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Section1
：
T or
F
Section2
：
Choice
Section3
：
Explain
idioms
?
1. Pandora’s Box
灾难之盒
含义：
to open Pandora's box
means to create evil that cannot be undone.
来源：
Pandora's box involves a
mythological story in which the a box was given to
a human who was
warned never to open
the box, but his curiosity made him open it
resulting in a disaster.
?
2. The Horn of
Amalthea
丰饶角
含义：
A symbol of abundance and
nourishment, commonly a large horn-shaped
container overflowing
with produce,
flowers, nuts, other edibles, or wealth in some
form.
来源：
One day, as
Amalthea played with little Zeus, she accidentally
broke off her horn. To make up for it
and as a sign of gratitude, Zeus made
the broken horn always be full of whatever its
owner desired.
?
3. The Midas/Golden
Touch
点石成金
含义：
Ability to turn
everything he touched into
gold
. if someone has the
Midas touch, everything they do
is
successful and makes money for them
来源：
Midas’s job knew no
bounds and as soon as he got home, he ordered the
servants to set a splendid
repast on
the table.
?
4. A
Procrustean Bed
强迫一致
含义：
When
something is Procrustean, different lengths or
sizes or properties are fitted to an arbitrary
standard.
来源：
Procrustes was a rogue smith and bandit
from Attica who physically attacked people by
stretching
them or cutting off their
legs, so as to force them to fit the size of an
iron bed.
?
5.
Sow the Dragon Teeth
挑起纠纷
含义：
The dragon's
teeth, once planted, would grow into fully armed
warriors.
来源：
In
Greek myth
, dragon’s teeth
feature prominently in the legends of the
Phoenician prince Cadmus
and Jason's
quest for the Golden Fleece.
?
6. Apple of
Discord
祸根
含义：
A euphemism
for a small matter that could lead to a bigger
dispute.
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来源：
The Greek goddess of
discord,
Eris
, became
disgruntled after she was excluded from the
wedding
of
Peleus
and
Thetis
. In retaliation,
she tossed a golden apple inscribed
Kallisti
(‘for
the most beautiful
one'), into the
wedding party. Three goddesses claimed the apple:
Hera
,
Athena
, and
Aphrodite
.
Paris
of
Troy
was appointed to select
the recipient. He awarded the apple to Aphrodite,
thus indirectly causing the
Trojan
War
.
?
7. The Heel of
Achilles
唯一的弱点
含义：
A deadly weakness in
spite of overall strength, that can actually or
potentially leads to downfall
来源：
The mythological origin
refers to a physical vulnerability, metaphorical
references to other attributes
or
qualities that can lead to downfall are common.
Thetis treated Achilles with Ambrosia,
making him invulnerable. Thetis burned away his
mortality in the
house fire except on
the heel, with which he was held.
Thetis dipped the infant Achilles in
the river Styx, holding onto him by his heel.
?
8
.
Penelope’s Web
永远做不完的工作
含义：
The tactics
of delaying sth on purpose; the task that can
never be finished
来源：
Penelope is the wife of
Odysseus who was called to fight in the Trojan
War. She waits twenty years
for the
final return of her husband .In order to put off
remarriage, She has devised tricks to delay her
suitors, one of which is to pretend to
be weaving a burial shroud for Odysseus's elderly
father Laertes and
claiming that she
will choose a suitor when she has finished. Every
night for three years, she undoes part
of the shroud, until Melantho, one of
twelve unfaithful serving women, discovers her
chicanery and
reveals it to the
suitors.
?
9.
Between Scylla and
Charybdis
进退维谷
含义：
Being between Scylla and
Charybdis is an idiom expresses the meaning of
between two
evils
来源：
Scylla
was rationalized as a rock shoal (described as a
six-headed sea monster) on the Italian side
of the strait and Charybdis was a
whirlpool off the coast of Sicily. They were
regarded as a sea hazard
located close
enough to each other that they posed an
inescapable threat to passing sailors; avoiding
Charybdis meant passing too close to
Scylla and vice versa. According to Homer,
Odysseus was forced to
choose which
monster to confront while passing through the
strait; he opted to pass by Scylla and lose
only a few sailors, rather than risk
the loss of his entire ship in the whirlpool.
?
10. Necklace of
Harmonia
不祥之物
含义：
Necklace of Harmonia
brought great misfortune to all of its wearers or
owners.
来源：
Aphrodite bore a
daughter, Harmonia, from Ares' seed. Harmonia
married Cadmus, the founder of
Thebes.
Upon hearing of the royal engagement, Hephaestus
presented Harmonia with an exquisite
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necklace as a wedding gift. The
necklace was made by Hephaestus' own hand and was
cursed to bring
disaster to any who
wore it.
?
13. A
Sisyphean Task
含义：
Endlessly laborious or
futile
来源：
Sisyphus was famed
as the craftiest of men. He was condemned forever
to roll a huge stone up a hill
in Hades
only to have it roll down again on nearing the
top.
?
15. Give a
cake to Cerberus
含义：
bribe
来源：
Cerberus is a watchdog at
the gates of Tartarus. He would let the souls in
but not out. However he
could be bribed
with a honey cake on occasion or with sweet music.
Section4
：
Explain
in English the meaning of following terms. 15%
(5)
?
1.
Anthropomorphism
神人同形同性
In Greek myth, the gods and
goddesses are not only personifications of the
forces of the universe, they
are seen
as beings much like common men and women. The term
for this is “Anthropomorphism”,
meaning
“in the form of a human being.”
?
2. The Five
Ages of Men
五个时代
The Golden Age; the Silver Age; the
Bronze Age; the Heroic Age; the Iron Age
?
3. Tartarus
地狱
The deeper
region, where the Titans had been
imprisoned(
Tartarus itself formed a
dismal picture,
it had gates of bronze
guarded by Cerberus, surrounded by fire, encased
by triple wall, and within,
the
wailing
and
cries
of
those
being
punished.
It
is
the
underworld
zone
of
eternal
torment,
where the greatest
sinners have been punished for their wrong
doing.
)
?
4. The Elysian
Field
天堂领域
The
paradise for the Greeks
?
5. The Asphodel Field
充满游魂的地方
A field
inhabited by wandering souls
?
6. Styx
冥河
A river in
Hades across which Charon ferried the souls of the
dead.
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7.
Hubris
过分骄傲
Overbearing pride or
presumption.
?
8.
Satyr
森林之神，好色的人
Satyrs are a troop of male companions
of Pan and Dionysus .In myths they are often
associated with
pipe-playing
?
9. Maenad
酒神的女祭司，异常激动的女人
Often the maenads were portrayed as
inspired by him into a state of ecstatic frenzy,
through a
combination of dancing and
drunken intoxication. In this state, they would
lose all self-control.
?
10. Narcissism
自恋
Narcissus is a man who was
renowned for his beauty. He was exceptionally
proud, in that he disdained
those who
loved him. Nemesis saw this and attracted
Narcissus to a pool where he saw his own
reflection
in the water and fell in
love with it, not realizing it was merely an
image. Unable to leave the beauty of his
reflection, Narcissus died.
?
11.
Harpy
鹰身女妖
Half woman, half bird
；
vicious winged monster;
often depicted as a bird with the head of a woman
?
12.
Xenia
好客
Xenia is the Greek concept of
hospitality, or generosity and courtesy shown to
those who are far from
home.
?
ia
酒神节
(in ancient
Greece) festivals of the god Dionysus, an
orgiastic festival in ancient Greece in honor of
Dionysus
?
羊皮盾（宙斯及其女儿雅典娜所持的帝盾）
A shield hold by Athena.
Under one
’
s aegis
means doing something under the protection of a
powerful, knowledgeable, or
benevolent
source.
15. Metamorphosis
变形，变质
A person or
thing develops and changes into something
completely different.(
变形
a
complete change of physical form or
substance especially as by magic or witchcraft.)
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?
d
半人半神
A less
important god, especially one who is half god and
half human
.
?
r
人首马身的动物，半人马
A creature with the head, arms, and
chest of a man, and the body and legs of a horse.(
In
classical mythology, a centaur is a
creature with the head, arms, and body of a man,
and
the body and legs of a horse.)
?
Deucalion Flood
Aphrodite's magic
girdle was a golden girdle that caused men and
gods to fall hopelessly in love with
her.( Zeus visited Arcadia and
Thessaly
，
and disliked the
deadly wrongs of men
．
He
decided to clear the
earth of them
all
．
Without hesitation he
released the rainy south wind and called upon the
heartless
Poseidon to
help
．
Soon the whole world
sank in a vast ocean
，
and the entire human race disappeared
in
the unheard of
flood
，
all but two poor
Thessalians
．
)
Section5
：
Essay
questions 15 %( 3)
?
Unit 1:
Examples of mythological accounts explaining the
explainable.
Uranus lay upon Gaia and made love to
her without stop. (The interplay between rain and
soil that makes
plants come to life and
grow.)
Human Beings fashioned from clay
Gods and heroes descending into the
Underground in the west and emerging in the East.
( Sun rises in the
East and sets in the
West.)
Persephone lived three months in
the Underground with her husband and returned to
live with her mother
Demeter for the
rest of year. (The return of spring after winter.)
Eros, equipped with his sharp and blunt
arrows, brings about many tragedies of human love.
(Freud
’
s
theory
about love or sex as the most fundamental drive
from humans.)
?
Unit 2: Similarities between “the first
woman” in the Greek
(Pandora) and
Christian
creation myth(Eve)
Eve was the instigator of tbe whole
affair, for through her beauty and her wiles she
seduced Adam to taste
of the forbidden
fruit.
Eve was
lured by the snake. Pandora was driven by her
curiosity. Their behaviors caused evil and plagues
to human-beings.
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