piety英美文学重要笔记.精华版doc

英美文学重要笔记，精华版，流泪推荐！

Old English 450-1066

Medieval English 1066 - middle 14th century

Geoffrey Chaucer

乔叟

- the father of English poetry

英国诗歌

之父

坎特伯雷故事集

> first time to use

'heroic couplet'

英雄偶句诗

The Renaissance - rebirth or revival

Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity

尊严

of

human being & the importance of the present life

Edmund Spenser - the poets' poet

诗人中的诗人

仙后

Christopher

Marlowe

-

University

Wits

大学才子最有才华的

,

the pioneer of English drama

英国戏剧先驱

Blank verse,

无韵体诗

hyperbole

夸张

Faustus

浮士德博士的悲剧

>

the

human

passion

for

knowledge, power and happiness

Passionate

Shepherd

to

His < /p>

Love

激情牧人致心爱的姑

娘

> pastoral life

田园生活

William

Shakespeare

-

above

all

writers

in

the

past

and

in

the

present time

Four

tragedies

-

Hamlet,

哈姆雷特

Othello

奥赛罗

,

King

Lear

李尔王

& Macbeth

麦克白

18

第十八号十四行诗

>

eternal

or

immortal

不朽的

beauty

威尼斯商人

> to praise the friendship

between

Antonio

and

Bassanio,

to

idealize

Portia

a

heroine

of

great beauty, wit and loyalty

忠诚

, to expose the insatiable

贪得

无厌 的，不知足的

greed and brutality

无情

hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action,

too

sophisticated

复杂的

to

degrade

降低

his

nature

to

the

conventional role of a stage revenger

To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or

to take action

Soliloquy

独白

or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of

the characters

Francis

Bacon

- < /p>

brevity,

简

洁

< br>

compactness

紧

密

&

powerfulness,

强有力

his

essays

is

an

important

landmark

in

the

development

of

English prose

英国散文发展的重要里程碑

Inductive

method

归纳法

in

place

of

取代

deductive

method

演绎法

论读书

> uses and benefits of study - studies serve

for delight, for ornament,

装饰

and for ability.

Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience.

Different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies

不

同的人有不同的阅读方法

-

studies and experience are complementary

互补

to each other.

The correct attitude to reading books - to weigh and consider.

权

衡和思考

How studies exert

施以影响

influence over human character -

reading

maketh

a

full

man

读书使人完美

,

conference

a

ready

man, and writing an exact man.

John Donne

metaphysical poetry

玄学诗歌

- break away from love poetry, a

seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and

a free range of feelings and moods

syllogism

三段论

升引的太阳

> the busy sun is always ready to

interfere with

干涉

other things and everywhere

死神，休得狂妄

whatever you are, you

can not escape from death. When you are living, you are always

in the shadow of death. Death only lasts a moment, our life after

death is eternal. The more pleasure the death gives people, not

only

the

pleasure

of

the

rest

&

the

sleep,

because

'whom

the

gods

love

die

young'.

Though

death

is

usually

considered

powerful, it actually provides a rest for a man's body and a birth

for his soul.

John Milton

Lost

失乐园

>

the

only

generally

acknowledged

epic

in English literature since Beowulf.

继贝奥武夫之后唯一的一

部公 认的英国文学中的史诗

The

conflict

is

between

human

love and spiritual duty. In heaven, Satan led a rebellion against

God with his unconquerable

压制不了的

will.

复乐园

力士参孙

the most perfect example of the

verse drama after the Greek style in English.

古希腊诗剧体在

英文中的完美体现

Neoclassicism

新古典主义

-

a

revival

of

interest

in

the

old

classical

works,

order,

logic,

restrained

emotion

抑制情感

&

accuracy

准确

Enlightenment

-

a

progressive

进步的

intellectual

movement,

reason (rationality), equality & science

Gothic novel

哥特式小说

- mystery, horror & castles

John Bunyan

名利场

> from

天路历

程

>, a religious allegory

宗教寓言

, pursue the truth

追求真理

Alexander Pope

Essay

on

Criticism

论批评

>

a

poem

written

in

heroic

couplets

英雄偶句诗

,

criticize

the

present

poem

lack

of

true

taste

&

call

on

people

to

turn

to

the

old

Greek

and

Roman

writers

for

guidance,

'true

wit'

is

best

set

in

a

plain

(simple

&

clear) style.

Daniel

Defoe

-

the

first

writer

study

of

the

lower-class

people

Crusoe

鲁滨孙漂流记

>,

praise

the

human

labor and the Puritan fortitude

清教徒坚韧

Jonathan Swift - a master satirist

讽刺大师

In

his

opinion,

human

nature

is

seriously

and

permanently

flawed

有缺陷的

Proper words in proper places

在恰当的地方用恰当的词

一个温和的建议

, four parts - Lilliput

小人国

, Brobdingnag,

大人国

Flying Island

飞岛国

& Houyhnhnm

慧驷国

Henry Fielding - Father of English novel,

英国小说之父

Prose Homer

荷马散文

Comic epic in prose

散文体喜剧史诗

弃儿汤姆琼斯传

>

Samuel

Johnson

-

first

combine

an

English

dictionary,

last

neoclassicist enlightener

英文大辞典

>

致切斯特菲

尔勋爵的信

< br>

Richard

Brinsley

Sheridan

-

the

only

important

English

dramatist of the 18th century

英国十八世纪唯一一位重要戏剧

家< /p>

情敌

and

造谣学校

are

regarded

as

important

links

between

the

masterpieces

of

Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.< /p>

上承莎士比亚，

下接萧

伯纳

Thomas Gray

The Graveyard School

墓地诗歌派

写在教堂墓地的挽歌

Romantic - emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change

from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of

the

human

spirit,

poetry

should

be

free

from

all

rules,

imagination, nature, commonplace

The romantic period began with the publication of Wordsworth

and Coleridge's

抒情歌谣集

>

William Blake -engraver

雕刻家

Chimney

Sweeper

扫烟囱的小男孩

>

from

of

Innocence

天真之歌

>

a

happy

and

innocence

world

from

children's eye

Chimney

Sweeper>

from

of

Experie nce

经验之

歌

> a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression

压制

with a melancholy

忧郁的

tone from men eyes

Childhood, paradoxes

悖论

, a pairing of opposites

老虎

William Wordsworth - the leading figure of the English romantic

poetry,

simple,

spontaneous,

worshipper

of

nature

自然崇拜者

'Lake

Poets'

湖畔诗人

-

William

Wordsworth,

Samuel

Taylor

Coleridge & Robert Southey

He defines the poet as a 'man speaking to

men', and poetry as

'the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates

in 'emotion recollected in tranquillity'.

我如行云独自游

> the poet is

very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on

the

beauty

of

nature,

the

reader

is

presented

a

vivid

picture

of

lively and lovely daffodils

水仙

and poet's philosophical ideas

and mystical

神秘的

thoughts.

upon

Westminster

Bridge

威

敏

斯

特

桥

即

景

,

September

3,

1802>

the

sonnet

describes

a

vivid

picture

of

a

beautiful morning in London, silent, bright, glittering

闪闪发光

的

, smokeless & mildly

柔和的

. It is so touching a sight that the

poet expressed his religion piety

虔诚

for nature.

独自幽居

Solitary

Reaper

孤独的收割女

>

thanks

to

poet's

rich

imagination,

the

mass

of

associations,

this

commonplace

happening

becomes

a

striking

event,

the

poet

succeeds

in

making the reader's share his emotion. The poem also shows the

poet's passionate love of nature.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge - supernatural,

超自然

remote

Poet

can

be

divided

into

two

groups

-

the

demonic

魔力诗

(supernatural) & the conversational

对话诗

The demonic group includes 3 masterpieces -

Ancient

Mariner

古航海家之歌

>, < /p>

克里斯特贝尔

>,

忽必烈汗

George Gordon Byron

'Byronic hero' is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin,

against tyrannical

暴君的

rules or moral principles. Such a hero

appears first in

哈罗尔德游记

.

路德党之歌

> 'will die fighting, or live

free' the Luddites destroyed the machines in their protest against

unemployment.

The

poet's

great

sympathy

of

the

workers

in

their struggle against the capitalists is clearly shown.

Isles

of

Greece

哀希腊

>

from

Juan

唐璜

>

(the

masterpiece of Byron, a long satirical poem

讽刺诗

), song by a

Greek singer at the wedding of Don Juan and Haidee.

'Fill high the bowl with Samian wine'?

Percy Bysshe Shelley

致英格兰人民

to

the

West

Wind

西风颂

>

terza

rima

三行诗节押韵法

,

destructive-constructive potential, hopeful,

对春天的渴望，和对未来美好世界的憧憬

'I

fall

upon

the

thorns

of

life!

I

bleed!',

'If

Winter

comes,

can

Spring be far behind?'

John Keats

4 great odes -

忧郁颂

>,

Urn

希腊古瓮颂

>,

to

a

Nightingale

夜莺颂

>,

to

Psyche

普塞克颂

>

the contrast between the permanence

of art and the transience

短暂

of human passion,

'Heard

melodies

are

sweet,

but

those

unheard

are

sweeter',

'Beauty is truth, truth beauty'

Jane Austen

骄傲与偏见

The Victorian Period

Darwin's

物种起源

> and

of Man

人类的由来

> shook the traditional faith&everything is

created by God

Utilitarianism

功利主义

was widely accepted and practiced

Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common

people