敌人的英文英国政体

The

g

overnment of the United Kingdom

Britain

is

both

a

constitutional

monarchy

and

a

parliamentary

democracy.

It is

arguably the oldest representative gh

the official head of the state is the Queen, the country is actually run by

the government. The government at national and local level is elected by

the people and governs according to British constitutional principles.

I

The Monarchy

The

Monarchy

is

the

oldest

institution

of

government

in

the

UK,

dating

back

to

the

Saxons.

In

1649

King

Charles

I

was

executed

and

Britain became a Republic for eleven years. The monarchy was restored

in 1660.

In a monarchy, a king or queen is Head of State. Today ,

Queen

Elizabeth II

plays different roles.

Firstly, she

primarily symbolizes the tradition and unity of the UK.

Secondly,

under

terms

of

Constitution,

she

is

the

head

of

the

executive, an integral part of the legislature, the head of the judiciary, the

commander in chief of the armed forces and the

“supreme governor” of

the Church of

England.

In addition, she also has a less well known role as a confidante to the

Prime Minister.

II

The Parliament

Parliament

was

first

used

officially

in

1236

，

to

describe

the

gathering of feudal barons and representatives from counties and towns

which the king occasionally summoned if he wanted to raise money.

The Great Council is a gathering of leading, wealthy barons which

met by the king several times a year, to give him some extra money.

By the 13th century, Kings found they could not make ends meet by

asking for money from this quite small group, and so they widened the

Great Council to include representatives

of counties, cities and towns, to

get them to contribute to his projects.

This became

the Parliament today

In

1688,Kin

g

James

II’s

daughter

and

her

husband

William

were

invited

by

the

politicians

and

church

authorities

to

take

the

throne,

on

condition that they would respect the rights of

Parliament.

The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would

never be able to ignore Parliament.

There are no legal restraints upon Parliament. However, it does not

assert its supremacy, but bears the common law in mind and acts

according to precedent.

Parliament

has

some

main

functions:

to

pass

laws;

to

provide

the

means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation; to

scrutinize government

policy,

administration

and

expenditure;

to debate

the major issues of the day.