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nyan【优质】英国文学第一学期名词解释

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2021-01-28 04:41
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2021年1月28日发(作者:产生)


英国文学第一学期名词解释



Allegory:


a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some


deeper underlying meaning, and serve to spread moral teaching.


Alliteration:


A poetic device where the first consonant sounds or any vowel sounds in


words or syllables are repeated.


Allusion:


A reference to a familiar literary or historical person or event, used to make an


idea more easily understood.


Ballad:


A short


poem


that tells a simple story and has a repeated refrain. Ballads were


originally intended to be sung. Early ballads, known as folk ballads, were passed down


through generations, so their authors are often unknown. Later ballads composed by


known authors are called literary ballads.


Blank Verse:


unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.


Carpe Diem


:


A Latin term meaning


theme


of


Poetry


,


especially lyrics. A


carpe diem


poem


advises the reader or the person it addresses to live


for today and enjoy the pleasures of the moment.


Two celebrated


carpe diem


poems are Andrew Marvell's


Herrick's poem beginning


Conceit:


an unusually far- fetched or elaborate metaphor or simile presenting a


surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings.


Connotation:


The impression that a word gives beyond its defined meaning.


Couplet:


Two lines of


Poetry


with the same


rhyme


and


Meter


, often expressing a


complete and self-contained thought.


Denotation:


The definition of a word, apart from the impressions or feelings it creates in


the reader.


Dramatic Monologue



Epic:


A long


narrative



poem


about the adventures of a


hero


of great historic or legendary


importance. The setting is vast and the action is often given cosmic significance through


the intervention of supernatural forces such as gods, angels, or demons. Epics are typically


written in a


classical



style


of grand simplicity with elaborate


Metaphor


s and allusions that


enhance the symbolic importance of a hero's adventures.


Frame story:



a story in which another story is enclosed or embedded as a “tale within a


tale”, or which contains several such tales.




Foot:


The smallest unit of rhythm in a line of


Poetry


. In English-language poetry, a foot is


typically one accented syllable combined with one or two unaccented syllables.


There are many different types of feet. When the accent is on the second syllable of a two


syllable word (con-


tort


), the foot is an


tor


-ture) is a



unaccented syllables followed by an accented syllable as in in- ter-


cept


, and


accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables as in


su


-i-cide.


Grub Street Writers:


Hack writers in the Eighteenth Century England. Many of them


lived on Grub Street. They took writing as a profession.


Heroic Couplet:


A rhyming


couplet


written in iambic pentameter (a


Verse


with five


iambic feet).


Humanism:


A philosophy that places faith in the dignity of humankind and rejects the


medieval perception of the individual as a weak, fallen creature.


believe in the perfectibility of human nature and view reason and education as the means


to that end.


Iambic pentametre:


If a line of a poem has five feet, and in each foot there are two


syllables, the first being unstressed, the second, stressed, the line is an iambic pentameter


line.



Irony:


In literary


criticism


, the effect of language in which the intended meaning is the


opposite of what is stated.


Metaphysical Poetry: The body of


poetry


produced by a group of seventeenth-century


English writers called the


Andrew Marvell. The Metaphysical Poets made use of everyday speech, intellectual


analysis, and unique


imagery


. They aimed to portray the ordinary


conflict


s and


contradictions of life. Their


poem


s often took the form of an


argument


, and many of them


emphasize physical and religious love as well as the fleeting nature of life.


Elaborate


conceit


s are typical in metaphysical poetry.


Metaphysical Poets: a group of 17


th


century English poets whose work is notable for its


ingenious use of intellectual concepts in surprising conceits, strange paradoxes, and


far-fetched imagery.



Meter:


In literary


criticism


, the repetition of sound patterns that creates a rhythm


in


Poetry


. The patterns are based on the number of syllables and the presence and


absence of


accent


s. The unit of rhythm in a line is called a


Foot


. Types of meter are


classified according to the number of feet in a line. These are the standard English lines:


Monometer, one foot; Dimeter, two feet; Trimeter, three feet; Tetrameter, four feet;


Pentameter, five feet; Hexameter, six feet (also called the Alexandrine); Heptameter,


seven feet (also called the


The most common English meter is the iambic pentameter, in which each line contains ten


syllables, or five iambic feet, which individually are composed of an unstressed syllable


followed by an accented syllable.


Oedipus Complex:


A son's amorous obsession with his mother. The phrase is derived


from the story of the ancient Theban


hero


Oedipus, who unknowingly killed his father and


married his mother.


Oxymoron:


A phrase combining two contradictory terms. Oxymorons may be intentional


or unintentional.


Paradox:


A statement that appears illogical or contradictory at first, but may actually


point to an underlying truth.


Poetic License:


Distortions of fact and literary


convention


made by a writer



not always


a


poet




for the sake of the effect gained. Poetic license is closely related to the concept of



Renaissance:


The period in European history that marked the end of the Middle Ages. It


began in Italy in the late fourteenth century. In broad terms, it is usually seen as spanning


the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries, although it did not reach Great Britain,


for example, until the 1480s or so. The Renaissance saw an awakening in almost every


sphere of human activity, especially science, philosophy, and the arts. The period is best


defined by the emergence of a general philosophy that emphasized the importance of the


intellect, the individual, and world affairs. It contrasts strongly with the medieval


worldview, characterized by the dominant concerns of faith, the social collective, and


spiritual salvation.


Rhyme:


When used as a noun in literary


criticism


, this term generally refers to a


poem


in


which words sound identical or very similar and appear in parallel positions in two or more


lines. Rhymes are classified into different types according to where they fall in a line or


stanza or according to the degree of similarity they exhibit in their spellings and sounds.


Some major types of rhyme are


In a masculine rhyme, the rhyming sound falls in a single


accent


ed syllable, as with


and


as with


the two unaccented syllables that follow:


Romance


: is a tale in verse, embodying the life and adventures of knights. Romance was


characteristic of the early feudal age, as it reflected the spirit of chivalry, i. e., the quality


and ideal of knightly conduct. The content of romance was usually about love, chivalry,


and religion. It generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of fighting as well


as a number of miscellaneous adventures;


Scansion:


The analysis or


poem


to determine its


Meter


and often


its


rhyme


scheme. The most common system of scansion uses


accent


s (slanted lines


drawn above syllables) to show stressed syllables, breves (curved lines drawn above


syllables) to show unstressed syllables, and vertical lines to separate each


Foot


.

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