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高三英语词法
He had
little idea that it was getting so late, did he?
为什么不用
was
it?
什么时候小分句与从句的动词对应？
< br>请参看下面的第
11
条规则。
-He had little idea that it was getting
so late, did he?
-Yes.
此回答表示
yes, he
had little idea
吗？
不是。
Yes, he
did.
不，
他知道。补全应是：
Yes, he knew that
it was getting so late.
如果用
No
回答则是：
No, he had little idea
that it was getting so late.
(
是的
)
小议反意疑问句（附加问句）
Question Tags
or Tag QFuestions
附加问句是指跟在叙述句或祁使句之后的短问句
.
是由“助动词
+
主语”构成。构成要点
分述如下：
1.
叙述句。
Mr Lee
lives
here,
doesn
’
t
he
? / Mary is coming tomorrow,
isn
’
t
she
?
You
had better change your wet shoes,
hadn’
t
you?
(
注意
had better
的附加
问句
形式是：
hadn
’
t +
主语
)
People
shouldn
’
t
tell a lie unless
it
’
s necessary,
should they?
You
couldn
’
t lend me your car,
could
you? (or I suppose?)
You don
’
t
know of any houses for rent anywhere
round here,
do you
?
2.
前者是肯定时后者用否定，前者
是否定时后者用肯定。所谓否定，不限于动词部分有否
定的字
n
ot,
只要有
no, no one, none,
neither, nobody, nothing,
few, little, hardly, scarcely,
barely,
rarely,
seldom
等否定的字都视为否定，后者都改用肯定。如：
He has
few
good
reasons for doing so,
has
he?
You have very
little
time for writing,
have
you?
He
seldom
gives
his wife a present,
does
he?
You
’
ve
hardly
slept at all this week,
have
you?
Nobody
came while I was out,
did
they
?
3.
前后的助动词必须相同，前者若无助动词，后者则用
do
/does/did
。如：
You
must
obey your parents,
mustn
’
t
you?
(
例外
)
前者若是
used
to
（表示过去的习惯）
，后者虽可用
usedn
’
t,
但口语中通常都用
didn
’
t.
如：
You
used to
have
a picture on that wall,
didn
’
t
(or
usedn
’
t
) you?
4.
前者的动词是
have/ has
/had
而含义是“有”时，后者仍可用
have /has
/had,
但是美语中
常用
do
/does/did;
如果含义不是“有”
，一律用
do
/does/did
。如：
He
has
a good
memory,
hasn
’
t
(or
doesn
’
t
) he?
You
had
( =
received) a letter from home this morning,
didn’t
you? (
不可以用
hadn
’
t
you?)
Your
father
has
(=
takes
=eats)
bread
and
milk
for
breakfast,
doesn’t
he?(
不可以用
hasn
’
t
he?)
5.
前者若是
“
I am
< br>”
，
后者在正式的场合用
“
am I not?
“，
在非正式的口语中
则用
”
aren
’
t I?
”
。
如：
I am late, am I not (or
aren
’
t I)?
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6.
前者和后者的时态必须相同。如：
Your mother played the piano
wonderfully, didn
’
t she?
7.
前者的主语若是
nothing,
anything,
something,
everything,
或是指非人的
all,
或是非指
人的指示代词
that,
this,
由于后者的主语必须时人称代词，若以一律用
it
。如：
Nothing
can stop our going,
can
it?
All
we want is peace and
prosperity, isn
’
t
it
?
That
was the
last bus,
wasn’t
it?
8.
前者的主语若是
no one, none,
neither, nobody, anybody, anyone,
或是指人时的
all, these,
those,
后者的主语都用
the
y
。
如：
Nobody
should drop litter on
pavements, should
they
?
No one
would object, would
they?
Neither
of them complained, did
they?
Those
over there are your
students,
aren’t
they?
9.
前者的主语是句子或短语时，后
者的主语用
it
。如：
What she said
was not
believable, was
it?
Being idle
is the cause of
his failure,
isn’t
it?
10.
前者的主语部位是
there
时后者的主语部分仍用
there
。
如：
There
won
’
t be any trouble, will
there
?
There
’
s no one
else in the room, is
there?
11.
原则上，复句之后的附加问句是和主句一致，与从句无关。如：
She said
her husband had
gone abroad
,
didn’t
she?
People shouldn’
t
tell a lie unless it is necessary,
should they?
(
例外<
/p>
)
主句是
(
第一
人称
)
I
suppose /
think / consider / believe / imagine / guess
时，
附加问
句要以名词从句谓依据。如：
I suppose he ought to
have known that
,
oughtn
’
t he?
I
don’
t suppose
anyone will
volunteer
, will they?
12.
祁使句
A.
表示邀请的祁使句之后的附加问句用
”
won
’
t you
”
?
Sit down,
won’t
you? / Do sit down,
won
’
t you?
Have a
cup of tea, won
’
t
you?
B.
表示请求可用
“
will you? would
you ? can you ? could
you?
”
Give me a hand, will you?
Open a window, would you?
Get me some stamps, can (or could) you?
C.
祁使句之后用
can
’
t
you?
是表示“很不耐烦“的意思。如：
Be quiet, can
’
t
you?
Shut up,
can
’
t you?
D.
Let
’
s start early, shall we
(or okay)?
Let
’
s go home,
shall we?
E.
Don
’
t touch him, will you?
Don
’
t forget,
will you?
情态动词与
have
done
或
do (be)
连用，表
示猜测或虚拟时，附加问句不能用
情态动词构成，而应看原来的句子应该用什麽时态的对
应助动词构成。如：
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