dinosaurs-宝嘉丽
CHAPTER 5
LONG-RANGE
COMBATIVES
In
long-range
combatives,
the
distance
between
opponents
is
such
that
the
combatants
can
engage
one
another
with
fully
extended
punches
and
kicks
or
with handheld weapons,
such as rifles with fixed bayonets and clubs. As
in
medium-range
combatives,
a
fighter
must
continuously
monitor
his
available
body
weapons
and
opportunities
for
attack,
as
well
as
possible
defense
measures.
He must know when to increase the
distance from an opponent and when to
close the gap. The spheres of influence
that surround each fighter come into
contact in long-range combatives. (See
Chapter 6 for interval gaps and spheres
of
influence.)
Section 1
NATURAL
WEAPONS
The
and
feet. This section describes natural weapon
techniques of various
most
dangerous
natural
weapons
a
soldier
posseses
are
his
hands
punches, strikes, and
kicks and stresses aggressive tactics with which
to subdue an opponent.
5-1. EXTENDED ARM PUNCHES AND
STRIKES
Extended
arm
punches
and
strikes
in
long-
range
combatives,
like
those
in
medium-
range
combatives,
should
be
directed
at
vital
points
and
nerve
motor
points.
It
is
essential
to
put
the
entire
body
mass
in
motion
behind
long-range
strikes. Closing the distance to the
target gives the fighter an opportunity to take
advantage of this principle.
a.
In
extended
punches,
the
body
weapon
is
usually
the
fist,
although
the
fingers may be
used
—
for
example,
eye
gouging.
When
punching,
hold
the
fist
vertically or horizontally. Keep the
wrist straight to prevent injury and
use the
first two knuckles
in striking.
b.
Another
useful
variation
of
the
fist
is
to
place
the
thumb
on
top
of
the
vertical
fist
so
that
the
tip
protrudes
beyond
the
curled
index
finger
that
supports it. The thumb strike is
especially effective against soft
targets.
5-1
FM
21-150
5-2
Do not fully lock out the arm when
punching; keep a slight bend in the elbow
to prevent hyperextension if the
intended target is missed.
5-2. KICKS
Kicks
during
hand-to-hand
combat
are
best
directed
to
low
targets
and
should
be
simple
but
effective.
Combat
soldiers
are
usually
burdened
with
combat
boots
and
LCE. His flexibility level is usually low during
combat, and if
engaged in
hand-to-hand combat, he will be under
high stress. He must rely on gross motor
skills and kicks that do not require
complicated movement or much training and
practice to execute.
a.
Side Knee
Kick.
When an opponent
launches an attack
—
for
example,
with
a knife
(Figure 5-1, Step 1), it is most important for the
defender to first
move his
entire body off the line of attack as
the attacker moves in.
As
the
defender
steps
off
at
45
degrees
to
the
outside
and
toward
the
opponent, he strikes with a short punch
to the floating ribs (Figure 5-1,
Step
2).
Then
the
defender
turns
his
body
by
rotating
on
the
leading,
outside
foot
and
raises
the
knee
of
his
kicking
leg
to
his
chest.
He
then
drives
his
kick
into
the
side of
the
attacker’s
knee with his
foot turned 45 degrees outward
(Figure 5-1, Step 3). This angle makes
the most of the striking surface and
reduces his chances of missing the
target.
FM 21-150
5-3
FM 21-150
5-4
b.
Front Knee
Kick.
As the attacker moves
in, the defender immediately
shifts
off
the
line
of
attack
and
drives
his
kicking
foot
straight
into
the
knee
of
the
attacker
(Figure
5-2).
He
turns
his
foot
45
degrees
to
make
the
most
of
the striking surface
and
to reduce
the chances of
missing the target. If the
kick is done
right, the
attacker’s
advance
will
stop
abruptly,
and the
knee joint
will
break.
c.
Heel Kick to
Inside of Thigh.
The
defender
steps
45
degrees
outside
and toward the attacker to get off the
line of attack. He is now in a position
where he can drive his heel into the
inside of the
opponent’s
thigh (femoral
nerve) (Figure 5-3,
Steps 1 and 2). Either thigh can be targeted
because the
kick can still be executed
if the defender moves to the inside of the
opponent
rather than to the outside
when getting off the line of attack.
FM
21-150
5-5
FM 21-150
5-6
d.
Heel Kick to
Groin.
The defender drives a
heel kick into the
attacker’s
groin (Figure 5-4) with his full body
mass behind it. Since the groin is a soft
target, the toe can also be used when
striking it.
e.
Shin
Kick.
The shin kick is a
powerful kick, and it is easily performed
with
little
training.
When
the
legs
are
targeted,
the
kick
is
hard
to
defend
against
(Figure 5-5), and an opponent can be dropped by
it.
FM 21-150
5-7
FM 21-150
The
calves
and
common
peroneal
nerve (Figure 5-6)
are the best
striking
points.
The shin
kick can also be used
to
attack
the
floating
ribs
(Figure
5-7).
5-8
FM 21-150
f.
Stepping Side
Kick.
A
soldier
starts
a
stepping
side
kick
(Figure
5-8,
Step
1)
by
stepping
either
behind
or
in
front
of
his
other
foot
to
close
the
distance between him and
his opponent. The movement is like that in a
skip. The soldier now brings the knee
of his kicking foot up and thrusts out a
side
kick (Figure 5-8, Step
2). Tremendous power and momentum can
be
developed in this
kick.
5-9
FM 21-150
g.
Counter to Front Kick.
When the attacker tries a front kick,
the
defender
traps
the
kicking
foot
by
meeting
it
with
his
own
(Figure
5-9,
Step
1).
The defender turns his
foot 45 degrees outward to increase the likelihood
of
striking
the
opponen
t’s
kicking foot.
This
counter
requires
good timing
by
the defender, but not
necessarily speed. Do
not
look
at the feet; use your
peripheral vision.
When an attacker tries a
front kick (Figure 5-9, Step 2), the defender
steps
off the line of attack of the
incoming foot to the outside.
As the
attacker’s
kicking leg
begins to drop, the defender kicks upward into
the
calf
of
the
attacker’s
leg
(Figure
5-9,
Step
3).
This
kick
is
extremely
painful and will probably render the
leg ineffective. This technique does not
rely on the
defender’s
speed, but on
proper timing.
The defender can also kick to an
opponent’s
kicking leg by
moving off the line
of
attack
to
the
inside
and
by
using
the
heel
kick
to
the
inside
of
the
thigh
or
groin
(Figure 5-9, Step 4).
5-10
FM 21-150
5-11
FM 21-150
5-12
h.
Counter
to
Roundhouse-Type
Kick.
When an
opponent prepares to
attack with a
roundhouse-type kick (Figure 5-10, Step 1), the
defender moves
off the line of attack
by stepping to the inside of the knee of the
kicking leg.
He
then
turns
his
body
to
receive
the
momentum
of
the
leg
(Figure
5-10,
Step 2). By moving to the inside of the
knee, the defender lessens the power
of
the
attacker’s
kicking leg. The harder the attacker kicks, the
more likely
he is
to
hyperextend
his
own
knee
against
the
body
of
the
defender,
but
the
defender will not be
harmed. However, the defender must get to the
inside
of
the knee, or an
experienced opponent can change his roundhouse
kick into
a
knee
strike.
The
defender
receives
the
energy
of
the
kicking
leg
and
continues turning with
the momentum of the kick.
The attacker will be taken down by the
defender’s
other leg with no
effort
(Figure 5-10, Step
3).
FM 21-150
5-13
FM 21-150
i.
Kick as a Defense Against
Punch.
As the opponent on
the left throws
a punch (Figure 5-11,
Step 1), the defender steps off the line of attack
to the
outside.
He then turns toward the opponent,
brings his knee to his chest, and launches
a
heel
kick
to
the
outside
of
the
opponent’s
thigh
(Figure
5-11,
Step
2).
He
keeps his foot turned 45 degrees to
ensure striking the target and to maintain
balance.
5-14
Section II
DEFENSIVE TECHNIQUES
A knife (or bayonet),
properly employed, is a deadly
weapon;
however, using
defensive techniques, such as maintaining
separation,
will greatly enhance the
soldier’s
ability to fight
and win.
5-3.
DEFENSE AGAINST AN ARMED
OPPONENT
An unarmed defender
is always at a distinct disadvantage facing an
armed
opponent.
It
is
imperative
therefore
that
the
unarmed
defender
understand
and use the following principles to
survive:
a.
Separation.
Maintain a separation of at least 10
feet plus the length of
the weapon from
the attacker. This distance gives the defender
time to
react
to any
attempt
by
the
attacker to
close
the gap
and
be
upon
the defender.
The
defender should also try to place
stationary objects between himself and the
attacker.
b.
Unarmed
Defense.
Unarmed defense
against an armed opponent
should be a
last resort. If it is necessary, the
defender’s
course of action
includes:
of attack or
redirect the attack of the weapon so that it
clears the body.
(1)
Move the body out of the line of attack
of the weapon.
Step off the
line
(2)
Control the weapon.
Maintain control of the
attacking arm by securing
the weapon,
hand, wrist, elbow, or arm by using joint locks,
if possible.
(3)
Stun the attacker with an effective
counterattack.
Counterattack
should
be swift and
devastating. Take the vigor out of the attacker
with a low,
unexpected
kick,
or
break
a
locked
joint
of
the
attacking
arm.
Strikes
to
motor nerve centers are effective
stuns, as are skin tearing, eye gouging, and
attacking
of
the
throat.
The
defender
can
also
take
away
the
attacker’s
balance.
(4)
Ground the
attacker.
Take the attacker
to the ground where the
defender can
continue to disarm or further disable
him.
(5)
Disarm
the
attacker.
Break
the
attacker’s
locked
joints.
Use
leverage
or
induce pain to disarm the attacker and finish him
or to maintain physical
control.
c. Precaution.
Do
not focus full attention on the weapon because the
attacker has other body weapons to use.
There may even be other attackers
that
you have not seen.
d.
Expedient
Aids.
Anything
available can become an expedient aid to
defend
against
an
armed
attack.
The
kevlar
helmet
can
be
used
as
a
shield;
similarly, the LCE and shirt jacket can
be used to protect the defender against
a
weapon.
The
defender
can
also
throw
dirt
in
the
attacker’s
eyes
as
a
distraction.
FM
21-150
5-15
FM 21-150
5-4.
ANGLES OF ATTACK
Any attack, regardless of the type
weapon, can be directed along one of nine
angles (Figure 5-12). The defense must
be oriented for each angle of attack.
5-16
a.
No. 1 Angle of Attack.
A downward diagonal slash, stab, or
strike
toward the left side of the
defender’s
head, neck, or
torso.
b.
No. 2 Angle of Attack.
A downward diagonal slash, stab, or
strike
toward the right side of the
defender’s
head, neck, or
torso.
c.
No.
3 Angle of Attack
A horizontal attack to the left side of
the
defender’s
torso in the ribs, side, or hip region.
d.
No. 4 Angle of
Attack.
The same as No. 3
angle, but to the right side.
e.
No. 5 Angle of
Attack.
A jabbing, lunging,
or punching attack directed
straight toward the
defender’s
front.
f.
No. 6 Angle of
Attack.
A
n attack
directed straight down upon the
defender.
g.
No. 7 Angle of
Attack.
An upward diagonal
attack toward the
defender’s
lower
-left side.
h.
No. 8 Angle of
Attack.
An upward diagonal
attack toward the
defender’s
lower-right
side.
i.
No. 9 Angle of
Attack.
An attack directed
straight up
—
for example, to
the
defender’s
groin.
5-5. DEFENSE AGAINST
A KNIFE
When an unarmed
soldier is faced with an enemy armed with a knife,
he must
be mentally prepared to be cut.
The likelihood of being cut severely is less if
the
fighter
is
well
trained
in
knife
defense
and
if
the
principles
of
weapon
defense
are followed. A slash wound is not usually lethal
or shock inducing;
however, a stab
wound risks injury to vital organs, arteries, and
veins and may
also cause instant shock
or unconsciousness.
a.
Types of Knife
Attacks.
The first line of
defense against an opponent
armed with
a knife is to avoid close contact. The different
types of knife
attacks
follow:
(1)
Thrust.
The
thrust is the most common and most dangerous type
of
knife attack. It is a strike
directed straight into the target by jabbing or
lunging.
(2)
Slash.
The slash
is a sweeping surface cut or circular slash. The
wound is usually a long cut, varying
from a slight surface cut to a deep
gash.
(3)
Flick.
This
attack is delivered by flicking the wrist and
knife to
extended limbs, inflicting
numerous
cuts. The flick is
very distractive to the
defender since he is bleeding from
several cuts if the attacker is
successful.
(4)
Tear.
The tear is
a cut made by dragging the tip of the blade across
the body to create a ripping-type
cut.
(5)
Hack.
The hack is
delivered by using the knife to block or chop
with.
(6)
Butt.
The butt is
a strike with the knife handle.
FM 21-150
5-17
FM 21-150
b.
Knife Defense Drills.
Knife
defense
drills are
used to
familiarize
soldiers
with
defense
movement techniques
for
various
angles
of
attack.
For
training,
the
soldiers
should
be
paired
off;
one
partner
is
named
as
the
attacker
and one is the
defender. It is important that the attacker make
his
attack
realistic
in
terms
of
distance
and
angling
during
training.
His
strikes
must
be
accurate
in
hitting
the
defender
at
the
intended
target
if
the
defender
does not defend himself or move off the
line of attack. For safety, the attacks
are
delivered
first
at
one-
quarter
and
one-half
speed,
and
then
at
three-quarter
speed
as
the
defender
becomes
more
skilled.
Variations
can
be
added by changing grips, stances, and
attacks.
(1)
No. 1 angle of
defense
—
heck and
lift.
The
attacker
delivers
a
slash
along the
No. 1 angle of attack. The defender meets and
checks the
movement with his left
forearm bone, striking the inside forearm of the
attacker (Figure 5-13, Step
1).
The
defender’s
right
hand immediately follows behind the
strike to lift,
redirect, and take
control of the
attacker’s
knife arm (Figure 5-13, Step 2).
The
defender brings the attacking arm around to his
right side where he can
use an arm bar,
wrist lock, and so forth, to disarm the attacker
(Figure 5-13,
Step 3).
He will have better control
by keeping the knife hand as close to his body as
possible (Figure 5-13, Step
4).
5-18
FM 21-150
5-19
FM 21-150
5-20
(2)
No. 2 angle
of defense
—
check and
ride.
The
attacker
slashes
with
a
No.
2
angle
of
attack.
The
defender
meets
the
attacking
arm
with
a
strike
from
both
forearms
against
the
outside
forearm,
his
bone
against
the
attacker’s
muscle tissue
(Figure 5-14, Step 1).
The strike checks the forward momentum
of the attacking arm. The
defender’s
right hand is
then used to ride the attacking arm clear of his
body
(Figure 5-14, Step
2).
He redirects
the
attacker’s
energy with
strength starting from the right elbow
(Figure 5-14, Step 3).
FM
21-150
5-21
FM 21-150
5-22
horizontal slash to the
(3)
No. 3 angle
of defense
defender’s
—
check and lift.
ribs, kidneys, or
hip on the left side
The
attacker delivers a
(Figure
5-15, Step 1). The defender meets and
checks the attacking arm on
the left side of his body with a
downward circular motion across the front of
his own body.
At the same time, he moves his body off
the line of attack. He should meet
the
attacker’s
forearm with a
strike forceful enough to check its
momentum
(Figure
5-15,
Step
2).
The
defender
then
rides
the
energy
of
the
attacking
arm by wiping downward along the
outside of his own left forearm with his
right hand.
He then redirects the knife hand around
to his right side where he can control
or disarm the weapon (Figure 5-15, Step
3).
FM 21-150
5-23
FM 21-150
(4)
No. 4 angle of
defense
—
check.
The attacker slashes the defender with
a
backhand slashing motion
to the right side at the ribs, kidneys, or hips.
The
defender moves his right arm in a
downward circular motion and strikes the
attacking arm on the outside of the
body (Figure 5-16, Step 1).
At the same time, he moves off the line
of attack (Figure 5-16, Step 2). The
strike must be forceful enough to check
the attack.
The left arm is held in a higher guard
position to protect from a redirected
attack or to assist in checking (Figure
5-16, Step 3).
The defender
moves his body to a position where he can choose a
proper
disarming maneuver (Figure 5-16,
Step 4).
5-24
FM
21-150
5-25
FM 21-150
(5)
Low No. 5 angle of
defense
–
parry.
A lunging thrust to the stomach is
made by the attacker along the No. 5
angle of attack (Figure 5-17, Step 1).
The defender moves his body off the
line of attack and deflects the attacking
arm by parrying with his left hand
(Figure 5-17, Step 2). He deflects the
attacking hand toward his right side by
redirecting it with his right hand.
As he does this, the
defender can strike downward with the left forearm
or
the wrist onto the forearm or wrist
of the attacker (Figure 5-17, Step 3).
The defender ends up in a
position to lock the elbow of the attacking arm
across his body if he steps off the
line of attack properly (Figure 5-17, Step
4).
5-26
FM
21-150
5-27
FM 21-150
5-28
(6)
High No. 5
angle of defense.
The
attacker lunges with a thrust to the
face, throat, or solar plexus (Figure
5-18, Step 1).
The defender moves his body off the
line of attack while parrying with either
hand. He redirects the attacking arm so
that the knife clears his body
(Figure 5-18, Step 2).
He maintains control of the
weapon hand or arm and gouges the eyes of the
attacker,
driving
him
backward
and
off
balance
(Figure
5-18,
Step
3).
If
the
attacker
is
much
taller
than
the
defender,
it
may
be
a
more
natural
movement
for the defender to
raise his left hand to strike and deflect the
attacking arm.
He can then gouge his
thumb or fingers into the jugular notch of the
attacker
and force him to the
ground.
Still
another possibility for a high No. 5 angle of
attack is for the defender to
move his
body off the line of attack while parrying. He can
then turn his body,
rotate his shoulder
under the elbow joint of the attacker, and lock it
out
(Figure 5-18, Step
4).
FM 21-150
5-29
FM 21-150
(7)
No. 6 angle of defense.
The attacker strikes straight downward
onto
the defender with a stab (Figure
5-19, Step 1).
The defender reacts by moving his body
out of the
weapon’s
path and
by
parrying or checking and redirecting
the attacking arm, as the movement in
the high No. 5 angle of defense (Figure
5-19, Step 2). The reactions may vary
as to what is natural for the
defender.
The defender then
takes control of the weapon and disarms the
attacker
(Figure 5-19, Step
3).
5-30
c.
Follow-Up
Techniques.
Once
the instructor believes the soldiers are
skilled
in
these
basic
reactions
to
attack,
follow-up
techniques
may
be
introduced
and
practiced.
These
drills
make
up
the
defense
possibilities
against the
various angles of attack. They also enable the
soldier to apply the
principles of
defense against weapons and allow him to feel the
movements.
Through
repetition,
the
reactions
become
natural,
and
the
soldier
instinctively reacts
to a
knife attack
with the
proper
defense. It is important
not
to
associate
specific
movements
or
techniques
with
certain
types
of
attack.
The knife fighter must
rely
on his knowledge of principles and his training
experience
in
reacting
to
a
knife
attack.
No
two
attacks
or
reactions
will
be
the same; thus, memorizing techniques
will not ensure a
soldier’s
survival.
(1)
Defend and clear.
When
the
defender
has
performed
a
defensive
maneuver
and
avoided
an
attack,
he
can
push
the
attacker
away
and
move
out of the
attacker’s
reach.
(2)
Defend and
stun.
After the
defender performs his first defensive
maneuver
to
a
safer
position,
he
can
deliver
a
stunning
blow
as
an
immediate
counterattack.
Strikes
to
motor
nerve
points
or
attacker’s
limbs,
low
kicks,
and
elbow strikes are especially effective stunning
techniques.
(3)
Defend
and
disarm.
The
defender
also
follows
up
his
first
defensive
maneuver by maintaining control of the
attacker’s
weapon arm,
executing a
stunning
technique,
and
disarming
the
attacker.
The
stun
distracts
the
attacker
and
also
gives
the
defender
some
time
to
gain
possession
of
the
weapon and to execute his disarming
technique.
5-6. UNARMED
DEFENSE AGAINST A RIFLE
WITH FIXED
BAYONET
Defense
against
a
rifle
with
a
fixed
bayonet
involves
the
same
principles
as
knife defense. The soldier considers
the same angles of attack and the proper
response for any attack along each
angle.
a. Regardless of the
type weapon used by the enemy, his attack will
always
be along one of the nine angles
of attack at any one time. The soldier must
get his entire body off the line of
attack by moving to a safe position. A rifle
with a fixed bayonet has two weapons: a
knife at one end and a butt stock at
the other end. The soldier will be safe
as long as he is not in a position where
he can be struck by either end during
the attack.
b. Usually, he
is in a more advantageous position if he moves
inside the
length
of
the
weapon.
He
can
then
counterattack
to
gain
control
of
the
situation
as
soon
as
possible.
The
following
counterattacks
can
be
used
as
defenses against a rifle with a fixed
bayonet; they also provide a good basis
for
training.
FM 21-150
5-31
FM 21-150
(1)
Unarmed defense against No. 1 angle of
attack.
The attacker
prepares
to slash along the No. 1 angle
of attack (Figure 5-20, Step 1).
The
defender
waits
until
the
last
possible
moment
before
moving so he
is
certain
of
the
angle
along
which
the
attack
is
directed
(Figure
5-20,
Step
2).
This way, the attacker cannot change
his attack in response to movement by
the defender.
When
the
defender
is
certain
that
the
attack
is
committed
along
a
specific
angle (No. 1, in
this case), he moves to the inside of the attacker
and gouges
his eyes (Figure 5-20, Step
2) while the other hand redirects and controls the
weapon.
He
maintains
control
of
the
weapon
and
lunges
his
entire
body
weight
into
the
eye
gouge
to
drive
the
attacker
backward
and
off
balance.
The
defender now ends up
with the weapon, and the attacker is in a poor
recovery
position (Figure 5-20, Step
3).
5-32
FM 21-150
5-33
FM 21-150
(2)
Unarmed defense against No. 2 angle of
attack.
The attacker makes a
diagonal slash along the No. 2 angle of
attack (Figure 5-21, Step 1). Again,
the defender waits until he is sure of
the attack before moving.
The defender then moves to the outside
of the attacker and counterattacks
with
a thumb jab into the right armpit (Figure 5-21,
Step 2). He receives the
momentum of
the attacking weapon and controls it with his free
hand.
He uses
the
attacker’s
momentum
against him by pulling the weapon in the
direction it is going with one hand and
pushing with his thumb of the other
hand
(Figure
5-21,
Step
3).
The
attacker
is
completely
off
balance,
and
the
defender can gain control of the
weapon.
5-34
FM 21-150
5-35
FM 21-150
(3)
Unarmed
defense against No. 3 angle of attack.
The attacker directs a
horizontal slash along the No. 3 angle
of attack (Figure 5-22, Step 1).
The defender turns and moves to the
inside of the attacker; he then strikes
with his thumb into the jugular notch
(Figure 5-22, Step 2).
His
entire
body
mass
is
behind
the
thumb
strike
and,
coupled
with
the
incoming
momentum
of
the
attacker,
the
strike
drives
the
attacker’s
head
backward and takes his balance (Figure
5-22, Step 3).
The defender
turns his body with the momentum of the
weapon’s
attack to
strip the weapon from the
attacker’s
grip (Figure
5-22, Step 4).
5-36
FM 21-150
(4)
Unarmed
defense against No. 4 angle of attack.
The attack is a
horizontal
slash along the No. 4 angle of attack (Figure
5-23, Step 1).
The defender
moves into the outside of the attacker (Figure
5-23, Step 2).
He
then turns
with the attack, delivering an elbow strike to the
throat
(Figure
5-23,
Step
3).
At
the
same
time,
the
defender’s
free
hand
controls
the
weapon and pulls it from the attacker as he is
knocked off balance from
the elbow
strike.
5-37
FM 21-150
(5)
Unarmed defense against low No. 5 angle
of attack.
The attacker
thrusts
the bayonet at the stomach of
the defender (Figure 5-24, Step 1).
The defender shifts his
body to the side to avoid the attack and to gouge
the
eyes of the attacker (Figure 5-24,
Step 2).
The
defender’s
free hand
maintains control of and strips the weapon from
the
attacker as he is driven backward
with the eye gouge (Figure 5-24, Step
3).
5-38
FM
21-150
(6)
Unarmed defense against high No. 5
angle of attack.
The
attacker
delivers a thrust
to the throat of the defender (Figure 5-25, Step
1).
The defender
then shifts to the side to avoid the attack,
parries the thrust, and
controls the
weapon with his trail hand (Figure 5-25, Step
2).
He then
shifts his entire body mass forward over the lead
foot, slamming a
forearm strike into
the
attacker’s
throat
(Figure 5-25, Step 3).
5-39
FM 21-150
(7)
Unarmed defense against No 6 angle of
attack.
The attacker
delivers a
downward stroke along the
No. 6 angle of attack (Figure 5-26, Step
1).
The defender
shifts to the outside to get off the line of
attack and he grabs
the
weapon.
Then,
he
pulls
the
attacker
off
balance
by
causing
him
to
overextend himself (Figure 2-26, Step
2).
The defender
shifts his weight backward and causes the attacker
to fall, as he
strips the weapon from
him (Figure 5-26, Step 3).
.
5-40
5-7. ADVANCED WEAPONS TECHNIQUES AND
TRAINING
For advanced
training in weapons techniques, training partners
should have
the same skill level.
Attackers can execute attacks along multiple
angles of
attack in combinations. The
attacker must attack with a speed that offers the
defender a challenge, but does not
overwhelm him. It should not be a contest
to
see who can win, but a
training exercise for both individuals.
a.
Continued
training
in
weapons
techniques
will
lead
to
the
partners’
ability
to
engage
in
free-response
fighting
or
sparring
—
that
is,
the
individuals
become
adept
enough
to
understand
the
principles
of
weapons
attacks,
defense,
and
movements
so
they
can
respond
freely
when
attacking
or
defending from any angle.
b.
Instructors
must
closely
monitor
training
partners
to
ensure
that
the
speed
and
control
of
the
individuals
does
not
become
dangerous
during
advanced
training
practice.
Proper
eye
protection
and
padding
should
be
used,
when
applicable.
The
instructor
should
stress
the
golden
rule
in
free-response
fighting
—
Do unto others as
you would have them do unto you.
Section III
OFFENSIVE
TECHNIQUES
At ranges of 10
meters or more in most combat situations, small
arms
and grenades are the weapons of
choice. However, in some scenarios,
today’s
combat
soldier
must
engage
the
enemy
in
confined
areas,
such
as
trench clearing or room clearing where
noncombatants are present
or
when silence is necessary. In these
instances,
the
bayonet or
knife
may
be
the
ideal
weapon
to
dispatch
the
enemy.
Other
than
the
side
arm, the
knife is the most lethal weapon in close-quarter
combat.
5-8.
BAYONET/KNIFE
As
the
bayonet
is
an
integral
part
of
the
combat
soldier’s
equipment,
it
is
readily available for use as a
multipurpose weapon. The bayonet produces a
terrifying
mental
effect
on
the
enemy
when
in
the
hands
of
a
well-trained
and
confident soldier. The
soldier skilled in the use of the knife also
increases his
ability to defend against
larger opponents and multiple attackers. Both
these
skills increase his chances of
surviving and accomplishing the
mission.
(Although the
following
paragraphs
say
“knife,”
the information
also
applies
to
bayonets.)
a.
Grips.
The best
way to hold the knife is either with the straight
grip or
the reverse grip.
(1)
Straight
Grip.
Grip the knife in the
strong hand by forming a vee
and by
allowing the knife to fit naturally, as in
gripping for a handshake.
FM
21-150
5-41
FM 21-150
5-42
The
handle
should
lay
diagonally
across
the
palm.
Point
the
blade
toward
the
enemy,
usually
with
the
cutting
edge
down.
The
cutting
edge
can
also
be
held
vertically or horizontally to the
ground. Use the straight grip when thrusting
and slashing.
(2)
Reverse
Grip.
Grip
the
knife
with
the
blade
held
parallel
with
the
forearm,
cutting
edge
facing
outward.
This
grip
conceals
the
knife
from
the
enemy’s
view.
The
reverse
grip
also
affords
the
most
power
for
lethal
insertion. Use this
grip for slashing, stabbing, and
tearing.
b.
Stances.
The
primary stances are the knife
fighter’s
stance and the
modified stance.
(1)
Knife
fighter’
s
stance.
In
this
stance,
the
fighter
stands
with
his
feet
about
shoulder-
width
apart,
dominant
foot
toward the rear. About
70 percent of his weight is
on the front foot and 30
percent
on
the
rear
foot.
He
stands on the balls of
both
feet
and
holds
the
knife
with
the
straight
grip.
The
other
hand
is
held
close to his body where
(2)
Modified
stance.
The
difference
in
the
modified
stance is the knife
is held close
to
the
body
with
the
other
hand held close over
the knife
hand
to
help
conceal
it
(Figure
5-28).
c.
Range.
The two
primary
ranges
in
knife
fighting
are
long
range
and
medium
range.
In
long-range
knife
fighting,
attacks
consist
of
figure-eight
slashes along the No. 1, No. 2,
No.
7,
and
No.
8
angles
of
attack;
horizontal
slashes
along
the
No.
3
and
No.
4
angles
of
attack;
and
lunging
thrusts
to
vital
areas
on
the
No.
5
angle
of
attack.
Usually,
the
straight
grip
is
used.
In
medium-
range
knife
fighting,
the
reverse
grip
provides
FM
21-150
5-43
FM 21-150
5-44
5-9. KNIFE-AGAINST-KNIFE
SEQUENCE
The knife fighter
must learn to use all available weapons of his
body and not
limit
himself
to
the
knife.
The
free
hand
can
be
used
to
trap
the
enemy’s
hands
to
create
openings
in
his
defense.
The
enemy’s
attention
will
be
focused on the weapon; therefore, low
kicks and knee strikes will seemingly
come
from
nowhere.
The
knife
fighter’s
priority
of
targets
are
the
eyes,
throat,
abdominal
region,
and
extended
limbs.
Some
knife
attack
sequences
that can be used in training to help
develop
soldiers’
knowledge
of
movements, principles, and
techniques in knife fighting follow.
a.
Nos. 1 and 4
Angles.
Two opponents assume
the knife
fighter’s
stance
(Figure 5-29, Step
1).
The attacker
starts with a diagonal slash along the No. 1 angle
of attack to the
throat (Figure 5-29,
Step 2).
He
then
follows
through
with
a
slash
and
continues
with
a
horizontal
slash
back across the abdomen along the No. 4
angle of attack (Figure 5-29, Step 3).
He finishes the attack by using his
entire body mass behind a lunging stab into
the
opponent’s
solar plexus (Figure 5-29, Step 4).
FM 21-150
5-45
FM 21-150
b.
Nos. 5, 3, and 2 Angles.
In
this
sequence,
one
opponent
(attacker)
starts an attack with a lunge along the
No. 5 angle of attack. At the same time,
the other opponent (defender) on the
left moves his body off the line of attack,
parries the attacking arm, and slices
the biceps of his opponent (Figure 5-30,
Step 1).
The defender slashes back across the
groin along the No. 3 angle of attack
(Figure 5-30, Step 2).
He finishes the attacker by continuing
with an upward stroke into the armpit
or throat along the No. 2 angle of
attack (Figure 5-30, Step 3). Throughout
this
sequence,
the
attacker’s
weapon
hand
is
controlled
with
the
defender’s
left hand as he attacks with his own
knife hand.
5-46
FM 21-150
5-47
FM 21-150
c.
Low No. 5
Angle.
In the next sequence,
the attacker on the right lunges
to the
stomach along a low No. 5 angle of
attack.
The defender on the left moves his body
off the line of attack while parrying
and slashing the wrist of the attacking
knife hand as he redirects the arm
(Figure 5-31, Step 1).
After he slashes the wrist of his
attacker, the defender continues to move
around the outside and stabs the
attacker’s
armpit (Figure
5-31, Step 2).
He retracts his knife from the armpit,
continues his movement around the
attacker, and slices his hamstring
(Figure 5-31, Step 3).
5-48
FM 21-150
d.
Optional Low
No. 5 Angle.
The
attacker
on
the
right
lunges
to
the
stomach
of
his
opponent
(the
defender)
along
the low
No.
5
angle
of
attack.
The
defender
moves
his
body
off
the
line
of
attack
of
the
knife.
Then
he
turns
and, at
the same time, delivers a slash to the
attacker’s
throat along the
No. 1
angle of attack (Figure 5-32,
Step 1).
The
defender immediately follows with another slash to
the opposite side of
the
attacker’s
throat along the
No. 2 angle of attack (Figure 5-32, Step 2). The
attacker is finished as the opponent on
the left (defender) continues to
slice
across the abdomen with a stroke along
the No. 3 angle (Figure 5-32,
Step
3).
5-49
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