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American History
?
I.
America in the colonial era
?
II. The War of Independence
?
III. The Civil
War
?
IV
. America
during the two World Wars
I. America in
the colonial era
?
Who were
the very first Americans?
?
Who was the first one
discovering the new continent?
?
After whom was the new
continent named?
I. America
in the colonial era
?
very
first Americans were Indians.
?
They created their
civilization, known as Maya civilization,
dominating Mexico and Central America from 4th to
the 10th centuries.
?
They were the descendants
of the Mongoloid (
蒙古人种的
)
people in Asia.
?
About 20,000 years ago,
they traveled to the North American continent
across
the Bering Strait
(
白令海峡
).
?
2.
Christopher Columbus
is
believed to have discovered America.
?
In
1492
,
Christopher
Columbus
discovered America. However,
he believed he had reached India and called the
natives Indians.
?
In 1500, Amerigo
Vespucci
, an Italian navigator, also
under the Spanish flag, drew the conclusion that
what he
found was a new continent.
3. The establishment of
colonies
?
Since
the
America
was
found,
the
Spanish
established
many
colonies:
Florida,
Los
Angeles,
and
San
Francisco
.
?
In
1588,
the
Spanish
Armada
was
defeated
by
the
English
navy
，
which
put
England
in
a
better
position
to
provide support for its
New World colonies.
3. The establishment of colonies
?
Between 1607 and 1733 the
British established 13 colonies along the east
coast of North America.
?
These 13 colonies were
established in different patterns:
?
crown colonies (
直辖殖民地
),
?
proprietary colonies (
业主殖民地
),
?
charter colonies (
特许公司殖民地
),
?
self-governing or compact
colonies (
自治殖民地或契约殖民地
).
?
1)
The first successful English colony in North
America was founded at
Jamestown,
Virginia
, in 1607.
?
2) In 1620, a group of
Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called
Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth,
and
built
the
New
Plymouth
colony
in
New
England.
These
Pilgrims
drew
up
the
epoch-making
Mayflower
Compact
(
五月花契约
)
, which
was signed by all adult males on the ship.
3. The
establishment of colonies
?
3) From 1630 to 1643, some
200 ships transported over 20,000 Englishmen to
the Massachusetts Bay colony.
?
Plymouth remained a
separate colony until 1691 when it was combined
with
Massachusetts Bay
colony
.
Puritans
?
People who
criticized or wished to
?
?
Puritans,
radical
Protestants,
such
as
the
Plymouth
colonists,
the
pilgrims,
who
believed
that
the
Church of England was corrupt and that
true Christians must separate themselves from it;
and
?
“non
-
separating”
Puritans,
such
as
the
colonists
who
settled
the
Massachusetts
Bay
Colony,
who
believed
in
reform but not separation.
Puritans
?
(1) Puritans believed that
God had set special duties for everyone to carry
out.
?
(2) These
puritans were well known for their spirit of
enterprise and high standard of morality.
?
(3) Puritans
advocated thriftiness in doing things and rejected
all church rituals. They demanded equality and
opposed all priestly hierarchy.
Puritans
?
(4) They believed it was
noble to protect human rights in their pursuit of
wealth.
?
(5)
Puritans placed great importance on education and
founded Harvard College in 1636. Most of the
Puritans
were well-educated and
wealthy.
Puritans
3. The establishment of colonies
?
4) The Rhode Island Colony
was founded by dissenters pushed out of
Massachusetts.
?
5) The other four colonies:
the Connecticut Colony, the New Hampshire colony,
Maine, Vermont comprises the
region,
known as
New England
.
3. The
establishment of colonies
?
The
New
Englanders
,
despite
their
differences,
mostly
belong
to
the
Puritan
group
in
religion.
Their
values
include the belief in
hard work, thriftiness, accumulation of wealth,
self-government, acquisitiveness, and Puritanic
morality. Their culture laid the
foundation of American values and became the
American mainstream culture. And
New
England has been regarded as the cradle of
American democracy.
3. The establishment of colonies
?
6) New York and New Jersey
were first colonized by the Dutch while Delaware
was founded by the Swedish.
These three
colonies were later taken over by the English
Crown as crown colonies.
3. The establishment of colonies
?
7) Pennsylvania was founded
by William Penn. Pen
n set up a colony,
Pennsylvania, meaning “Penn’s wood”. He
adopted a tolerant policy which
welcomed any settlers who read the Bible and
believed in God. Pennsylvania later
played an active role in fighting for
America’s independence and against the slave
s
ystem in the South.
3. The establishment of
colonies
?
8) The other
colonies were Maryland, South and North Carolinas,
and Georgia.
?
So, by 1773,
English settlers had occupied 13 colonies along
the Atlantic coast.
4. Features of
American culture:
?
1) a blending of European
cultures under new circumstances in the New World
?
2) less formal but more
pragmatic, less conservative and more outspoken;
?
3) hard-work,
diligence, religious tolerance, respect of
individual rights
?
(people
of
different
national
origi
ns
required
social
life
to
show
toleration;
not
interfering
in
others’
privacy;
problems concerning belief became a
private affair)
?
4)
attaching great importance to education
?
founding Harvard College in
Massachusetts 1636 by the Puritans with the
original idea of enabling people to read
Bible and communicate with God.
?
Who
were the very first Americans?
?
Who is believed to have
discovered America?
?
After
whom America was named?
?
Which was the first
successful English colony in North America?
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