deserted-moga
倒装
一、
知识要点
英语陈述句的正常语序是主语在前,
谓语在后。但是在某些场合,
为了强调、突出等目
的会颠倒原有语序,
这种句式叫做倒装<
/p>
(Inversion)
句。
倒装句有两种形式:
完全倒装
(Full
p>
Inversion)
和部分倒装
(Par
tial Inversion)
。
1
、完全倒装
将整个谓语动词或整个谓语部分都放在主语前面时,
称为完全倒装。
< br>使用完全倒装的情
况有:
(1)
以
here, there, now, then,
from, out, down, in, up, away, on
等副词开头的
句子,
且谓语动词都是属于移动的含义,主语为名词时。如:
There followed a long silence.
接着是一阵长时间的沉默。
Now
come the long-awaited guests.
盼望已久的客人们现在来了。
From the distance came occasional
shots.
从远处不时传来枪声。
Out rushed a tiger.
一只老虎冲了出去。
*
注意:如果上述情况中主语为代词,则句子不必倒装。如:
Out he rushed.
他冲了出去。
Here she
came.
她来了。
(2)
地点状语置于句首,
且主语为名词时。
此类句中的谓语动词大多是表示走动或状态的不
及物动词
go, come, stand, sit, lie
等。如:
Under the
tree sat an old wrinkled man.
一位满脸皱纹的老人坐在树下。
At
the door stood a girl about the same height as
mine.
在门边站着个跟我差不多一
样高的女孩。
(3)
表语放在句首以加强语气时,主语要放在
be
动
词之后形成完全倒装。如
:
Below is the blue ocean.
下面是蓝色的海洋。
(4)
有时为了强调,
可将谓语部分
的现在分词、
过去分词或不定式置于句首,
从而构成倒装。
p>
如:
Standing at the
door is a charming girl.
坐在门口的是一个可人的女孩。
To
be carefully considered are the following
questions.
下列问题要仔细考虑。
2
、部分倒装
只将助动词置于主语前,
谓语其余部
分置于主语后,
则是部分倒装。
下列情况使用部分
倒装:
(1)
否定词及含有否定意义的副词
或词组置于句首时,句子要部分倒装:
never,
no,
not,
not only, hardly,
scarcely, rarely, little, seldom, nowhere, no
sooner
…
than,
hardly/
barely/
scarcely
…
when,
not
until
…
,
at
no
time,
by
no
means,
on
no
account,
in no way, in no case, on no condition,
in/under no circumstances
等。如:
In no way am
I responsible for what has happened.
我决不会对已经发生的事负责。
No
sooner had the bell rung than the students rushed
out of the classroom.
铃声
一响,学生们就跑出了教室。
(2)
以
only
修饰状语开头的句子,要部分倒装。如:
Only last week did
they get married.
他们上个星期刚结婚。
Only
if I get a job will I have enough money to get the
camera.
我只有找到了工作
才有足够的钱买那款相机。
*
注意:
only
属于主语的一部分时,不可用倒装结构。如:
Only a few people understood
what he said.
只有很少人懂得他在说什么。
(3)
以下列副词或短语开头的句子,句子要部分倒装
so,
such,
to
such
a
degree,
to
such
an extent, to such
extremes, to such a
point
等。如:
Such was the weather that I could not
go out.
天气如此这般,我出不了门。
To such a degree did the story touch me
that I took notes of it.
这个故事深深地
打动了我,于是我把它记了下来。
(4)
句首为
so, nor, neither
等副词,表明前句说明的情况也适用于该句时,句子通常要
部分倒装。如:
He didn't say anything. Nor/
Neither did his assistant.
他什么都没说,他助手也
没吭声。
People in Britain rest two days a week.
So do Chinese.
英国人一周休息两天,中国
人也一样。
*
注意:当
so
放在句首只是对对方所陈述的内容表示肯定时,不用倒装。如:
“
Tom wants to complete
the important task.
”
“
So he
does.
”
“汤姆想完成那项重<
/p>
要的任务。
”
“他的确想。
”
(5)
虚拟条件句可以省略连同
p>
if
,把从句中的助动词
(were, s
hould/could/might
或
had)
移至主语前,形成部分倒装。如:
Had you
been (= If you had been ) here last night, you
would have met her.
如果
你昨晚来这里
的话,你就会见到她。
Be
any
person
(=
If
any
person
be)
guilty
of
a
crime,
the
court
shall
have
the
right
to appeal.
任何人犯罪,法院都有权上诉。
Were I you (=If I were
you)
,
I would go to look for
him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
(6)
a
s
和
though
引导的让步状语从句
通常用倒装结构,
as
必须用倒装结构,
though
可用
也可不用倒装。这种倒装通常是把从句中的
表语、状语或谓语动词放在句首。如:
Small as
it is, an atom can still be seen.
虽然小,原子还是能被看见。
Sick as/ though she was, she came to
work.
尽管她病了,她还是来上班了。
省略
为了避免重复、
突出新信息并使上下
文紧密连接,
英语中常常会省略。
以下为常考的几
种省略
(Ellipsis)
形式。
1
.
并列句中,如果后面句子和前面句子有相同的成分,往往都会省略,以避免重复。
p>
To some smile is very easy,
and to others (smile is) so hard.
对有些人而言笑一下
很容易,而对
另一些人而言则很困难。
I
guess Lisa will dance in the party but Jane won't
(dance in the party).
我认
为丽萨
会在聚会上跳舞,而简不会。
2.
复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复时从句的句尾部分可省掉。
Mary is going to sweep the floor
because Alice won't (sweep the floor).
因为爱丽
丝不打扫地板,
玛丽只好去打扫了。
He may
leave if he wishes to (leave).
如果他想走的话,他可以走。
3.
在以
if, when,
though, although, as, as if
等连词引导的从句中,如
从句中主要动
词是
be
,可将主语和动
词
be
省掉。
He is very good at dancing, though (he
is) very old.
虽然他年事已高,但他却
跳得非常棒。
when (he was) asked about the
advertising campaign of the new
product,
the manager
said it was a great success.
问及新产品的广告宣传时,经理称很成功。
This is an illness that can
result in total blindness left
untreated.
A. after B.
if C. since D. unless
译文:这种病如果得不到治疗,就会导致完全失明。
分析:如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且主动词为
be
,通常可省略从句的主语和系动
词。本题根据句意应选
B
。
此句完整形式为
This
is
an
illness
that
can
result
in
total
blindness if it is
left untreated.
4.
用
do, so, do so,
not
等替代旬中的一部分,构成省略。
(1) do
代替主动词。如:
Laura looks very happy. She always
used to do (= look very happy), I remember.
劳拉看起来很开心,我记得她以前也总是(看起来开心)
。
< br>
(2) do so
替代谓语结构,有时可以和
do that, do it
交替使用。如:
He
said
he
would
tell
me
the
news,
but
he
didn
’
t
do
so/
that/it
(=
tell
me
the
news).
他说要告诉我那条消息,但是他没有。
(本句中的
d
o so / that/ it
也可不要。
)