struggled英语语言学填空题及答案1-5章

Chapter one

1.

Linguistics is generally defined as the

.

2.

The study of language as a whole is often called

.

3.

The

study

of_

used

in

linguistic

communication

led

to

the

establishment of phonetics.

4.

The study of

is known as semantics.

5.

Psycholinguistics relates the study of language to

.

6. The study of

is generally known as applied linguistics.

7. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people

actually use, it is said to be

.

8.

The

description

of

a

language

at

some

point

of

time

in

is

a

synchronic study the description of a language as it

through time

is a diachronic.

9.

From

the

point

of

view

of

linguistic

evolution,

speech

is

to

writing.

10.

_

refers

to

the

abstract

linguistic

system

shared

by

all

the

member of a speech community, and

refers to the realization of

langue in actual use.

11. Linguistic is descriptive while traditional grammer is

.

12. Modern linguistic regards the

language as primary, not the

written.

13.

Many

of

the

rules

of

traditional

grammer

apply

only

to

the

language.

14.

When

the

study

of

meaning

is

,not

in

isdation

,but

in

the

context

of

language

use,

it

becomes

another

branch

of

linguistic

study

called pragmatics.

15.

Prescriptive

and

descriptive

represent

two

different

of

linguistic study.

答案：

1.

scientific study of language

2.

general linguistics

3.

sounds

4.

meaning

5.

psychology

6.

applications

7.

descriptive

8.

history; changes

9.

prior

10.

l

angue; parole

11.

p

rescriptive

12.

s

poken

13.

w

ritten

14.

c

onducted

15.

t

ypes

Chapter Two

1.

Phonetics

is

defined

as

the

study

of

the

of

language;

if

is

concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s language.

2.

The

three

branches

of

phonetics

are_

,

auditory

phonetics

and acousfic

phonetics respectively.

3. English consonants can be classified in two ways: one is in terms of _

and the other is in terms of _

.

4. Both phonology and phonetics are concerned with the same aspect of

language-_______.

5.

The

different

throes

which

can

represent

a

phoneme

in

different

phonetics envronments are called the _

of that phoneme.

6. The assimulation rules assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a

feature of a_______; thus making the two phones similate.

7.

The assimulation

rule also

accounts

for the

_______ of the

alvedar

nasal in some sound combinations.

8.

The

deletion

rule

tells

us

when

a

sound

is

to

be

deleted

although

it

is______.

9. Language is first ______through its sounds.

10.

The

letter

[P]

in

terms

of

place

of

articulation______

in

terms

of

manner of articulation is _______.

11.

_______,

not

phonetic

identity

is

the

ctciterion

with

which

we

operate the phonological analysis of

language

.

12. The greatest source of modification

of the air stream is

founding

the _______.

13.

Corresponding

to

the

distinction

of

long

and

short

vowels

is

the

distinction of _____and______ vowels .

14. A phoneme is further analyzable because it consists of a set of______.

15.

Similar

alteration

of

stress

also

occurs

between

a

______and

a

phrase consisting of the same elements.

答案

:

1.

phonic medium

2.

labeled articulation phonetics

3.

manner of articulation; place of articulation

4.

the speech sounds

5.

allo

phones

6.

sequential phoneme

7.

varying pronunciation

8.

orthographically represented

9.

perceived

10.

b

ilabial; stops

11.

p

honetic similarity

12.

o

ral cavity

13.

t

ense; lox

14.

s

imultaneous distinctive features

15.

c

ompound noun

Chapter Three

1.

Linguists

define the word as the smallest ______found in language.

2.

Morpheme

is

the_______________

that

carries

information

about

meaning or function.

3.

The

root

consistutes

the

_____

of

the

word

and

carries

the

major

components of its meaning .

4.

Morpheme are usually ______: there is no nature connection between

their sound and meaning.

5.

When _______ are conjoined to other morpheme

（

or words

）

, a new

words are derived , or formed.

6.

Derivation is an _______ that form a word with meaning and category

distinct from that

of its bases.

7.

Unlike

phonemes

and

syllables

which

are

the

elements

of

sound

,

words_______.

8.

______ are the foundation building blocks of a language .

9.

Linguists use the term morphology to refer to the part of the grammer

that is concerned with ______ and ________.

10.

T

he

content

words

of

language

,

such

as

____,_____,_____and

adverbs, are sometimes called open class words.

11.

Affixes______

belong

to

a

lexical

category

and

are

always

bound

morpheme.

12.

Bound

morphemes

which

are

for

the

most

part

purely

grammatical

makers

and

signify

such

concepts

as

tense,

number,

case

are

called_________.

13.

_

______, ________ and free morphemes combine are the major ways

to produce new words.

14.

The ways word are formed are called _______.

15.

When two words are in the same _______, the compound will be in

this category.

答案：