鸭子的英文英语国家社会与文化入门名词解释3-10部分

Unit 3

1.

The

first

english

settlement:

was

founded

in1607in

virginia,

and

it

was

organized

by

the

London Company with a charter from the English king James I.

2.

Puritanism:

in the 16th and 17th cent., a movement for reform in the Church of England that

had

a

profound

influence

on

the

social,

political,

ethical,

and

theological

ideas

of

England

and

America.

3.

The

declaration

of

independence

:

written

by

Thomas

Jefferson

of

Virginia,

proclaimed

the

independence of 13 North American colonies.

4.

George Washington:

is the first president of the United states, from 1759 to the outbreak of the

American Revolution, he managed his lands around Mount Vernon.

5..

Benjamin

Franklin

:

was

one

of

the

Founding

Fathers

of

the United

States of

is

credited as being foundational to the roots of American values and character

Unit 5

1.

Eli Whitney

: made cotton production more efficient by inventing the cotton gin, which rapidly

removed the seeds from the bolls of cotton.

2.

Samuel

Slater:

built

a

cotton

cloth

factory,

which

started

a

process

of

chang

that

turned

the

northeastern region of the United States into an important manufacturing center.

3.

Industrial revolution

In England, especially machinery run by water power and later by steam

power was used to manufacture cloth, this changed the ways that people worked.

4.

Corporation

:In

the

early

years

of

the

United

States

,

banks

were

one

of

the

few

businesses

organized in the form of corporations, the creation survived the death of its founder of founders.

5.

Service industries

: industries that sell a service rather than make a product , and now dominate

the economy.

6.

Agribusiness:

has been coined to reflect the large-scale nature of agricultural enterprise in the

modern US economy.

:

very early, people in the United States saw that they could make money by lending it to

those who wanted to start or to extend a business. That led to a creation of an important part of the

current economic scene.

t

workers:

on

large

farms

,many

of

the

workers

are

hired

only

for

a

specific

chore,

many of these seasonal workers travel form farm to farm, staying only until the crops are picked.

Unit 6

1.

Religious liberty in the US:

the great awakening of the 1740s, a

sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of protestant religious

group.

2.

The

baptists

in

the

US:

are

the

largest

protestant

group .

They

believe

in

adult

baptism

by

immersion, symbolizing a mature and responsible conversion experience.

3.

Catholic in the US :

the largest single religious group , about one-quarter of all Americans

are

of

the

Roman

Catholic

faith,

and

the

majority

of

them

are

descendants

of

immigrants

from

Ireland.

Unit 8

1.

Elementary school:

it usually means grades kindergarten(K) through 8, but in some places, the

elementary school includes only grades K to 6

education:

the

system

of

higher

education

in

the

US

is

complex,

it

comprises

four

categories of institutions:1 the university 2 the four-year undergraduate institution 3 the technical