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《高级英语阅读一》试题
（请把答案写在
答案卷
上）
I
Translate the following
paragraph into Chinese.
（结合课文上下文翻
译以下句子：出自教材
《高级英语阅读一》，
第
8
课
，
Text
A
）
At the heart
of parental
loss of control
lies the
fact that parents
today supervise their school-age
children less than their counterparts
did
even
ten
years
and
certainly
twenty
years
ago.
A
new
parental
casualness is so much the norm these
days that only when one compares
contemporary
children's
lives
with
those
of
the
1960s
and
early
1970s
does
one realize how much
earlier the parental reins are loosened today
II Read Lesson 4 Text
A
，
Answer the following ques
tions:
：（阅读教
材第
4
课，课文
A
,
回答问题）
Stress: Some Good, Some Bad
By Jane Brody
Stress
is
a
factor
in
every
life,
and
without
some
stress
life
would
be
drab
and
unstimulating. Too
little stress can produce boredom, feelings of
isolation, stagnation,
and
purposelessness. Stress in and of itself is not
bad; rather, it's how you react to
the
different stresses in your life that matters.
Many people thrive on
stress. They find working under pressure or
against deadlines
highly
stimulating,
providing
the
motivation
to
do
their
best.
And
they
rarely
succumb to adverse stress reactions. To
slow such
a turtle would be as
stressful as trying to make the turtle keep up
with the horse. Yet
others crumble when
the crunch is on or the overload light flashes.
Some take life's
large and small
obstacles in stride, regarding them as a challenge
to succeed in spite
of everything.
Others are thwarted by every unexpected turn of
events, from a traffic
delay to a
serious illness in the family.
What Stress Does
All
stress,
positive
or
negative,
stimulates
a
basic
biological
reaction
called
fight
or
flight.
This
is
a
hormonally
stimulated
state
of
arousal
that
prepares
you
to
face
whatever
challenge
is
at
hand,
be
it
your
daughter's
wedding,
a
job
interview,
an
argument
with
your
spouse,
or
the
assault
of
a
would-be
mugger.
The
chemical
reaction influences
your heart, nervous system, muscles, and other
organs, preparing
them for action.
Problems
arise
when
the
stress
reaction
is
frequently
called
into
play
for
inappropriate circumstances, such as a
missed bus, long line, or reservation mix-up,
or when the circumstances of your life
result in more stress than you can handle at
any one time.
When most people talk about stress,
they mean the negative reactions: a churning
gut,
aching
back,
tight
throat,
rapid
heartbeat,
elevated
blood
pressure,
mental
depression, short temper, crying jags,
insomnia, impotence, viral infections, asthma
attacks, ulcers, heart disease, or
cancer.
My stress reaction
was headaches. I got them often: when I was
writing on deadline,
doing a lot of
sewing, preparing for a dinner party, driving in
heavy traffic. For years I
had
attributed them to a variety of causes, including
eyestrain and allergic reactions
to my
colleagues' tobacco smoke and to the fumes from my
gas stove. But not until I
awoke one
morning from a bad dream with my teeth tightly
clenched did I get a hint
of the real
reason
—
a reaction to
stress.
Over
the
next
several
weeks
I
realized
that
whenever
I
was
concentrating
hard
on
something
(even opening a stubborn package or chopping an
onion) or feeling tense
or anxious, I
clenched my teeth. After a while the strain on the
supporting muscles
would result in a
headache.
It was an
unconscious reaction, a habit that I was finally
able to break m with the aid
of
my
dentist
—
by
becoming
acutely
aware
of
it
and
making
a
conscious
effort
to
relax
my
jaw
when
formerly
1
would
have
tightened
it.
Now
tension
headaches,
which account for 80 percent of the
head pains that afflict Americans, rarely sneak
through my surveillance.
Dr. Donald A. Tubesing, psychologist
from Duluth, Minnesota, and author of Kicking
Your Stress Habits, likens stress to
the tension on a violin string m you need
tension to make music but not so much
that it snaps.
Whereas some
stress reduction programs offer only techniques to
induce relaxation,
Dr. Tubesing's
simply written self- help guide helps you get to
the roots of your stress
reactions and
modify them. He points out that most stress is not
the result of great
tragedies, but
rather an accumulation of minor irritations that
the years.
do about them.
For example, he points out,
stress is inherent not in an event but rather in
how you
perceive that event; by
modifying your perceptions, you can reduce your
stress. Let's
say you just missed your
bus. You could focus on the fact that you'll be
late for work
(stressful) or on the
fact that you'll now have time to read the paper
(not stressful).
He
cautions
against
spending
dollars
worth
of
energy
on
a
10-cent
problem
Before you gear up
for a battle, stop and think: is the threat real?
Is the issue really
important?
Can
you
make
a
difference?
Dr.
Tubesing's
guide
helps
you
to
identify
your beliefs,
values, and goals, which in turn will enable you
to focus on what really
counts and stop
worrying about irrelevant events or concerns.
pressures
create
stress
only
when
your
time-and-energy
spending
decisions
aren't
consistent with your goals, beliefs,
and values.
There are many
ways to cope with excess stress, and some methods
are better than
others.
Too
often
people
turn
to
the
wrong
solutions
for
stress
relief,
such
as
tranquilizers, sleeping pills, alcohol,
and cigarettes, and end up further impairing
their,
health
while
doing
nothing
to
gain
an
upper
hand
on
the
causes
of
their
stress
reactions. Others
resort to short-term solutions m shouting, crying,
taking a hot bath
m
that
help
for
a
while.
More
lasting,
relief
could
be
obtained
through
regular exercise or
talking with friends, Dr. Tubesing says.
How to Cope with Stress
Everyone should have a
repertoire of stress-reducing techniques. Here are
some that
Dr. Tubesing and others have
found helpful.
Set
priorities.
Divide
your
tasks
into
three
categories
—
essential,
important,
and
trivial
—
and
forget
about
the
trivial.
Learn
to
say
no
when
you're
asked
to
do
something that overloads
your time or stress budget or diverts you from
what you
really
consider
most
important.
Be
satisfied
with
a
less
than
perfect
job
if
the
alternative is not
getting a job done at all. Identify the activities
you find satisfying in
and of
themselves, and focus on enjoying them, rather
than on your performance or
what
rewards the activities might bring.
Organize
your time.
Identify the time
wasters.
Figure out
when
in
the day you
are
most productive, and do your essential
and important tasks then. Pace yourself by
scheduling your tasks and give yourself
time to recharge your batteries.
Budget your stress. Try to avoid
clusters of stressful events by spreading them
out.
Try
exercise
at
about
the
same
time
every
day.
Be
sure
to
get
enough
sleep
and
rest
because fatigue can
reduce your ability to cope with stress. Eat
regular, well-balanced
meals
with
enough
variety
to
assure
good
nutrition
and
enough
complex
carbohydrates
(starchy foods) to guarantee a ready energy
reserve.
Choose fight or
fight. Don't be afraid to express anger (hiding it
is even more stressful
than letting it
out), but choose your fights; don't hassle over
every little thing. When
fighting is
inappropriate, try fleeing----- learn to fantasize
or take a short break (do a
puzzle,
take a walk, go to a concert, or away for the
weekend) to reenergize yourself.
You
can
also
give
in
once
in
a
while,
instead
of
always
insisting
you
are
right
and
others
are wrong.
Learn relaxation
techniques. These include deep breathing
exercises, transcendental
meditation,
the relaxation
response,
yoga, progressive
relaxation
of
muscle
groups,
imagery,
biofeedback,
and
behavior
modification.
The
last
four
may
require
professional
help.
On
a
tightly
scheduled
day,
take
a
minute
or
two
between
appointments
or
activities
for
a
relaxation
break
stretching,
breathing,
walking
around.
Revitalize
through
exercise.
A
body
lacking
in
physical
stamina
is
in
no
shape
to
handle
stress.
An
exercise
tune-up
can
increase
your
emotional
as
well
as
your
physical
strength.
Exercise
enhances,
rather
than
saps,
your
energy;
it
also
has
a
distinct
relaxing effect.
Talk
it
out.
Problems
often
seem
much
worse
when
you
alone
carry
their
burden.
Talking to a trusted
friend or relative or to a professional counselor
can help you sort
things out and unload
some of the burden. If things are really bad,
don't hesitate to
seek professional
counseling or psychotherapy.
Get
outside
yourself.
Stress
causes
people
to
turn
into
themselves
and
focus
too
much
on
their
own
problems.
Try
doing
something
for
someone
else.
Or
find
something
other
than
yourself
and
your
accomplishments
to
care
about.
Be
more
tolerant and forgiving
of yourself and others.
Finally, Drs. Robert L. Wool folk and
Frank C. Richardson, psychologists and authors of
Stress, Sanity and Survival, caution
against
or
when
'your
problems
will
be
over.'
The
struggles
of
life
never
end.
Most
good
things
in life are fleeting and transitory. Enjoy them;
savor them. Don't waste time
looking
forward to the 'happy ending' to all your
troubles.
1.
What does the
writer want to tell us through this text?
2.
How
to
cope
with
stress,
what
suggestions
does
the
writer
put
forward?
III. Read lesson 1
Text
B
（阅读教材第
1
< br>课课文
B
判断对错）
Lesson 1,
Text B
Untitled