sculpture-mna
2018
年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英
语（全
国卷
1
）及答案解析
英语
第一部分听力
(
共两节，满分
30
分
做题时，
先将答案标
在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，
你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上
的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节
(
共
5
小题；每小题
1.5
分，满分
7.5
分
)
听下面
5
段
对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的
A
、
B
、
C
三个选项中
选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有
10
秒
钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读
下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例
: How much is
the shirt?
A.
￡
19.15.
B.
￡
9.18.
C.
￡
9.15.
答案是
C
。
1. What will James do
tomorrow?
A.
Watch a TV program.
B. Give a
talk.
C. Write a report.
2. What can we say about
the woman?
A.
She's generous.
B. She's curious.
C. She's
helpful.
3. When does the train
leave?
A. At
6:30.
B. At 8:30.
C. At
10:30
4. How does the woman go to
work?
A. By car
B.
On foot
C. By bike.
5. What is the probable
relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates.
B.
Teacher and student.
C.
Doctor and patient.
第二节
(
共
15
小题
;
每小题
1.5
分。满分
22.5
分
)
听下面
5
段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个
小题，从题中所给的
A
、
B
、
C
三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白
前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，
每小题
5
秒钟，
听完后，
各小题将给出
5
秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两
遍。
听第
6
段材
料，回答第
6
、
7
题
6. What does
the woman regret?
A. Giving up her research.
B. Dropping out of
college.
C.
Changing her major.
7. What is the woman interested in
studying now?
A.
Ecology.
B. Education.
C.
Chemistry
题。<
/p>
、
97
段材料，回答第
< br>8
听第
8. What is the mam?
C. A taxi B. A tour guide.
manager.
driver.
9. What is the man doing
for the woman?
A. Looking for some local
foods.
B.
Showing her around the seaside.
C. Offering information
about a hotel.
题。
128
段材料，回答第
10
至听第
10. Where does the conversation
probably take place?
C. At a A. In an office.
restaurant.
11. What will the speakers do tomorrow
evening?
C. Work
A. Go to a concert.
extra hours.
12. Who is Alice going to
call?
C. B. Joan
Catherine.
听第
9
段材料，回答第
13
至
16
题。
< br>
13. Why does the woman
meet the man?
A.
To look at an apartment
B. To deliver some
furniture.
C. To
have a meal together.
14. What does the woman like about the
carpet?
A. Its
color.
C. Its
quality.
15. What does the man say about the
kitchen?
C. It's
B. It's newly painted.
adequately
equipped.
16.
What will the woman probably do next?
A. A hotel
B. At home.
B.
Visit a friend.
A. Mike.
B. Its design.
A. It's a good size.
C. Make B. Talk
with her friend.
A. Go downtown.
payment.
题。至
20
听第
10
段材料，回答第
17
17. Who is the speaker probably talking
to?
C.
A.
Movie fans.
B.
News reporters.
College
students.
18.
When did the speaker take English
classes?
A.
Before he left his hometown.
B. After he came to
America.
C. When
he was 15 years old.
19. How does the speaker feel about his
teacher?
A. He's
proud.B. He's sympathetic.
C. He's
grateful.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk
about?
A. How
education shaped his life.
B. How his language skills
improved.
C. How
he managed his business well.
答案：
1
-
5 BCCBA
6
-
10 BABCC
11
-
15 ABAAC
16
-
20
BCBCA
第二部分
阅读理解
(
共两节，满分
40
分
)
第一节
(
共
15<
/p>
小题；每小题
2
分，满分
30
分
)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
A
、
B
、
C
和
D
四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在
答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Washington, D.C. Bicycle
Tours
Cherry
Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3
hours
This small
group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the
world
-
famous cherry trees
with beautiful flowers of
Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history
lesson
about the trees and
the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve
your spot
before
availability
—
and the cherry blossoms
—
disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle
Tour
Duration: 3
hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some
of the most popular monuments in
Washington,
D.C.
Explore the monuments and memorials on the
National Mail as your guide
shares unique facts and history at each
stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet,
cookies and bottled
water.
Capital
City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3
hours
Morning or
Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for
D.C. newcomers and
locals
looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a
healthy way with minimum effort.
Knowledgeable guides will entertain you
with the most interesting stories about
Presidents, Congress,
memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a
smooth tour
route(
路线
) make
cycling between the sites fun and
relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night
Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours (7 miles)
Join a small group bike
tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of
Washington,
D.C. Get up
close to the monuments and memorials as you bike
the sites of Capital
Hill
and the National Mall. Frequent stops are make for
photo taking as your guide
offers unique facts and history. Tour
includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All
riders are equipped with
reflective vests and safety lights.
21. Which tour do you need
to book in advance?
A.
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B. Washington Capital
Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
D. Washington Capital Sites
at Night Bike Tour.
22. What will you do on the Capital
City Bike Tour?
A. Meet
famous people.
B.
Go to a national
park.
C. Visit
well
-
known museums.
D. Enjoy interesting
stories.
23.
Which of the following does the bicycle tour at
night provide?
A. City
maps.
B. Cameras.
C. Meals.
D. Safety
lights.
此篇为
有小标题的应用文，
内容为华盛顿四种骑车游的介绍，
配备
3
道细节理解
题，
出题形式中规中矩，
相对比较简单。
此类文章根据题干中的关键
词仔细回原
文寻找对应即可。
21. A
细节理解题。题目问“哪一个骑车游需要提前预定”
，根据第一段内容中的
“
Reserve
your spot before availability
—
and the cherry
blossoms
—
disapp
ear(
在有效期和
樱花消失前预约
)
”
可知应选
A
。
此题难点在于熟悉词汇
（
in ad
vance
和
reserve
）
。
22.
D
细节理解题。题目问“首都骑车
游中你能做什么”
，根据第三段内容中的
“
Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about
Presidents, Congress, memorials, and pa
rks
（知识丰富的向导会给你讲关于总统、
国会、纪念馆还有
公园的最有趣的故事）
”可知应选
D
选
项“听有趣的故事”
。
23. D
细节理解题。题目问“以下哪一个是夜间骑车游提供的”
，根据第四段内容中的
“
All riders are equipped with
reflective vests and safety lights
（所有骑行
者装备反
光背心和安全灯）
”可知应选
D
选项。
B
Good Morning Britain's
Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the
sofa every
morning, but she
is cooking up a storm in her latest role
-
showing families how to
prepare delicious and
nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In
Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home
each week and with
the
help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top
tips on how to reduce food waste, while
preparing recipes for under
￡
5 per family a day. And the
Good Morning
Britain
presenter says she's been able to put a lot of
what she's learnt into practice in
her own home, preparing meals for sons,
Sam, I4, Finn, 13. and Jack, 11
We
love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone
from my local Mexican
takeaway restaurant, she explains,
“
I pay
￡
5 is for a portion
(
一份
), but Matt makes
them for 26p a portion,
because they are flour, water, sugar and oil.
Everybody can
buy takeaway
food. But sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we
can make this
food
ourselves.
”
The
eight
-
part series (
系列节目
)
，
Save
Money: Good Food, follows in the
footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good
Health, which gave viewers advice on how to
get value from the vast
range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household
expenses, Susanna and Matt spend
time
with a different family
each week. In tonight's Faster special, they come
to the aid of
a family in
need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.
The team transforms the
family's long weekend of celebration
with less expensive but still tasty
recipes.
24. What do we
know about Susanna Reid?
A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B. She has
started a new
programme.
C. She dislikes working
early in the morning.
D. She has had
a tight budget for
her
family.
25. How
does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cooking
materials for her.
B. He prepares food for her
kids.
C. He assists her in cooking matters.
D. He invites guest families
for her.
26. What does the author intend to do
in paragraph4?
A. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B. Provide some advice for
the
readers.
C. Add some background information.
D.
Introduce a new topic
for the
discussion.
27. What can be a suitable
title for the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B. Balancing
Our
Daily Diet
C.
Making yourself a Perfect Chef
D. Cooking Well
for Less
24.
B.
细节题，出处可定位至第一段
her latest role
，为各种家庭展示如何用比较少的预
算去做既好吃又有营养的饭
菜；
A
选项虽然提到
Susanna
和
guest
，
但是
embarrass
偷换了原文
的概念，可以排除；
C
选项无中生有；
D
选项原文中未提到她自己的
家庭预算很紧张。
25. C.
细节题，
出处定位至第二段
with
the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on
how
to reduce food waste,
while preparing recipes for under $$5 per family a
day.
可知
Matt
在烹饪事物上
帮助了
Susanna
。
26. C.
细节题，
出处定位至
Save
Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of
ITV's Save
Money: Good
Health,
…可知作者是为读者介绍了
Save Mone
y
这个节目是怎么来
的，即是背景信息，故选择
C
项。
27. D.
主旨题，
主旨句一般可定位至文章的第一段，
but
后的关键信息点
she is cooking up
a storm in her latest role
-
showing families how to
prepare delicious and nutritious
meals on a tight budget.
可知答案
D
。
C
Languages have been coming and going
for thousands of years, but in recent times
there has been less coming
and a lot more going. When the world was sill
populated
by
hunter
-
gatherers , small
tightly knit (
联系
) groups
developed their own patterns of
speech independent of each other. Some
language experts believe that 10000 years
ago, when the world had
just five to ten million people, they spoke
perhaps 1200
languages
between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people
started settling down to become farmers,
and their languages too
became more settled and fewer in number. In recent
centuries,
trade,
industrialization, the development of the
nation
-
state and the spread
of
universal compulsory
education, especially globalization and better
communications
in the past
few decades, all have caused many languages to
disappear,
and dominant
languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are
increasingly taking
over.
At present, the world has about 6800
languages. The distribution of these
languages is hugely uneven. The general
rule is that mild zones have relatively few
languages, often spoken by
many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often
spoken
by small numbers.
Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas
about 1000;
Africa 2400;
and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3200, of which
Papua New Guinea
alone
accounts for well over 800. The median number
(
中位数
) of speakers is a mere
6000, which means that half
the world's languages are spoken by fewer people
than
that.
Already well over 400 of the total of
6,800 languages are close to extinction
(
消
亡
),
with only a few elderly speakers left.
Pick, at random, Busum in Cameroon (eight
remaining Speaker),
Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the
United States
(two or
three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a
question
-
mark) none of these
seems to have much chance
of survival.
28.
What can we infer about languages in
hunter
-
gatherer
times?
A. They
developed very fast.
B. They
were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns.
D. They
were closely
connected.
29.
Which of the following best explains
“<
/p>
dominant
”
underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Complex.
B. Advanced.
C. Powerful.
D. Modern.
30. How many languages are
spoken by less than 6000 people at
present?
A. About 6800
B.
About 3400
C. About 2400
D.
About 1200
31.
What is the main idea of the text?
A. New languages will be
created.
B. People's
lifestyles are reflected in fewer
languages.
C. Human
development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language
evolution.
28.
B
．
细节
题。
由
hunter
-
gatherer times
定位到第一自然段，
根
据
when the world had just
five to ten million people, they spoke
perhaps 1200 languages between them.
可是当
时人少，但是语言很多。
29. C.
猜题题。根据第二段后半部分
dominant
languages such as English, Spanish and
Chinese are increasingly taking over, <
/p>
列举的英语、西班牙语、中文等都是使用人
数较多等语言，所以选
择
powerful
。
30. B.
细节题。根据第三段
At
present, the world has about 6800
languages
和
The
median number
(
中位数
) of speakers is a were
6000 ,which means that half the
world's languages are spoken by fewer
people than that.
可知现在有
3400<
/p>
种语言被
少于
6000
< br>人说。
31.
C.
主旨题，根据
Languages have been
coming and going for thousands of years, but in
recent times there has been
less coming and a lot more going .
可知增加的
语言少消
失的语言多，且本文按照时间顺序写作，讲了随着人类发展，很多语言消失。所
以选择
C
。
D
We
may think we're a culture that gets rid of our
worn technology at the first sight of
something shiny and new, but a new
study shows that we keep using our old
devices
（装置）
well after they
go out of style. That's bad news for the
environment
–
and
our
wallets
–
as these
outdated devices consume much more energy than the
news ones
that do the same
things.
To figure out
how much power these devices are using. Callie
Babbitt and
her
colleagues at the Rochester Institute
of Technology in New York tracked the
environmental costs for each product
throughout its life
–
from when its minerals
are
mined to when we stop using
the device. This method provided a readout for how
home energy use has evolved
since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by
generation. Desktop
computers, basic mobile phones, and
box
-
set TVs defined 1992.
Digital cameras arrived on
the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones,
and
LCD TVs entered homes
in 2002, before tablets and
e
-
readers showed up in
2007.
As we
accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw
out our old ones.
“
The
living
-
room
television is replaced and gets planted in the
kids' room, and suddenly
one day, you have a TV in every room of
the house,
”
said
one researcher. The
average
number of electronic devices rose from
four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.
We're not just keeping
these old devices
–
we continue to use them. According to
the
analysis of
Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs
with cathode ray tubes
are
the worst devices with their energy consumption
and contribution to greenhouse
gas
emissions
（排放）
more than
doubling during the 1992 to 2007
window.
So
what's the solution
（解决方案）
?
The team's date only went up to 2007, but the
researchers also explored
what would happen if consumers replaced old
products with
new
electronics that serve more than one function,
such as a tablet for word
processing and TV viewing. They found
that more on demand environment viewing
on tablets instead of TVs
and desktop computers could cut energy consumption
by
44%.
32. What does the author think of new
devices?
A.
They are
environment
-
friendly.
B.
They are no better
than the
old.
C. They
cost more to use at home.
D.
They go
out of style
quickly.
33. Why
did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A. To reduce the cost of
minerals.
B. To test
the
life cycle of a