加斯
?
布鲁克斯等超级明星
的星迷,
而“一些美国
人担心生活在美国的移民在某种程度上并
不受美国的同化力量的影响。
”在美国
是否存在不和以及潜在的
不安?答案是肯定的,
而且问题的严重性足以超越其他
事宜。<
/p>
但是与美国动荡的过去相比,
这些社会指标说明美国的社会环境变
得黑暗,
且正在恶化。
Part
Two
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has
only one industry
—
William
Shakespeare
—
but
there are two distinctly separate and increasingly
hostile branches. There is the Royal
Shakespeare Company
(
ASC
)
,
which
presents superb productions of
the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial
Theatre
on
the
Avon.
And
there
are
the
townsfolk
who
largely
live
off
the
tourists
who come, not to see the plays, but to look at
Anne Hathaway’s
Cottage, Shakespeare’s
birthplace and the other sights.
The
worthy
residents
of
Stratford
doubt
that
the
theatre
adds
a
penny
to
their
re
venue.
They
frankly
dislike
the
RSC’s
actors,
them
with
their
long hair and beards and sandals and
noisiness. It’s all deliciously
ironic
when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns
their living, was
himself an actor
(
with a
beard
)
and did his share of
noise-making.
The
tourist
streams
are
not
entirely
separate.
The
sightseers
who
come
by bus-
and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim
Palace on the
side
—don’t
usually see the plays, and some of them are even
surprised
to
find
a
theatre
in
Stratford.
However,
the
playgoers
do
manage
a
little
sight-seeing along with their
playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC
contends,
who
bring
in
much
of
the
town’s
revenue
because
they
spend
the
night
(
some of
them four or five
nights
)
pouring cash into the
hotels
and
restaurants.
The
sightseers
can
take
in
everything
and
get
out
of
town
by nightfall.
The townsfolk
don’t see it this way and local council does not
contribute directly to the subsidy of
the Royal Shakespeare Company.
Stratford cries poor
traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town
seems to be adding a new wing or
cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its
own hotel there, which you may be sure
will be decorated with Hamlet
Hamburger
Bars,
the
Lear
Lounge,
the
Banquo
Banqueting
Room,
and
so
forth,
and will be very
expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand
why the Royal Shakespeare
Company
needs
a
subsidy.
(
The
theatre
has
broken
attendance
records
for
three years in a row.
Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied
all year long and this year they’ll do
bette
r.
)
The
reason, of course,
is that costs have
rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
It would be a
shame to raise prices too much because it would
drive
away
the
young
people
who
are
Stratford’s
most
attractive
clientele.
They
come entirely for the plays, not the
sights. They all seem to look alike
(
though they come from all
over
)
---lean, pointed,
dedicated faces,
wearing
jeans
and
sandals,
eating
their
buns
and
bedding
down
for
the
night
on the
flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats
and 80
standing
—
room
tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them
when the
box office opens at 10:30
a.m..
6. From the first two paras , we
learn that____
A. the townsfolk deny
the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s
revenue
B. the actors of the
RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage
C. the two branches of the RSC are not
on good terms
D. the townsfolk earn
little from tourism
7. It can be
inferred from Para 3 that____
A. the
sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace
separately
B. the playgoers spend more
money than the sightseers
C. the
sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers
D. the playgoers go to no other places
in town than the theater
8.
By
saying
“Stratford
cries
poor
traditionally”
(
Line
2-3,
Paragraph
4
)
, the author
implies that_____
A. Stratford cannot
afford the expansion projects
B. Stratford has long been
in financial difficulties
C. the town
is not really short of money
D. the
townsfolk used to be poorly paid
9.
According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no
subsidy because____
A. ticket prices
can be raised to cover the spending
B.
the company is financially ill-managed
C. the behavior of the actors is not
socially acceptable
D. the theatre
attendance is on the rise
10. From the
text we can conclude that the author_____
A. is supportive of both sides
B.
favors the townsfolk’s view
C. takes a detached attitude
D.
is sympathetic
Unit 13
(
2006
)
Part
2
重点词汇:
1.
hostile
a.
含敌意的,极不友好的
2.
superb
a.
极好的,最佳的;华丽的,高贵的;非常的,极度的
3.
revenue
n.
收入,岁入
4.
subsidy
n.
(政府、慈善
机构等分发的)补助金;津贴,补贴;捐款,资
助;拨款;(国家之间的)财政援助
p>
5.
attendance
n.
出席,到场;(总称)出席者,听众,观众;照料,护理
,
伺候
6.
decorate
v.
装饰,打扮
7.
rocket
v.
上升,迅速增加
8.
attractive
a.
有吸引力的,诱人的
9.
sandal
n.
凉鞋
10.
sightseer n.
观光者,旅游者
11.
flagstone
n.
石板
12.
playgoer
n.
戏迷
13.
standing-room
n.
(剧场、体育场等的)站席空位;站立空间
14.
重要词组
live off
住在??以外;靠??生活;靠??供养;以??
为主食
on
the
side
秘密地,暗地里;作为兼职;作为副业
on
the
safe
side
可
靠的;安全的
along with
与??一起;共同;连同;随着;加之
15.
bring
in
引进;引入;生产;产出;收益;进款;挣得(钱);提出(议
案);拘
捕;逮捕;让某人参与计划
16.
take in
让??进入;接纳
;接受;接待;收留;把??领入;包括;
涉及;参观;游览;观看(戏剧、电影等)缩
短;改小衣服;收缩;兼并;获得
(土地);订阅(报刊、杂志等);收入;进账;开始
;注意到;敏锐地观察到;
马上看到;看出;一目了然;领会;理解
17.
get
out
of
从??出来;从??取出来;从??解脱
/
离开;从??获得
/
得到;
戒掉;使摆脱(某事
/
某习惯);使避免;
(使某人)逃避(责任、义务、
职责等)
18.
stay low
保持低速;保持低价位
19.
drive away sb.
开车送走(某人);驱散(某人);赶走(某人)
20.
drive away at
拼命干,努力做工作;孜孜不倦地干
21.
game
n.
游戏,
运动;娱乐活动;猎物(本文意义),猎获物;野味
试题解析:
6.
【正确答案】
[
A
]
the
townsfolk
deny
the
RSC’s
contribution
to
the
town’s
revenue.
【测试要点】这是一道细节判断题。
【试题解析】通过文章第二段的第一句话
The worthy
residents of Stratford
doubt that the
theatre adds a penny to their
revenue.
可知答案。
7.<
/p>
【正确答案】[
B
]
the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.
【测试要点】这是一道事实推断题。
【试题解析】从第三段可看出,游
客买了东西,在夜晚来临前就走人,但是看戏
的人们要在这里呆好多天,意思是花的钱比
游客多。由此可推断,[
B
]为正确
选
项。
8
.【正确答案】[
C
]
the town is not
really short of money.
【测试要点】这是一道句意推断题。
【试题解析】通过上下文很容易知道
cries poor
p>
是装穷的意思,和中文的哭穷
很类似,不过还是不要通过字面意思猜
,通过上下文最有把握,最踏实。
9
.【正确答案】[
D
]
the
theatre attendance is on the rise.
【测试要点】这是一道细节推断题。
【试题解析】原文倒数第二自然段说得很清楚:
The
theatre has broken
attendance records
for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431
seats
were 94 percent occupied all year
long and this year they'll do better.
这
说明对于镇上的人来说,他们实际上不知道票价低的,所以[
A
]不选。他们
看到的只是表面现象[
D
]。
10.
【正确答案】[
D
]
is sympathetic.
【测试要点】这是一道作者态度判断题。
【试题解析】
从最后一段段首,
和后面的句子看出作者认为
不可能上调价格,
这
是很可耻的,可是镇上的人们又不理解。所
以实际上同情它的遭遇。
全文翻译:
如我们所知,埃文河畔斯特拉特福
德只有一种产业——威廉
?
莎士比亚
,
但
是,
它有两个各自明确独立而相互间
敌意不断增长的分支,
这就是英国皇家莎士
比亚剧团——它在埃
文河畔的莎士比亚纪念剧院上演富丽堂皇的莎剧——和在
很大程度上依靠到镇上来不是为
了看戏,而是来参观
Anne
Hathaway
别墅、莎士
比亚的出生地以及其他景观的旅游者的市镇居民们。
斯特拉特福德尊敬的
居民认为剧院没有对他们的收入增加一文钱,
他们坦率
地不喜欢
皇家莎士比亚剧团的演员,这些人留着长发、蓄着胡须、趿拉着拖鞋,
而且很吵闹。想到
为他们挣来营生的莎士比亚本人也是演员(也留着胡子)、也
参与制造噪音,这的确既有
趣,也很有讽刺意味。
旅客流并非是完全分开的,那些乘坐大巴而来的游客——常常还额外参观
Warwick
城堡和
Blenheim
< br>宫——通常不看戏,
有些人在斯特拉特福德看到剧院
还感
到吃惊。
然而,
来看戏者除了看戏外还要想方设法安排一些观光
活动。
皇家
莎士比亚剧团声称,正是这些爱看戏者在此过夜(有
些人呆四五个晚上),把钱