大爷-directional
高考英语语法填空真题汇编
(
含答案
)
及解析
一、高中英语语法填空
1
.
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容
(1<
/p>
个单词
)
或括号内单词的正确形式。
p>
A few months
________(early), Stephanie Heller, had finished
her workout in the gym when
she
________(notice)a woman in the parking lot
struggling to bend down. Ms. Heller offered to
help her. The woman blamed old age for
her incapacity, ________(explain)that she was 70.
But
Ms. Heller was 71.
need
a
good
mood,
really.
I
love
singing
and
dancing
with
all
the
young
friends
I
________
(make)over the years. I'm only as old
as I feel.
Each of us
has ________actual age, the number we celebrate on
birthdays. But some 50-, 60-
and
70-year-olds look and feel ________(youth), while
others do not. Scientists measure these
differences by looking at age-related
things like skin elasticity, blood pressure and so
on, finding
some
________(connect)among
them.
People
________a
healthy
lifestyle
and
a
fortunate
genetic
inheritance(
继承
)tend
________(score)
When
scientists ask,
of
people's
physical
and
mental
health.
The
age
given
is
a
virtual
one,
________is
called
【
答
案
】
earlier
;
noticed
p>
;
explaining
;
have
made
;
an<
/p>
;
youthful/young
;
p>
connection/connections
;
with
;
to
score
;
which
p>
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文,有的人看起来比实际年龄小,
是因为健康的生活方
式,好的遗传基因让人看起来更年轻,研究发现一个人的心态可以反
应他的主观年龄。
(
1
)考查形容词。根据后文的
had
finished
过去完成时,可判断事情发生在过去之前,
a
few months earlier“
几个月
之前
”
,可以和过去完成时连用,故填
earlier
。
(
2
)
考
查
时
态
。
根
系
句
子
可<
/p>
知
此
处
是
从
句
谓
语
动
词
,
此
处
考
查
固
定
句
型
had
< br>done…when(
从句用一般过去时
)
刚做完某事突然就
……
,故填
noticed
。
(
3
)考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知此处是非谓语
动词作状语,逻辑主语
the
woman
和
explain
(解释)之间是主动关系,应用现在分词
,故填
explaining
。
(
4
)考查
时态。分析句子可知此处是定语从句谓语动词,根据下文的
over
the
years(
在过
去几年里
)
判断该句为现在完成时,主语为
I
,故填
have
made
。
(
5
)考查冠词。
age
的
可数名词,此处是泛指,应用不定冠词,又<
/p>
actual
是元音音素开
头,故填
p>
an
。
(
6
)考查形容词。此处应填形容词作为
p>
feel
的表语,
youth
的形容词是
young
和
y
outhful
,故填
young/youthful
。
(
7
)考查名词。此处应填名词作为
finding<
/p>
的宾语,
connect
的名词形式
p>
connection
为可
数名词,
some
可以理解为
“
一些
/
某个
”
,故此处可以用名词单数形式,也可用复数形式,
故填
con
nection/connections
。
(
8
)考查
介词。句意:拥有健康生活方式和好的遗传基因的人倾向于在这些评价中获得
高分。分析
句子可知此处应填介词,再结合句意表示
“
有
< br>”
的介词是
with
,故填
p>
with
。
<
/p>
(
9
)考查非谓语动词。
tend to do sth
固定短语,
“
倾向于做某事
”
,故填
to score
。
(
10
)考查定语从句。分析句子可知,此处是非限
定性定语从句的关系词,先行词
one
在
从句中充当主语,应用关系代词
which
引导,故填
which
。
<
/p>
【点评】本题考点涉及形容词,时态,非谓语动词,冠词,介词,名词,定语从句以及多<
/p>
个知识点的考查,是一篇健康类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上<
/p>
下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
2
.
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入
1
个适当的单词或括
号内单词的正确形式。
Since 1949 when the People's Republic of China
________(establish), and especially since 1978,
China's transformation from a
traditional ________
(
agricul
ture
)
society to a modern
industrial
society
has
been
greatly
accelarated
by
a
rapid
industrial
restructuring.
China's
industrial
structure
developed
according
to
the
objective
of
industrialization,
________ aimed
at
the
proportion(
比例
)of
agriculture
declining
ceaselessly,
and
the
proportion
of
the
industrial
and
service sector
increasing continually. ________(current), the
industrial goods produced in China
all
range from capital goods to consumption
goods.
China's factory
outputs extend from textiles
(
纺织业
) to railway, planes and
computers. China
is
the
largest
producer
of
inexpensive
cotton
textiles
in
the
world
and
exports
large
________(quantity)
of
textiles
and
clothes.
Food
processing
is
very
important,
and
much
farm
produce
is
exported.
Other
industrial
products
________(include)television
sets,
bicycles,
cars,
trucks and washing
machines are expanding in the world.
China has become ________
industrialized country to some extent. The auto
and the housing
industry,
in
the
process
of
industrialization
have
developed
by
leaps
and
bounds.
The
most
important export products are machinery
and electric equipment,________ the most important
import
products
are
raw
materials.
In
recent
years,
China's
industry________(compete)
internationally,
and
as
a
result,
the
________(develop)of
the
country's
industry
is
increasingly
influenced by
international economic environments.
【答案】
was
< br>established
;
agricultural<
/p>
;
which
;
Currently
;
quantities
< br>;
including
;
an<
/p>
;
while/and
;
has competed has been
competing
;
development
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
,自
1978
年以来,中国从传统农业社会向现代工业社
会的转型,在产业结构调整的快速推进下,取得了长足的进步。中国在一定程度上已经成
为一个发达的工业化国家。
(
1
)考查时态语态。根据
Since
1949
可知应用一般过去时,且主语
the
People's
Republic
of
China
与谓语动词
establish
构成被动语态,用一般过去时的被动语态,故填
p>
was
established
。
(
2
)考查
形容词。
society
为名词,需要形容词修饰,故填
agricultural
。
(
3
)考查
定语从句。句意:中国的产业结构是按照工业化的目标发展的,其目标是农业
比重不断下
降。本句为定语从句修饰先行词
the objective of industri
alization
,且先行词在从
句中做主语,指物,故用关
系代词
which
,填
which
。
(
p>
4
)考查副词。句意:目前,中国生产的工业产品从资本品到消费品
应有尽有。修饰整
个句子应用副词,故填
Currently<
/p>
。
(
5
)考查名词。
large
quantities of
固定短语,
“
大量
……”
,故填
quantit
ies
。
(
6
)考查非谓语动词。句意:包括电视机、自行车、汽车、卡
车和洗衣机在内的其他工
业产品正在世界范围内扩张。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有
连词,故
include
只能做非
谓语
,表示
“
包括;包含
”
后跟包含的内容时需用现在分词,故填
including
。
(
7
)考查冠词。句意:中国在一定程度上已经成为一个发达的工业化国家。
country
为可
数名词,此处表泛指
“
一个国家
”
,且
industrialized
为元音音素开头的单词,故应填
an
。
(
8
)考查连词。句意:最重要的出口产品是机
电设备,而最重要的进口产品是原材料。
表示前后对比应用
wh
ile
;或表示承接关系用连词
and
。故填
while
或
and
。
(
9
)考查时态。根据上文
In
recent
years
可知本句为
完成时态,表示过去发生的动作持续
了一段时间持续到现在,用现在完成时,主语为单数
,故填
has
competed
;或
表示过去发
生的动作从过去一直持续到现在,不曾间断,用现在完成进行时,主语为单数
,故填
has
been
competing
。
(
10
)考查名词。根据上文定冠词
the
可知应填名词形式,故填
developme
nt
。
【
点评】本题考点涉及时态语态,形容词,定语从句,副词,名词,非谓语动词,冠词,
连
词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇政治经济类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,
进
一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单
词
形式。
3
.
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入
1
个适
当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since
________
first
fully
artificial
plastic
was
invented
in
1907,
humans
________(find)
innumerable uses for the material. It
has found ________(it) way into our tools, our
clothes and
even our bodies. In a new
study in ________(environment) science and
technology, researchers
estimate
the
average
American
eats
more
than
50,000
pieces
of
microplastic
particles,
________(small)
than
5
millimeters
in
length
every
year
and
breathes
in
another
50,000.
Although
the
health
________(effect)
of
consuming
these
tiny
bits
of
plastic
are
unclear,
researchers stress
the real volume that people are ________(casual)
swallowing is alarming. The
largest
contributor
came
________
drinking
bottled
water,
in
________
the
bottle itself
added
more
than
32
times
more
plastic
to
a
diet
________(compare)
with
tap
water,
The
Guardian
reports.
【答案】
the
;
have
< br>found
;
its
;
environmental
;
smaller
;
effects
;
< br>casually
;
from
;
which
;
compared
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文
。文章提出了人工塑料渗入到我们生活的方方面面。
在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中,
研究人员估计,美国人平均每年吃掉
5
万多块塑料微
粒,这些微粒的长度小于
5
毫米,再吸入
5
万粒塑料微粒。主要诱因是饮用瓶装水。
(
1
)考查
冠词。句意:自从
1907
年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来。
根据
first
可知此处
用冠词
the
。故填
the
。
(
2<
/p>
)考查时态。句意:人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。
sin
ce
引导的时间从句要用
一般过去时,主句要用现在完成时。分
析句子成分可知,主语是
humans
,故谓语动词为
have found
。故填
have
found
。
(
3
)考查代词。句意:它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣
服甚至我们的身体。
way
是名
词,此
处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填
its
。
(
4
)考查形容词。句意:在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中。此处要用形容词修饰名词
science and technology
(科学与技术)。故填
environmental
。
(
5
)考查
形容词。句意:美国人平均每年吃掉
5
万多块塑料微粒,这些微
粒的长度小于
5
毫米,再吸入
5
万粒塑料微粒。根据
than
可知此处要用形
容词比较级。故填
smaller
。
(
6
)考查
名词。句意:尽管食用这些小塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚。根据
the
health
是主语的一部分,可知此处用名词作主语,且谓语动词是
p>
are
,故用可数名词复数,填
effec
ts
。
(
7
)考查副词。句意:但研究人员强调,人们随意吞下的塑料碎
片的实际数量令人担
忧。此处要用副词修饰动词
swallow
ing
。故填
casually
。<
/p>
(
8
)考查介词。句意:最大促成物来自饮用瓶装水。
come
from
,固定短语,
“
来自
”
。故
填
from
。
(
9
)考查定语从句。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑
料量是自来水的
32
倍多。分析
句子成
分可知,先行词为
drinking
bottled
water
,指物,且作
in
的宾语,故此处填
which
。
故填
which
。
(
10
)考
查非谓语动词。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的
32
倍多。
分析句子可知,
the bottle its
elf
与
compare
在逻辑上是被
动关系。故填
compared
。
【点评】本题考点涉及冠词,时态,代词,形容词,名词,介
词,副词,定语从句以及非
谓语动词的等多个知识点的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考
生在理解细节信息的基础
上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行
分析推理,从而写出正确
的单词形式。
4
.
阅读下
面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容
(1
个单词
< br>)
或括号内单词的正确形式。
When
it
comes
to
climate
change,
language
does
count.
In
March,
the
Guardian
changed________(it)
wording
–
using
heating
instead
of
warming
,
after
scientists found that
Earth's temperature is set ________(rise) from
between 2.5C and 4.5C. And
on
May
1,
the
UK
parliament
declared
a
emergency
________(become)the
first
parliament to do
so.
If with
the state of
disturbed so
much that there is no turning back. Everything
will be changing: Coral will die, polar
bears
will
lose
their
habitats
completely,
and
extreme________
(weather)
like
droughts
and
heavy
storms
will
happen
at
a
higher________
(frequent).
There
is
no
denying
that
we're
entering a climate
emergency.
Decades ago
when the science on the climate issue was first
increasing, the impacts could be
seen
as an issue for future generations,
we
all are living together.
However, getting these messages ________ is far
from enough. It depends on each to find a
solution
–
if
there
are any
solutions
left
to
find.
The
UK's
Labor
leader
Jeremy
urged
that
________(take) rapid and
dramatic action now
Indeed, language matters. But action matters even
more.
【答案】
its
;
to
rise
;
becoming
;
p>
where
;
weathers/weat
her
;
frequency
;
definitely
;
the
;
through/across
;
(should)take
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文,谈到气候变化,语言的确很重要。今年
3<
/p>
月,在科
学家发现地球温度将从
2.5<
/p>
度上升到
4.5
度之后,《卫报》改变了
它的措辞
——
使用
全球
变热
而不是
< br>
全球变暖
。
(
1
)考查代词。句意:今年
3
月,在科学家发现地球温度将从
p>
2.5
度上升到
4.5
度之后,
《卫报》改变了它的措辞
——
使用
全球变热
而不是
全球变暖
< br>。文中表示
它的措辞
,所
以填
its
。
(
2
)考查非谓语动词。句意:今年
3
月,在科学家发
现地球温度将从
2.5
度上升到
4.5
度
之后,《卫报》改变了它的措辞
——
使用
全球变热
而不是
全球变暖
。
set
to
< br>do
固定短
语,
“
开始做
”
,故填
to
rise
。
(
3
)考查非谓语动词。句意:
5<
/p>
月
1
日,英国议会宣布进入
气候紧急状态
,成为第一个
这样做的议会。
become
的逻辑主
语是
the
UK
parliame
nt
,它们之间是主动关系,用现在分
词作状语,所以填
becoming
。
(
4
)考查
定语从句。句意:如果在
全球变暖
p>
的情况下,我们仍然在自己的舒适区处理这
种情况,进入
全球变热
的状态,就像走
向一个点,大自然的微妙平衡被扰乱得如此之
多,没有回头路。
4
the
delicate
balance
of
nature
is
disturbed
so
much
that
there
is
no
turning
back.
是一个定语从句,先行词是
a point
,关系词在从句中作地点状语,所以填关系
副词
where
。
(
5
)考查名词。句意:珊瑚将会死亡,北极熊将完全失去
它们的栖息地,干旱和暴风雨
等极端天气将会以更高的频率发生。该空作句子主语用名词
,单数或复数均可,所以填
weathers/weather
。
(
6<
/p>
)考查名词。句意:珊瑚将会死亡,北极熊将完全失去它们的栖息地,干旱和暴风雨
等极端天气将会以更高的频率发生。介词之后,用名词,所以填
fre
quency
。
< br>(
7
)考查副词。句意:几十年前,当气候问题的科学研
究刚刚起步时,其影响可能会被
视为未来几代人的问题,但现在这绝对是我们的问题,我
们都生活在一起的转变。修饰整
个句子,用副词,所以填
def
initely
。
(
8
)考查冠词。句意:几十年前,当气候问题的科学
研究刚刚起步时,其影响可能会被
视为未来几代人的问题,但现在这绝对是我们的问题,
我们都生活在一起的转变。特指
这
个转
变
,用定冠词,所以填
the
。
(
9
)考查介词。句意:然而,仅仅理解这些信息是远远不够的。
get
through
/across
固定
短语,
“
理解
p>
”
,故填
through/across<
/p>
。
(
10
)考查虚拟语气。
that we
10 ( take) rapid and dramatic action now.
< br>是一个宾语从句,
urge
之后的宾语从句,宾语从句中
用
should
+
动词原形,
p>
should
可以被省略的虚拟语气,
所以
填
(should)take
。
【点评】本题考点涉及代词,非谓语动词,定语从句,名词,
副词,冠词,介词以及虚拟
语气等多个知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理
解细节信息的基础上,进一
步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推
理,从而写出正确的单词形
式。
<
/p>
5
.
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入
1
个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The more advanced
technology becomes, the more it seems to have
control over our lives. We
shop,
work,
play,
search
for
information
and
seek
________
(chat)
with
each
other
online. Yet
people are not arguing about this
astonishing condition. It ________ (believe) that
people have
readily embraced
technology, seeking only the benefits but ________
(ignore) its drawbacks.
It does not matter whether your home is in a
________ (noise) downtown or in the remote
countryside. If you have a screen
________ it can pick up a signal, your mind is
still in the same
placeless place. This
place is the zone ________ your mind will go when
you stare at a screen,
and it feels
like your mind stops thinking.
Recent
developments
in
technology
also
led
to
a
decline
in
normal
social
behaviors.
In
past
ages, you
could walk around town for a whole day without
seeing all the people you know. Now,
everyone
you
know
is
________
arm's
reach,
taking
that
certain
psychological
feeling
out
of
seeing
people. You can see them every second of every
day, and hear nearly every single thought
of theirs just as they hear ________
(you).
In ________
(conclude), modern technology can be a double-
edged sword. They do have their
advantages, but they can change our
lives ________ (complete).
【答案】
to
chat
;
is
believed
;
ignoring
;
noisy
;
and
;
where
;
with
in
;
yours
;
< br>conclusion
;
completely
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文
,论述了现代技术是一把双刃剑。它们确实有自己的
优势,但它们可以彻底改变我们的生
活。
(
1
)考查非谓语动词。句意:我们在网上购物、工作、娱乐、搜索信息和聊天。语
seek
to do sth.
固定短语,<
/p>
“
试图做,设法做某事
”
,故填
to chat
。
(
2
)考查
时态语态。句意:人们相信,人们已经欣然接受了技术,只追求它
的
好处而忽
略了它的缺点。
It is
believed that…
固定句式,
“
< br>人们相信
……”
,故填
is
believed
。
(
3
)考查非谓语动词。句意:人们相信,人们已经
欣然接受了技术,只追求它
的
p>
好处而
忽略了它的缺点。本空与上文
”se
eking
only
the
be
nefits“
构成并列非谓语结构,故填
ignoring<
/p>
。
(
4
)考查形容词。句意:不管你的家是在闹市还是在偏远的农村。
p>
downtown
为名词需要
形容词修饰,
故填
noisy
。
(
5
)考查
连词。句意:如果你有一个屏幕,它可以接收到一个信号,你的思想仍然在同
一个地方。
结合上下文语境可知为承接关系,故填
and
。
(
6
)考查定语从句。句意:当你盯着屏幕的时候,你的大脑会进入这个区域,你会觉得
大脑停止思考了。本句为定语从句修饰先行词
place
,且先
行词在从句中做地点状语,故填
where
。
< br>
(
7
)考查介词。句意:现在,你认识的每个人都在你的触手可及的范围内,把那种特定
的
心理感受带离与人交往。
within
arm's
reach
固定短语,
“
伸手可及的范围内
”
,故填
with
in
。
(
8
)考查代词。句意:你每时每刻都能看到他们,几乎能听到他
们的每一个想法,就像
他们听到你的一样。此处做
hear
p>
的宾语需要用名词性物主代词,故填
yours
。
大爷-directional
大爷-directional
大爷-directional
大爷-directional
大爷-directional
大爷-directional
大爷-directional
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