awfully英美文学选读要点总结精心整理下载版2

【英国】

C

hapter2 The Neoclassical Period(1660-1798)

新古典主义

1. In short, it was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values.

总之，这

一时期是矛盾与价值观分歧的时期。

2. The

eighteenth-century

England

is

also

known

as

the

Age

of

Enlightenment

or

the

Age of Rea son.

英国的十八世纪也同时是启蒙主义时代，或曰理性时代。

3. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern

philosophical and artistic ideas .

运动的主旨便是用当代哲学与艺术思想的晨光启迪整个世

界。

4. Enlighteners

held

that

rationality

or

reason

should

be

the

only,

the

final

cause

of any human thought and activities. They called for a reference to order, reason and

rules.

启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。他们大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。

5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizing,

became a very popular means of public education.

其实，当时 的文学作品种充满了说教与道

德理念，就已经成为大众教育的良好工具。

6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like

John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers

of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defoe, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry

Fielding

and

Samuel

Johnson.

英国 著名的启蒙主义文学家有约翰

.

德莱顿，亚历山大

.

蒲柏，约

瑟夫

.

艾迪森与理查

.

斯蒂尔（这两位是现代散文的先 驱），乔纳森

.

斯威夫特，丹尼尔

.< /p>

迪福，理

查

.B.

谢立丹，亨利

.

费尔丁和塞缪尔

.< /p>

约翰逊。

7. In

the

field

of

literature,

the

Enlightenment

Movement

brought

about

a

revival

of interest in the old classical works.

在文学领域，启蒙主义运动还使人们重新对 古典时

代的著作产生兴趣。

8. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained

emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to

humanity.

他们认为理想的艺 术应基于秩序，逻辑，确切及情感控制的基础上，而文学作品的价

值评判标准应该看它是 否为人文主义服务。

9. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art developed.

由此一种温文尔

雅，充满灵性的知识分子 文学艺术发展起来。

10. Neoclassicists

had

some

fixed

laws

and

rules

for

almost

every

genre

of

literature.

在几乎所有的文学形式中，新古典主义者们 都设定了创作的规矩与条框。

11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two

lines); the three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed;

regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather than

individuals

should

be

represented.

戏剧 必须用英雄体偶剧（抑扬五音步的押韵双行诗）写就；

时间，地点，事件三要素必须要遵 循；写作的规矩必须要遵守，而作品中的人物要代表一类人，

而不是个性化。

12. But it had a lasting wholesome influence upon English literature. (

套话

)

但 新古

典主义对英国文学史产生过持久的全面的影响。

13. The

poetic

techniques

and

certain

classical

graces

such

as

order,

good

form,

unified

structure, clarity and conciseness of language developed in this period have become a

permanent heritage .

在这一时期出现的诗歌技巧与古典气质，如秩序，优美的格式，统一的结

构，简明的语言都成为永恒的文学传统。

14. The mid-century was, however, predominated by a newly rising literary form---the

modern

English

novel,

which,

contrary

to

the

traditional

romance

of

aristocrats,

gives

a realistic presentation of life of the common English people.

十八世纪中叶，还兴起一

种崭新的文学形式

----

英国现代小说，

这种文学与传统贵族的骑士文学相 反，

着重描写英国普通

百姓的生活。

15. Among

the

pioneers

were

Daniel

Defoe,

Samuel

Richardson,

Henry

Fielding,

Laurence

Sterne,

Tobias

George

Smollett,

and

Oliver

Goldsmith.

英国现代小说的先驱有丹尼尔

.

迪福，

塞缪尔

.

理查德，亨利

.

费尔丁，劳伦斯

.

斯泰思，托比亚斯

.

斯摩莱特以及奥立弗

.

哥尔 斯密。

16. From the middle part to the end of the century there was also an apparent shift

of interest from the classic literary tradition to originality and imagination, from

society to individual, and from the didactic to the confessional, inspirational and

prophetic.

从十八世纪中叶至十八世纪末，还出现 了古典文学传统向独创性与丰富联想性的转

移，社会描写向个性描写的转移，说教向忏悔 ，鼓励及预示的转移。

17. Gothic novels---mostly stories of mystery and horr or.

哥特式小说

----

主要讲述恐 怖

神秘的故事。

18. Jonathan Swift

’

s A

Modest Proposal being generally regarded as the

best

model

of

satire, not only of the period but also in the whole English literary history.

乔 纳森

.

斯威夫特的《一个小小的建议》被公认为英国文学史上讽 刺作品的经典。

(I)John Bunyan

约翰

.

班扬

19. As a stout Puritan, he had made a conscientious study of the Bible and firmly

believed

in

salvation

through

spiritual

struggle.

作为一个坚定的清教徒，他认真学习《圣

经》，并深信人一定能通过精神上的奋斗得 到拯救。

20. he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pleasure

of reading his novel and to relive the experience of his characters.

他的语言具体生动，

情节鲜明 真实，连没受过教育的人也能享受到阅读他的作品的乐趣。

21. Bunyan

’

s other works include Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners, The Life

and Death of , The Holy War and The Pilgrim

’

s Progress, Part II.

班扬其他的

作品还有《 罪人头目的赦免》，《拜得门先生生死录》，《圣战》以及《天路历程》第二部

22. The Vanity Fair.

名利场（节选《天路历程》第一部）

The

Pilgrim

’

s

Progress

is

the

most

successful

religious

allegory

in

the

English

language.

Its

purpose

is

to

urge

people

to

abide

by

Christian

doctrines

and

seek

salvation

through

constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils.

《天路历

程》

是英文作品中最成功的宗教寓言。