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“
药品说明书
”
的英文
表达方式有
Instructons
,
Directions
,
Package
Insert
,或简称
Insert
,也
有用
Le
eflet
或
Data Sheets
①
药品名称(
Drug NameS<
/p>
)
,②
性状(
D
escription
)
,③
药理作用
(
Pharmacological
Actions
)
,
④
适应症
(
Indications
< br>)
,
⑤
禁忌证
< br>(
Contraindications
)
,
⑥
用量与用法
(
DOsage and
Administr
ation
)
.⑦
不良反应(
Adverse
Reactions
)
。⑧
注意事项(
P
recautions
)
,⑨
包装
p>
(
Package
)
,⑩
贮存
(Storage
)
,⑾
其他项目(
Others
)
。规格(
specification
)
?
镇静剂:
sedatives,
tranquilizers, sleeping pills, downers,
depressants, anxiolytics,
soporifics
(催
眠药)
,
or sedative-hypnotics
镇痛剂
Analgesic
(an-
alge-sic)
剂型
:
Pill, powder,
ointment, small pill, medicinal liquor , decocting
pieces
丸,
粉,
油膏,
小丸?
药酒,
煎剂
Big honeyed pill,
water-honeyed pill , medicinal wine,
tablet, troche(
药片、片剂
)
,
soft capsule,
granule(<
/p>
粒料
)
,
syr
up(
糖浆
)
,
watered pill(
水丸
)
,
plaster(
膏药、
石膏
)
,
aerosol
(
气雾剂)
,
smeared
pill, pasted pill(
糊剂
< br>)
,
liniment(
擦剂<
/p>
)
,
tincture(
酊剂
)
,
power,
concentrated pill (
浓缩丸
)
,
dripping
pill,
concentrated decoction
(
浓缩煎剂
)
removing
ineffective elements like starch and fiber while
retaining effective elements like
organic
acid, alkaloid,
essential oil and higher alcohols
有机酸,生物碱,香精油,高级醇
中医英语翻译的一些特点
1.
采用音译法
,阳明
(Yangming
)
,功夫
(KongFu)
,太极
p>
(Taiji)
;或使用音义混
合译法,如
温阳
(Warming
Yang)
,阴阳五行
(Yin Yang and five
elements)
,孤阴
(Single
Yin)
,
气分证
(Syndrome
of
Qi
system)
,太阳腑病
(
Syndrome
of
Taiyang
Fu-organ
)
,肺阴
(the
Lung-yin)
,
2.
采用借代法,新造词汇
。
(1)
湿
(dampness,
damp)
,湿毒
(noxious
dampness)
,湿热
(damp-heat )
;
( 2
)
温
( warming
,
warm)
,温邪
(warm-
pathogen, pathogenic warm)
,温阳
(WarmingYang)
;
(3)
命门
(the gate of
life)
;
(4)
火
(
有四重含义
)
:
一作火或火邪
(fire)
< br>,
二作火证
(fire syndrome
)
,
三作五
行之一
one of the
fire elements<
/p>
,四作生理之火
(physiological
fire)
;
(5)
气有三重含义
:
一作气
p>
(Energy)
,
二作正气
(vital energy)
,
三作功能活动
p>
(functional
activity)
;
(6)
木火土金水
(wood,
fire, earth, metal, water)
;
(7)
水火不济
(discordance between water and fire)
。
3.
将西医医学英语与中医医学英语交叉,构成复合词。
大肠咳
(cough with fecal
incontinence)
;肺热
(the lung-
heat)
;心合小肠(
the heart is
connected
with the small intestine
functionally)
;胃寒
(cold
syndrome of the
stomache)
;肝厥
(liver-syncope
failure of
liver)
等等。
4.
采用
注释式翻译
。
标本同治
(treating both the
principal and the secondary aspects of a
disease)
;
低可去升
(prescription with
lowering effect can treat the adverse-rising
syndrome)
;
无名肿毒
(innominate
inflanunatory of unknown
origin)
;
健脾
(invigorating the
spleen)
;
上实下虚
(excess in the upper and
deficiency in the lower)
;
益气解表法
(supplementing
Qi
and
expelling
the
pathogenic
factors
from
the
body
surface)
,
5.
完全摆脱中医字面意义,采用意译。
如中药用的酒
(liquor
)
,在国
外被看作是烈性酒,翻译时改用
wine, tonic(
补药
酒
)
,很好地体
现了以酒为溶液与药物
混合一体,成为可口服的药物之意。
肺风粉刺:
(acne rosacea
,即红斑座疤
)
;湿癣:
(
exudative dermatitis
即渗出性皮炎
)<
/p>
;
风疽:
(chronic eczema
,即慢性湿疹
)
;肠风:
(fres
h blood in stool
,即便血
)
;
水气:
(
edema
,即水肿
)
。
常用词地表达:
1
“
通
p>
”——
通畅之意
invigorate,
ease, clear, induce, promote, treat
通脉
invigorating( or activating) pulse-
beat
或
promoting circulation
of qi;
通经
restoring menstrual
flow
或
inducing( in-creasing
or promoting) menstruation
。
通腑
removing heat by catharsis, relaxing
the bowels
或
free movement of
the bowels
通则通用
treating diarrhea with
purgatives
。
2
“
补
”——
补养之意
nourish,
enrich, tonify, reinforc
,
str
engthen
,
replenish
及
invigorate
补血,
enriching the blood(
滋养血液
)
;
补肝,
nourishing the
liver
;
补肾
< br>(
脾,脑
)
,
< br>invigorating( tonifying) the kidney(the spleen
,
the
brain)
,
3
<
/p>
“
祛
”——
消除
、驱散的意思
e1iminate , dispel , remove
,expel
祛风,
expelling the wind
;
祛寒,
dispelling
the
cold
;
祛痰,
removing
the phlegm
;
祛邪,
eli
minating
the pathogenic
factor
。
4
“
理
”——
调理的意思
regulate
treat
理气,
regulating
the flow of qi
;
理中,
regulating the function
of the middle-jiao
。
理血,
treating the
blood disorder
。
5
“
活
”——
主要是指驱散癖血
activate
,
promote
活络,
activating the
collaterals
;
活血,
promoting blood
circulation
。
6
“
疏
”——
疏解疏散之意
sooth , releave ,
disperse
,
dispel, promote ,
dredge
疏散风热寒邪所致的郁结、气滞等,常选用
sooth ,
releave , disperse
,
dispel
等来表达。
疏通气血经脉,常用
promote ,
dredge
。
疏风,
expelling
wind
;疏肝。
soothing the
liver
。
疏通经络,
dredging the
channel
;疏通气血,
promoting flow
of qi and blood
。
7
“
泻
”——
是清泻的意思
expel , purge, remove
, relax,clear away
泻下通便,
relaxing the bowels
with purgative
;
泻火,
purging intense
heat
;
泻水
removing water
retention
;
泻热,
expelling the pathogenic
heat
;
泻肺,
purging the
lung of pathogenic fire
;
泻肝,
clearing away
the liver-fire
。
8
“
生<
/p>
”——
是通过补益的方法促进津液气血的生成
promote , invigorate , activate
生津,
promoting the
production of the body
fluid
;
生肌,
promoting tissue
regeneration
;
生阳,
invigorating vital
function
;
生脉,
activating
pulse
。
9
“
宣
”——
是散布、宣通的意思
facilitate
,dispel
,
ventilate , clear
宣肺,
ventilating(
clearing) the lung or promoting the dispersing
function of the lung
;
宣散风寒,
dispelling
the wind cold
;
宣肺平喘,
facilitating the flow
of the lung-qi to relieve
asthma
。
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