magazines-查岗
07-12
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the
following passage.
By almost any
measure, there is a boom in Internet-based
instruction. In just
a few years, 34
percent of American universities have begun
offering some form of
distance learning
(DL), and among the larger schools, it's closer to
90 percent.
If
you
doubt
the
popularity
of
the
trend,
you
probably
haven't
heard
of
the
University
of
Phoenix.
It
grants
degrees
entirely
on
the
basis
of
online
instruction.
It
enrolls
90 000 students, a
statistic used to support its claim to be the
largest private
university in the
country.
While
the
kinds
of
instruction
offered
in
these
programs
will
differ,
DL
usually
signifies a course
in which the instructors post
syllabi
(
< br>课
程大
纲
), reading
assignments, and schedules on Websites,
and students send in their assignments by
e-mail.
Generally
speaking,
face-to-face
communication
with
an
instructor
is
minimized or eliminated altogether.
The
attraction
for
students
might
at
first
seem
obvious.
Primarily,
there's
the
convenience promised by
courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they
say, in
your
pajamas
(
睡衣
). But figures indicate
that the reduced effort results in a
reduced
commitment
to
the
course.
While
drop-out
rates
for
all
freshmen
at
American
universities is
around 20 percent, the rate for online students is
35 percent.
Students themselves seem to
understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup.
In a
survey conducted for eCornell, the
DL division of Cornell University, less than a
third of the respondents expected the
quality of the online course to be as good
as the classroom course.
Clearly, from the schools' perspective,
there's a lot of money to be saved.
Although
some
of
the
more
ambitious
programs
require
new
investments
in
servers
and
networks
to
support
collaborative
software,
most
DL
courses
can
run
on
existing
or
minimally
upgraded
(
升级
)
systems.
The
more
students
who
enroll
in
a
course
but
don't
come
to
campus,
the
more
the
school
saves
on
keeping
the
lights
on
in
the
classrooms,
paying
doorkeepers,
and
maintaining
parking
lots.
And,
while
there's
evidence
that
instructors
must
work
harder
to
run
a
DL
course
for
a
variety
of
reasons,
they
won't
be paid any more, and
might well be paid less.
57. What is the most striking feature
of the University of Phoenix?
A) All
its courses are offered online.
B) Its
online courses are of the best quality.
C) It boasts the largest number of
students on campus.
D) Anyone taking
its online courses is sure to get a degree.
58.
According
to
the
passage,
distance
learning
is
basically
characterized
by___________.
A) a considerable flexibility in its
academic requirements
B) the great
diversity of students' academic backgrounds
C) a minimum or total absence of face-
to-face instruction
D) the casual
relationship between students and professors
59.
Many
students
take
Internet-based
courses
mainly
because
they
can____________.
A) earn
their academic degrees with much less effort
B) save a great deal on traveling and
boarding expenses
C) select courses
from various colleges and universities
D) work on the required courses
whenever and wherever
60. What accounts
for the high drop-out rates for online students?
A) There is no strict control over the
academic standards of the courses.
B)
The evaluation system used by online universities
is inherently weak.
C) There is no
mechanism to ensure that they make the required
effort.
D) Lack of classroom
interaction reduces the effectiveness of
instruction.
61. According to the
passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL
programs
for the purpose
of____________.
A) building up their
reputation
B) cutting down on their
expenses
C) upgrading their teaching
facilities
D) providing convenience for
students
ACDCB
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage.
In this age of
Internet chat, videogames and reality television,
there is no
shortage
of
mindless
activities
to
keep
a
child
occupied.
Yet,
despite
the
competition,
my
8-year-old
daughter
Rebecca
wants
to
spend
her
leisure
time
writing
short stories. She wants to enter one
of her stories into a writing contest, a
competition she won last year.
As a writer I know about winning
contests, and about losing them. I know what
it
is
like
to
work
hard
on
a
story
only
to
receive
a
rejection
slip
from
the
publisher.
I also know the
pressures of trying to live up to a reputation
created by previous
victories.
What
if
she
doesn't
win
the
contest
again?
That's
the
strange
thing
about
being a parent. So
many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can
surface.
A
revelation
(
启示
) came last week when I
asked her,
“
Don't you want
to win
again?
”
“
No,
”
she
replied,
“
I
just
want
to
tell
the
story
of
an
angel
going
to
first
grade.
”
I
had
just
spent
weeks
correcting
her
stories
as
she
spontaneously
(
自发地
)
told
them.
Telling
myself
that
I
was
merely
an
experienced
writer
guiding
the
young
writer
across the hall, I
offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and
endings for
her
tales.
The
story
about
a
fearful
angel
starting
first
grade
was
quickly
“
guided
”
by
me
into
the
tale
of
a
little
girl
with
a
wild
imagination
taking
her
first
music
lesson.I had turned her contest into my
contest without even realizing it.
Staying back and giving kids space to
grow is not as easy as it looks. Because
I
know
very
little
about
farm
animals
who
use
tools
or
angels
who
go
to
first
grade,
I
had to accept the fact that I was
co-
opting
(
借用
) my
daughter's experience.
While stepping
back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good
first step
that I will quickly follow
with more steps, putting myself far enough away to
give
her
room
but
close
enough
to
help
if
asked.
All
the
while
I
will
be
reminding
myself
that children need room to experiment,
grow and find their own voices.
62. What do we learn from the first
paragraph?
A) Children do find lots of
fun in many mindless activities.
B)
Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure
time.
C) Rebecca draws on a lot of
online materials for her writing.
D) A
lot of distractions compete for children's time
nowadays.
63. What did the author say
about her own writing experience?
A)
She did not quite live up to her reputation as a
writer.
B) Her way to success was full
of pains and frustrations.
C) She was
constantly under pressure of writing more.
D) Most of her stories had been
rejected by publishers.
64. Why did
Rebecca want to enter this year's writing contest?
A) She believed she possessed real
talent for writing.
B) She was sure of
winning with her mother's help.
C) She
wanted to share her stories with readers.
D) She had won a prize in the previous
contest.
65.
The
author
took
great
pains
to
refine
her
daughter's
stories
because___________.
A) she believed she had the knowledge
and experience to offer guidance
B) she
did not want to disappoint Rebecca who needed her
help so much
C) she wanted to help
Rebecca realize her dream of becoming a writer
D) she was afraid Rebecca's imagination
might run wild while writing
66. What's
the author's advice for parents?
A) A
writing career, though attractive, is not for
every child to pursue.
B) Children
should be allowed freedom to grow through
experience.
C) Parents should keep an
eye on the activities their kids engage in.
D) Children should be given every
chance to voice their opinions.
DBCAB
07-6
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the
following passage.
I
’
ve been writing
for most of my life. The book Writing Without
Teachers introduced me
to one
distinction and one practice that has helped my
writing processes tremendously. The
distinction
is
between
the
creative
mind
and
the
critical
mind.
While
you
need
to
employ
both
to get to a finished
result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how
much we might like
to think so.
Trying
to
criticize
writing
on
the
fly
is
possibly
the
single
greatest
barrier
to
writing
that most of us
encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade
English teacher correct
your grammar
while you are trying to capture a fleeting
(
稍纵即逝的
) thought, the thought
will
die.
If
you
capture
the
fleeting
thought
and
simply
share
it
with
the
world
in
raw
form,
no
one
is
likely
to
understand.
You
must
learn
to
create
first
and
then
criticize
if
you
want
to make
writing the tool for thinking that it is.
The
practice
that
can
help
you
past
your
learned
bad
habits
of
trying
to
edit
as
you
write
is what Elbow calls
“
free
writing.
”
In free writing,
the objective is to get words down
on
paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No
stopping, no going back, no criticizing.
The goal is to get the words flowing.
As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come
from
the shadows and let themselves be
captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can
begin to work with using the critical mind that
you
’
ve persuaded
to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely,
you will believe that
this will take
more time than you actually have and you will end
up staring blankly at the
pages as the
deadline draws near.
Instead
of
staring
at
a
blank
start
filling
it
with
words
no
matter
how
bad.
Halfway
through
you
available
time,
stop
and
rework
your
raw
writing
into
something
closer
to
finished
product.
Move back and forth until you run out
of time and the final result will most likely be
far
better than your current practices.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡
2
上作答
。
57. When the author says
the creative mind and the critical mind
“
cannot work in
parallel
”
(Line
4, Para. 1) in the writing process, he means
________.
A) no one can be both
creative and critical
B) they cannot be
regarded as equally important
C) they
are in constant conflict with each other
D) one cannot use them at the same time
（
D
）
58. What prevents people from writing
on is ________.
A) putting their ideas
in raw form
B) attempting to edit as
they write
C) ignoring grammatical
soundness
D) trying to capture fleeting
thoughts
（
B
）
59. What is the chief objective
of the first stage of writing?
A) To
organize one
’
s thoughts
logically.
B) To choose an appropriate
topic.
C) To get
one
’
s ideas down.
D) To collect raw materials.
（
C
）
60. One common concern of writers about
“
free
writing
”
is that ________.
A) it overstresses the role of the
creative mind
B) it takes too much time
to edit afterwards
C) it may bring
about too much criticism
D) it does not
help them to think clearly
（
B
）
61. In what way
does the critical mind help the writer in the
writing process?
A) It refines his
writing into better shape.
B) It helps
him to come up with new ideas.
C) It
saves the writing time available to him.
D) It allows him to sit on the side and
observe.
（
A
）
Passage Two
I
don
’
t ever want to talk
about being a woman scientist again. There was a
time in my
life
when
people
asked
constantly
for
stories
about
what
it
’
s
like
to
work
in
a
field
dominated
by men. I was
never very good at telling those stories because
truthfully I never found them
interesting.
What
I
do
find
interesting
is
the
origin
of
the
universe,
the
shape
of
space-
time
and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studying
astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least
to be the
only
woman
in
the
classroom.
But
while
earning
my
Ph.D.
at
MIT
and
then
as
a
post-doctor
doing
space
research,
the
issue
started
to
bother
me.
My
every
achievement
—
jobs,
research
papers,
awards
—
was
viewed
through
the
lens
of
gender
(
性别
)
politics.
So
were
my
failures.
Sometimes,
when
I
was
pushed
into
an
argument
on
left
brain
versus
(
相对于
)
right
brain,
or
nature
versus
nurture (
培育
), I
would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and
all womankind.
Then
one
day
a
few
years
ago,
out
of
my
mouth
came
a
sentence
that
would
eventually
become
my reply to any and all provocations: I
don
’
t talk about that
anymore. It took me 10 years
to
get
back
the
confidence
I
had
at
19
and
to
realize
that
I
didn
’
t
want
to
deal
with
gender
issues. Why should curing sexism be yet
another terrible burden on every female scientist?
After all, I
don
’
t study sociology or
political theory.
Today
I
research
and
teach
at
Barnard,
a
women
’
s
college
in
New
York
City.
Recently,
someone
asked
me
how
may
of
the
45
students
in
my
class
were
women.
You
cannot
imagine
my
satisfaction
at being able
to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry
how they will manage their
scientific
research and a desire for children. And I
don
’
t dismiss those
concerns. Still,
I
don
’
t
tell
them
“
war
”
stories.
Instead,
I
have
given
them
this:
the
visual
of
their
physics
professor
heavily
pregnant
doing
physics
experiments.
And
in
turn
they
have
given
me
the
image
of 45 women driven by a love of
science. And that
’
s a sight
worth talking about.
62. Why
doesn
’
t the author want to
talk about being a woman scientist again?
A) She feels unhappy working in male-
dominated fields.
B) She is fed up with
the issue of gender discrimination.
C)
She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
D) She finds space research more import
ant.
（
B
）
63. From Paragraph 2, we can infer
that people would attribute the
author
’
s failures to
________.
A) the very fact
that she is a woman
B) her involvement
in gender politics
C) her over-
confidence as a female astrophysicist
D) the burden she bears in a male-
dominated society
（
A
）
64. What did the author
constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and
post-doctoral
research?
A)
Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
B) Unfair accusations from both inside
and outside her circle.
C)
People
’
s stereotyped
attitude toward female scientists.
D)
Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture
d.
（
C
）
65. Why does the author feel great
satisfaction when talking about her class?
A) Female students no longer have to
bother about gender issues.
B) Her
students
’
performance has
brought back her confidence.
C) Her
female students can do just as well as male
students.
D) More female students are
pursuing science than before.
（
D
）
66. What
does the image the author presents to her students
suggest?
A) Women students
needn
’
t have the concerns of
her generation.
B) Women have more
barriers on their way to academic success.
C) Women can balance a career in
science and having a family.
D) Women
now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.
（
C
）
08-6
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the
following passage.
Global
warming may or may not be the great environmental
crisis of the 21st
century,
but
—
regardless of whether it
is or isn't
—
we won't do much
about it. We
will argue over it and may
even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-
sounding
commitments
to
avoid
it.
But
the
more
dramatic
and
meaningful
these
commitments
seem,
the less likely they
are to be observed.
Al
Gore
calls
global
warming
an
“
inconvenient
truth
”
,
as
if
merely
recognizing
it could put us
on a path to a solution. But the real truth is
that we don't know
enough to relieve
global warming, and
—
without
major technological
breakthroughs
—
we can't do
much about it.
From
2003
to
2050,
the
world's
population
is
projected
to
grow
from
6.4
billion
to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If
energy use per person and technology remain the
same,
total
energy
use
and
greenhouse
gas
emissions
(mainly,
CO2)
will
be
42%
higher
in
2050. But that's too low, because societies that
grow richer use more energy.
We
need
economic
growth
unless
we
condemn
the
world's
poor
to
their
present
poverty
and freeze everyone
else's living standards. With modest growth,
energy use and
greenhouse emissions
more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid
restrictions on economic growth and personal
freedom
(limits
on
electricity
usage,
driving
and
travel)
that
might
cut
back
global
warming.
Still,
politicians
want
to
show
they're
“
doing
something
”
.
Consider
the
Kyoto
Protocol
(
京都议定书
).
It
allowed
countries
that
joined
to
punish
those
that
didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2
emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many
signatories (
签字国
)
didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their
2008
—
2012
targets.
The
practical
conclusion
is
that
if
global
warming
is
a
potential
disaster,
the
only
solution
is
new
technology.
Only
an
aggressive
research
and
development
program
might find ways of
breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing
with it.
The
trouble
with
the
global
warming
debate
is
that
it
has
become
a
moral
problem
when
it's
really
an
engineering
one.
The
inconvenient
truth
is
that
if
we
don't
solve
the engineering problem, we're
helpless.
57. What is said
about global warming in the first paragraph?
A) It may not prove an environmental
crisis at all.
B) It is an issue
requiring worldwide commitments.
C)
Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.
D) Very little will be done to bring it
under control.
58. According to the
author's understanding, what is AL Gore's
view on global
warming?
A) It is a reality both people and
politicians are unaware of.
B) It is a
phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.
C) It is a problem that can be solved
once it is recognized.
D) It is an area
we actually have little knowledge about.
59. Greenhouse emissions will more than
double by 2050 because of___________.
A) economic growth
B)
wasteful use of energy
C) the widening
gap between the rich and poor
D) the
rapid advances of science and technology
60.
The
author
believes
that,
since
the
signing
of
the
Kyoto
Protocol,___________.
A) politicians have started to do
something to better the situation
B)
few nations have adopted real tough measures to
limit energy use
C) reductions in
energy consumption have greatly cut back global
warming
D) international cooperation
has contributed to solving environmental problems
61. What is the message the author
intends to convey?
A) Global warming is
more of a moral issue than a practical one.
B) The ultimate solution to global
warming lies in new technology.
C) The
debate over global warming will lead to
technological breakthroughs.
D) People
have to give up certain material comforts to stop
global warming.
A
ＤＣ
ＢＤ
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage.
Someday
a stranger will read your e-mail without your
permission or scan the
websites
you've
visited.
Or
perhaps
someone
will
casually
glance
through
your
credit
card
purchases
or
cell
phone
bills
to
find
out
your
shopping
preferences
or
calling
habits.
In
fact,
it's
likely
some
of
these
things
have
already
happened
to
you.
Who
would
watch
you
without
your
permission?
It
might
be
a
spouse,
a
girlfriend,
a
marketing
company,
a
boss,
a
cop
or
a
criminal.
Whoever
it
is,
they
will
see
you
in
a
way
you
never intended to be
seen
—
the 21st century
equivalent of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are
healthy, that it's important to reveal
yourself to friends, family and lovers
in stages, at appropriate times. But few
boundaries
remain.
The
digital
bread
crumbs
(
碎屑
)
you
leave
everywhere
make
it
easy
for
strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you
are and what you like. In some
cases,
a
simple
Google
search
can
reveal
what
you
think.
Like
it
or
not,
increasingly
we live in a world where you simply
cannot keep a secret.
The key question is: Does that matter?
For many Americans, the answer
apparently is
“
no
”
.
When
opinion
polls
ask
Americans
about
privacy,
most
say
they
are
concerned
about
losing
it.
A
survey
found
an
overwhelming
pessimism
about
privacy,
with
60
percent
of
respondents
saying
they
feel
their
privacy
is
“
slipping
away,
and
that
bothers
me.
”
But
people
say
one
thing
and
do
another.
Only
a
tiny
fraction
of
Americans
change
any
behaviors
in
an
effort
to
preserve
their
privacy.
Few
people
turn
down
a
discount
at
tollbooths
(
收费站
)
to
avoid
using
the
EZ-Pass
system
that
can
track
automobile
movements.
And
few
turn
down
supermarket
loyalty
cards.
Privacy
economist
Alessandro
Acquisti has run a series of tests that
reveal people will surrender personal
information like Social Security
numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful
50-cents-off coupon
(
优惠券
).
But privacy does
matter
—
at least sometimes.
It's like health: when you have
it,
you
don't
notice
it.
Only
when
it's
gone
do
you
wish
you'd
done
more
to
protect
it.
62.
What
does
the
author
mean
by
saying
“
the
21st
century
equivalent
of
being
caught
naked
”
(Line 3,
Para.2)
？
A)
People's personal information is easily accessed
without their knowledge.
B) In the 21st
century people try every means to look into
others' secrets.
C) People tend to be
more frank with each other in the information age.
D) Criminals are easily caught on the
spot with advanced technology.
63. What
would psychologists advise on the relationships
between friends?
A) Friends should open
their hearts to each other.
B) Friends
should always be faithful to each other.
C) There should be a distance even
between friends.
D) There should be
fewer disputes between friends.
64.
Why
does
the
author
say
“
we
live
in
a
world
where
you
simply
cannot
keep
a
secret
”
(Lines 4-5, Para.3)?
A)
Modern society has finally evolved into an open
society.
B) People leave traces around
when using modern technology.
C) There
are always people who are curious about others'
affairs.
D) Many search engines profit
by revealing people's identities.
65.
What do most Americans do with regard to privacy
protection?
A) They change behaviors
that might disclose their identity.
B)
They use various loyalty cards for business
transactions.
C) They rely more and
more on electronic devices.
D) They
talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
66. According to the passage, privacy
is like health in that_____________.
A)
people will make every effort to keep it
B) its importance is rarely understood
C) it is something that can easily be
lost
D) people don't cherish it until
they lose it
ＡＣＢＤＤ
08-12
Passage One
Questions 57 to
61 are based on the following passage.
If you're a male and you're reading
this, congratulations: you're a survivor.
According to statistics, you are more
than twice as likely to die of skin cancer
than a woman, and nine times more
likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to
the end of your natural term, about 78
years for men in Australia, you'll die on
average five years before a woman.
There're many reasons for
this
—
typically, men take
more risks than women and
are more
likely to drink and
smoke
—
but perhaps more
importantly, men don't go to
the
doctor.
“
Men
aren't
seeing
doctors
as
often
as
they
should,
”
says
Dr.
Gullotta,
“
This
is
particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases
tend to strike.
”
Gullotta
says
a
healthy
man
should
visit
the
doctor
every
year
or
two.
For
those
over 45, it should be
at least once a year.
Two
months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had
delayed doing anything
about his
smoker's cough for a year.
“
When I finally saw him it
had already spread and he has since died from lung
cancer,
”
he says.
“
Earlier detection and
treatment may not have cured him, but
it would have prolonged
(
延长
) his
life.
”
According to a recent survey, 95% of
women aged between 15 and early 40s see
a doctor once a year, compared to 70%
of men in the same age group.
“
A
lot
of
men
think
they
are
invincible
（不可战胜的）
,
”
Gullotta
says.
“
They
only come in when a friend drops dead
on the golf course and they think,
‘
Geez,
if it
could happen to him,...'
”
Then
there's
the
ostrich
approach.
“
Some
men
are
scared
of
what
might
be
there
and
would rather not know,
”
says
Dr. Ross Cartmill.
“
Most men get their cars
serviced more regularly than they service their
bodies,
”
Cartmill
says. He believes most diseases that commonly
affect men could
be addressed by
preventive check-ups.
Regular check-ups for men would
inevitably place strain on the public purse,
Cartmill
says.
“
But
prevention
is
cheaper
in
the
long
run
than
having
to
treat
the
diseases.
Besides,
the
ultimate
cost
is
far
greater:
it's
called
premature
death.
”
57.
Why
does
the
author
congratulate
his
male
readers
at
the
beginning
of
the
passage?
A) They are more likely to survive
serious diseases today.
B) Their
average life span has been considerably extended.
C) They have lived long enough to read
this article.
D) They are sure to enjoy
a longer and happier life.
58.
What
does
the
author
state
is
the
most
important
reason
men
die
five
years
earlier
on
average than women?
A) Men drink and
smoke much more than women.
B) Men
don't seek medical care as often as women.
C) Men aren't as cautions as women in
face of danger.
D) Men are more likely
to suffer from fatal diseases.
59.
Which of the following best completes the sentence
‘
Geez, if it could happen
to him,...' (Line 2, Para.8)?
A) it could happen to me, too
B) I should avoid playing golf
C) I
should consider myself lucky D) it would
be a big misfortune
60.
What
does
Dr.
Ross
Cartmill
mean
by
“
the
ostrich
approach
”
(Line
1,
Para.9)?
A) A
casual attitude towards one's health conditions.
B) A new therapy for certain
psychological problems.
C) Refusal to
get medical treatment for fear of the pain
involved.
D) Unwillingness to find out
about one's disease because of fear.
61. What does Cartmill say about
regular check-ups for men?
A) They may
increase public expenses.
B) They will
save money in the long run.
C) They may
cause psychological strains on men.
D)
They will enable men to live as long as women.
CBADB
Passage
Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage.
High-
quality
customer
service
is
preached
(
宣扬
)
by
many,
but
actually
keeping
customers happy is easier said than
done.
Shoppers
seldom
complain
to
the
manager
or
owner
of
a
retail
store,
but
instead
will
alter their friends, relatives, co-workers,
strangers
—
and anyone who
will
listen.
Store managers are often the last to
hear complaints, and often find out only
when their regular customers decide to
frequent their competitors, according to a
study jointly conducted by Verde Group
and Wharton School.
“
Storytelling
hurts
retailers
and
entertains
consumers,
”
said
Paula
Courtney,
President
of
the
Verde
Group.
“
The
store
loses
the
customer,
but
the
shopper
must
also
find a replacement.
”
On average, every unhappy
customer will complain to at least four others,
and
will no longer visit the specific
store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store
will
lose
up
to
three
more
due
to
negative
reviews.
The
resulting
“
snowball
effect
”
can be disastrous to retailers.
According
to
the
research,
shoppers
who
purchased
clothing
encountered
the
most
problems. Ranked second
and third were grocery and electronics customers.
The most common complaints
include filled parking lots, cluttered
(
塞满了的
)
shelves,
overloaded
racks,
out-of-stock
items,
long
check-out
lines,
and
rude
salespeople.
During peak shopping hours, some
retailers solved the parking problems by
getting
moonlighting
(
业余兼职的
)
local
police
to
work
as
parking
attendants.
Some
hired
flag
wavers
to
direct
customers
to
empty
parking
spaces.
This
guidance
eliminated
the
need
for
customers
to
circle
the
parking
lot
endlessly,
and
avoided
confrontation
between those eyeing the same parking space.
Retailers
can
relieve
the
headaches
by
redesigning
store
layouts,
pre-stocking
sales
items,
hiring
speedy
and
experienced
cashiers,
and
having
sales
representatives on hand to answer
questions.
Most
importantly,
salespeople
should
be
diplomatic
and
polite
with
angry
customers.
“
Retailers
who're
responsive
and
friendly
are
more
likely
to
smooth
over
issues
than
those
who
aren't
so
friendly,
”
said
Professor
Stephen
Hoch.
“
Maybe
something
as simple as a
greeter at the store entrance would
help.
”
Customers
can
also
improve
future
shopping
experiences
by
filing
complaints
to
the
retailer,
instead
of
complaining
to
the
rest
of
the
world.
Retailers
are
hard-pressed to improve when they have
no idea what is wrong.
62.
Why are store managers often the last to hear
complaints?
A)
Most
customers
won't
bother
to
complain
even
if
they
have
had
unhappy
experiences.
B) Customers would rather relate their
unhappy experiences to people around them.
C) Few customers believe the service
will be improved.
D) Customers have no
easy access to store managers.
63. What
does Paula Courtney imply by saying
“
...the shopper must also
find a
replacement
”
(Line 2, Para.4)?
A) New customers are
bound to replace old ones.
B) It is not
likely the shopper can find the same products in
other stores.
C) Most stores provide
the same kind of service.
D) Not
complaining to the manager causes the shopper some
trouble too.
64.
Shop
owners
often
hire
moonlighting
police
as
parking
attendants
so
that
shoppers___________.
A) can stay longer browsing in the
store
B) won't have trouble parking
their cars
C) won't have any worries
about security
D) can find their cars
easily after shopping
65. What
contributes most to smoothing over issues with
customers?
A) Manners of the
salespeople.
B) Hiring of efficient
employees.
C) Huge supply of goods for
sale.
D) Design of the store layout.
66. To achieve better shopping
experiences, customers are advised to____________.
A) exert pressure on stores to improve
their service
B) settle their disputes
with stores in a diplomatic way
C)
voice their dissatisfaction to store managers
directly
D) shop around and make
comparisons between stores
BDBAC
09-6
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the
following passage.
The
January
fashion
show,
called
FutureFashion,
exemplified
how
far
green
design
has
come.
Organized
by
the
New
York-based
nonprofit
Earth
Pledge,
the
show
inspired
many
top
designers
to
work
with
sustainable
fabrics
for
the
first
time.
Several
have
since made pledges to include organic
fabrics in their lines.
The
designers
who
undertake
green
fashion
still
face
many
challenges.
Scott
Hahn,
cofounder
with
Gregory
of
Rogan
and
Loomstate,
which
uses
all-organic
cotton,
says
high-quality
sustainable
materials
can
still
be
tough
to
find.
“
Most
designers
with
existing labels are
finding there aren't comparable fabrics that can
just replace
what
you're
doing
and
what
your
customers
are
used
to,
”
he
says.
For
example,
organic
cotton and non-organic cotton are
virtually indistinguishable once woven into a
dress.
But
some
popular
synthetics,
like
stretch
nylon,
still
have
few
eco-friendly
equivalents.
Those who do
make the switch are finding they have more
support. Last year the
influential
trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its
participation fee
for young green
entrepreneurs
(
企业家
) who attend its two
springtime shows in Los
Angeles and New
York and gave special recognition to designers
whose collections
are at least 25%
sustainable. It now counts more than 50 green
designers, up from
fewer than a dozen
two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to
announce a major
initiative aimed at
helping cotton farmers go
organic
：
it will buy
transitional
(
过渡型的
) cotton at
higher prices, thus helping to expand the supply
of a key
sustainable material.
“
Mainstream is about to
occur,
”
says Hahn.
Some
analysts
(
分析师
)
are
less
sure.
Among
consumers,
only
18%
are
even
aware
that
ecofashion
exists,
up
from
6%
four
years
ago.
Natalie
Hormilla,
a
fashion
writer,
is
an
example
of
the
unconverted
consumer.
When
asked
if
she
owned
any
sustainable
clothes,
she
replied,
“
Not
that
I'm
aware
of.
”
Like
most
consumers,
she
finds
little
time to shop, and when she does, she's
on the hunt for
“
cute stuff
that isn't too
expensive
”
. By
her own admission, green just isn't yet on her
mind. But
—
thanks
to
the
combined
efforts
of
designers,
retailers
and
suppliers
—
one
day
it
will
be.
57. What is
said about FutureFashion?
A) It
inspired many leading designers to start going
green.
B) It showed that designers
using organic fabrics would go far.
C)
It served as an example of how fashion shows
should be organized.
D) It convinced
the public that fashionable clothes should be made
durable.
58. According to Scott Hahn,
one big challenge to designers who will go organic
is
that__________.
A) much
more time is needed to finish a dress using
sustainable materials
B) they have to
create new brands for clothes made of organic
materials
C) customers have difficulty
telling organic from non-organic materials
D) quality organic replacements for
synthetics are not readily available
59.
We
learn
from
Paragraph
3
that
designers
who
undertake
green
fashion____________.
A) can attend various trade shows free
B) are readily recognized by the
fashion world
C) can buy organic cotton
at favorable prices
D) are gaining more
and more support
60. What is Natalie
Hormilla's attitude toward ecofashion?
A) She doesn't seem to care about it.
B) She doesn't think it is sustainable.
C) She is doubtful of its practical
value.
D) She is very much opposed to
the idea.
61. What does the author
think of green fashion?
A) Green
products will soon go mainstream.
B) It
has a very promising future.
C)
Consumers have the final say.
D) It
will appeal more to young people.
ADDAB
Passage
Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the
following passage.
Scientists
have
devised
a
way
to
determine
roughly
where
a
person
has
lived
using
a
strand
(
缕
) of hair, a technique
that could help track the movements of criminal
suspects or unidentified murder
victims.
The method relies on
measuring how chemical variations in drinking
water show
up in people's hair.
“
You're
what
you
eat
and
drink,
and
that's
recorded
in
your
hair,
”
said
Thure
Cerling, a geologist
at the University of Utah.
While US
diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary.
The differences
result
from
weather
patterns.
The
chemical
composition
of
rainfall
changes
slightly
as rain clouds
move.
Most
hydrogen
and
oxygen
atoms
in
water
are
stable,
but
traces
of
both
elements
are also present as
heavier
isotopes
(
同位素
). The heaviest rain
falls first. As
a
result,
storms
that
form
over
the
Pacific
deliver
heavier
water
to
California
than
to Utah.
Similar
patterns
exist
throughout
the
US.
By
measuring
the
proportion
of
heavier
hydrogen and oxygen
isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can
construct a
geographic timeline. Each
inch of hair corresponds to about two months.
Cerling's team collected tap water
samples from 600 cities and constructed a
map of the regional differences. They
checked the accuracy of the map by testing
200 hair samples collected from 65
barber shops.
They were
able to accurately place the hair samples in broad
regions roughly
corresponding to the
movement of rain systems.
“
It's not good for
pinpointing
(
精确定位
),
”
Cerling said.
“
It's good for
eliminating many
possibilities.
”
Todd Park, a local detective, said the
method has helped him learn more about
an unidentified woman whose skeleton
was found near Great Salt Lake.
The
woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones,
a T-shirt and several
strands of hair.
When
Park
heard
about
the
research,
he
gave
the
hair
samples
to
the
researchers.
Chemical
testing showed that over the two years before her
death, she moved about
every two
months.
She
stayed
in
the
Northwest,
although
the
test
could
not
be
more
specific
than
somewhere between eas-tern Oregon and
western Wyoming.
“
It's
still
a
substantial
area,
”
Park
said.
“
But
it
narrows
it
way
down
for
me.
”
62. What is the scientists' new
discovery?
A) One's hair growth has to
do with the amount of water they drink.
B) A person's hair may reveal where
they have lived.
C) Hair analysis
accurately identifies criminal suspects.
D) The chemical composition of hair
varies from person to person.
63.
What
does
the
author
mean
by
“
You're
what
you
eat
and
drink
”
(Line
1,
Para.3)?
A)
Food and drink affect one's personality
development.
B) Food and drink
preferences vary with individuals.