平刨安规知识

(b) Model designation

產品型號

(c) Month and year of manufacture

產品生產日期

(date coding, serial numbers, or the equivalent may be used)

(d) Electrical ratings

電氣規格

(hertz input amperes, volt amperes, or watts, output voltage, amperes, volt amperes,

or watts)

(f) The CSA Monogram or the CSA Monogram with the indicator

(

CSA

標誌

(g) Cautionary Marking

警告標語

■

Construction (

產品結構

)

-

零件使用

-

間距

-

接地

-

電源線

-

戶外使用產品之排水孔

Spacings (by Working Voltage)

產品結構基本要求

Working Voltage - The highest voltage to which insulation under consideration is, or can be,

subjected when equipment is operating at its rated voltage under conditions of normal use.

產品操作在額定電壓及正常使用狀況下

,

絕緣所承受之電壓

Clearance (Through Air)

空間距離

-is dependent upon the Max Value(peak) or the voltage. A

reduced clearance may result in flashover when a transient voltage occurs.

電壓之峰值有關

,

若空間距離不夠

,

此暫態電壓產生時

,

可能會有火花產生

Creepage (Over Surface)

沿面距離

- Creepage is a surface phenomenon that is dependent on

stress developed over a long period of time. Creepage distance is therefore dependent upon the

dc or rms value of voltage and is not affected by voltage transient or voltage peaks of short time

duration.

是一種表面現象

,

當絕緣長時間承受一電壓

,

則絕緣可能因此而破壞

.

■

Test (

測試

)

- Rating

額定輸入輸出測試

Rating

額定電氣規格量測

產品

:

一般規定實際量測值不得超過標示值

10% .

建議

:

標示值大於量測值

零件

:

測試時所用之電壓、電流、瓦特數即為零件之標示值

例

:

a.

省電燈泡標示為

17w,

而實際量測為

15w

b.

吹風機標示為

800w,

實際量測為

1000w

- Temperature

溫昇測試

Resistance Method

R2-R1

△

T = --------- (234.5 + T1)-(T2-T1)

for a copper winding

R1

常用金屬導體的絕對參考零

點值

材

料

銀

銅

金

鋁

絕對參考零點

T

0

(

℃

)

- 243

- 234.5

- 270

- 236

- 204

材

料

鎳

鐵

康銅

鎳鉻

絕對參考零點

T

0

(

℃

)

- 147

- 180

- 125,000

- 2250

Thermal Classes (

耐熱等級

)

Thermal Classes

Temperature

Y

90

0

C

A

105

0

C

E

120

0

C

B

130

0

C

F

H

155

0

C

180

0

C

Notes : The tempreature quoted above are the actual temperatures of the insulation and not the

temperature

rises of the electrotechnical product

Stamdards for electrical equipment usually specify temperature rise rather than actual

temperature, In establishing such standards, factors such asfeatures of construction, thermal

conductivity and thickness of insulation,

accessiblity of insulated parts, methods of ventilation, load characteristicetc., should be taken

into account when considering the methods of measurement and the temperature rise to be

permitted

- Dielectric Strength

高壓測試

FIG 2 - Exposure of Residential Circuits to Surges (Number of Surges vs Highest Surge at

Any One

Location)

Note : The above Fig. is taken from an article by F.A. Fisher and F.D. Martzlott of G.E.,

Published in IEEE

Transactions on Power Apparatus and system, Vol. PAS-95 No. 1 Jan/Feb. 1978

- Lekage Current

漏電流測試

Physoiological Reactions to Current Levels in Humans

--- -------------------------------------------------- ---------

PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTION

CURRENT

--------------- -----------------------------------------------

Barely Perceptible

3-5 mA

Extreme pain

35-50mA

Muscle paralysis

50-70mA

Heart stoppage

500mA

Note : Data taken from W.F. Cooper, Electrical Safety Engineering, 2d ed.

(London : Butterworth, 1986); and C.D. Winburn, Practical Electrical Safety (Monticello, N.Y. :

Dekker, 1988)

- Capacitor Discharge

電容放電

The natural response of an RC circuit

- Grounding Continuity

接地阻抗測試

30A, 2min

圖

:

主機背後的接頭

a.

危機的雜散阻抗

b.

電流因絕緣破壞通過人體流向大地為人命保護設想之接地

c. Frame Ground

加以接地安全才獲保障

- Short-Circuit and Overload

短路及過載測試

- Abnormal

異常測試

Shorted C effects and testing.

- Probes

產品開孔測試

CSA C22.2 No. 950 --> UL 1950

>> Point A is used for determining accessibility (see 2.1.2)

>> Point B is used for measurements of CLEARANCE and CREEPAGE DISTANCE (see

2.9.1 )

Figure F.14 - Example of measurements in an ENCLOSURE of insulating material

- Strain Relief

拉力測試

- Impact

撞擊測試

Figure 7 - Impact test using sphere

- Flammability

燃燒測試

Criteria (

準則

)

燃燒速率

(

試片厚度

13mm)

燃燒速率

(

試片厚度

3 mm)

註

: >>

若火焰在

101mm

記號處前熄滅也算符合

HB

要求

>>

試片燃燒速率算法是火焰由

25 mm

燒至

101mm

孤所花時間計算而得

1.

測 試方法如下圖所示

,

火焰為藍色火焰

,

高

25mm,

加火焰於試片

30s

後移開

2.

試片必須準備

3

片

,

在測試前必須置於

23

±

2

0

C;

50

±

5%

環境下

48hrs

HB

≦

40 mm/min

≦

75 mm/min

V-2, V-1, V-0

Criteria (

準則

)

每次試片在第一次測試火焰離開後續燃時間接

(t1) & (t2)

每次試片在第二次測試火焰離開後續燃時間接

(t2) & (t3)

每組試片所有續燃時間接

(t1) & (t2)

火焰延燒至試片夾

?

棉花燃燒

?

5-VB, 5-VA

Criteria (

準則

)

每次試片在第

5

次測試火焰離開後續燃時上織紅時間

棉花延燃

?

試板燒穿

?

-HWI, HAI

及

CTI

測試

Components Bridging Primary and Secondary Circuits

跨於一次側、二次側間之零件

1. Transformer (

變壓器

)

- Creepage

- Clearance

- Distance through insulation

2. Optical Isolator (

光耦合器

)

- Dielectric Strength Test

3. Capacitors (

電容器

)

- One Y1 capacitor (IEC 384-14, 2nd Edition)

- Two Y2 capacitors in series (same nominal value, voltage rating must the total

voltage

across two capacitors)

--------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------

---------

V-2

≦

30S

≦

60S

≦

250S

不可

可

V-1

≦

30S

≦

60S

≦

250S

不可

不可

V-0

≦

10S

≦

30S

≦

50S

不可

不可

5-VB

≦

60S

不可

可

5-VA

≦

60S

不可

不可

電器產品安全測試報告全球相互承認體系

(CB Scheme)

介紹

國際電工協會

(International Electrotechnical Commission,IEC)

所推動設立的

CB

Scheme(Certification Body)

，是 國際上第一個關於電子電器產品安全測試報告國際相互承認體系

(

尚未包含電磁相容，

EMC)

，只要是

IEC

會員國

(

台灣非

IEC

會員

)

即可參與，目 前約有

39

個國家、

52

個國家驗證機構

(National Certification Body, NCB)

、

121

個

CB

測試實驗室參與此全球認證體

系，根據

IEC

統計

2000

< br>年共發出

19,624

份報告。

此認證體系適用於

IEC

標準所規範，使用於家庭、辦公室、工作室和其他類似地點的電器設備， 各

類別產品如下：

1.

電子遊樂器

2.

量測儀器

3.

電源線及電線

4.

電容器及零件類

5.

燈具

6.

家用及類似電器用品

(

家電產品

)

7.

保護性裝置包括保險絲及其固定物

8.

低壓高功率交換器

9.

變壓器

10.

辦公室及資訊設備

11.

醫療設備

☆

CB Scheme

-

選擇一個

NCB (National Certification Body)

-

經由一個

NCB

完成測試

- IEC

標準

(

如

IEC 950,601, 65,1010,745)

-

各國差異

(National Deviation)

-

使用

CB

的測試報告和驗證去獲得當地驗證

-

減低國際貿易的障礙

-

避免重覆測試

-

目前

CSA

的

CB

驗證包含下列

--

>>

資 訊電腦產品

(

含通訊

) IEC 950

>>

實驗室設備

IEC 1010

>>

醫療設備

IEC 601

>>

手提電動工具

IEC 745 & 1029

>>

家用電器

IEC 335

>>

音響電視產品

IEC 65 & 491

>>

家電用控制開關

IEC 691

>>

裝置和連接設備

IEC 1011

>>

安裝保護設備

IEC 127

>>

安全變壓器及相關產品

IEC 742

Expanding into new markets is a complex process. If your expansion depends on product certification in

global markets, CSA International can help you understand the applicable directives and standards. We'll

help chart out the best conformity assessment route. We'll also customize training workshops for you and

your entire team. Following is a list of specifics:

European Directives

Lifts Directive

Gas Directive

Personal Protective Equipment Directive

Low Voltage Directive

Medical Device Directive

Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive

Machinery Directive

--------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------

☆

CE Marking:

What Is CE Marking?

Confirmation that any product bearing a CE Mark complies with European Union Directives. Products

exported to the European Union must have CE Marking in accordance with the applicable directives.

What are the Directives?

They are legislation covering a wide range of products. The member nations are required to implement

them into national law. They include the essential health and safety requirements with which a product

must comply.

What is a Notified Body?

It is an organization in a member country that has been accredited by a competent authority to certify

products and register quality systems. The competent authority is the highest level of authority in the

country.

What is a Declaration of Conformity?

The Declaration of Conformity is a written statement made by the manufacturer or his representative

declaring conformity with the directive or directives that apply to the product. The Declaration of Conformity

is sent with each shipment of product.

What is a Technical File?

The technical file is the documentation required to support the Declaration of Conformity. It includes at

least the list of directives, list of standards used, mechanical and electrical drawings, test data, operating

and installation instructions, certificates and technical reports from third party labs, and on-going

compliance mechanisms.

--------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -----------

☆

NEBS

簡介

NEBS(Network Equipment Building System)

測試是供應商要銷售設備到區域性貝爾公司