mariner-表演艺术家
Eg3.
在投资
环境不断改善的条件下,对外商投资要坚持竞争择
优的原则,
按
国际惯例和建立社会主义市场经济体制的要求,
创
造条件,逐步
实行国民待遇。
With
the
investment
environment
further
improved,
we
should
persist
in
the
principle
of
selecting
the
best
from
the
investors
in
competitions
for
the
foreign
investment
by
creating
favorable
conditions
according
to
international
best
practices
and
the
requirements
of
establishing
a
socialist
market
economy
to
carry
gradually on the treating Chinese and
foreign investment alike.
(
2
p>
)汉语动词连贯句与英语逻辑主次关系:
汉语中有不少句子中由一连串动词短语可以连续排列组合成
句,
尽管各动词间动作有主次先后之分,但形态上却无标识。而
翻译时应该将各个动词间分出
一定的主次关系。
Eg1.
p>
所有企业都必须认真执行企业内部各项规章制度,加强基
础工作,<
/p>
重视职工队伍建设,坚持从严治厂。
All enterprises must be strict in their
management work by enforcing
rules,
regulations
and
supporting
measures,
and
by
attaching
importance to the education of workers
and administrative staff.
Eg2.
要鼓励发达地区(对少数民族地区)的对口支援,加
快民
族地区改革开发和社会经济发展,逐步实现共同富裕。
We
should
encourage
the
economically
developed
areas
to
offer
them appropriate assistance with a view
to accelerating their reform,
open-up,
and
social
and
economic
development,
helping
them
gradually achieve prosperity.
Eg3.
国企改革是一项艰巨复杂
的任务,必须解放思想,勇于探
索、大胆实践、采取有力措施,争取几年的努力,取得明
显的成
就。
Reform of
the state enterprises is a very difficult and
complex task
which demands emancipation
of minds and bold exploration in both
theory and practice, strong measures
and sustained efforts for several
years
to come before marked results can be achieved.
(3)
汉语中过多修饰词的翻译:
汉译英中应避免忠实翻译原文每一个词,
否则显得不符合逻辑;
正如写作时应该简洁:
city proper
a proper word in proper
place is proper English.
切忌堆砌和滥用修饰语;
“进一步开展节约能源的宣传,
努力
提高全社会节能意识
”
the idea of saving energy
should be
promoted among
the public;
“切实
加强。
。
。
。
,
“不断”把改革推进。
。
。
汉语里修饰语特别多,
“胜利召开,
热烈欢呼,认真执行,彻底粉碎
…
.
不切实际的幻想,毫无根据的诽谤”
如果译成:
successfully convened,
impractical illusion,
groundless libel
…
就显得多余而且很不地道
…
true facts; officially prohibited;
urgent crisis
这常常是因为语气和音节的习惯:
“很好”
一般就译为:
good;
因为汉语是一种线性铺陈的语言,
首先要考虑的是听起来
eg.1
中国政府将采取
更为有力
的措施,
进一步
健全
<
/p>
耕地保护制度,
切实加强
基本农田保护;
The Chinese government will
adopt still more effective
measures to improve the land
preservation system and
strengthen the protection of basic
farmland.
Eg2.
继续开辟和疏通多种渠道,切实保障
人民群众的民主权利;
We
should continue to open channels to
guarantee the
people
’
s democratic rights;
Eg3.
积极推进
各项配套改革;
We shall
press ahead
with all the supportive reforms;
英文不适宜加“
actively<
/p>
”一词;
(
4
)四字语的翻译:四字语是汉语中最常用的
< br>
表达方式;
翻译时,应该深刻领会原文的含义,
用简洁的词汇或结构来处理;
同时在英译汉中要有意识地使用四字结构;
eg1.
作为世界第一大洲,亚洲
幅员辽阔,
人口众多,资源丰富
,有着巨大的发展潜力。
< br>endowed
Asia, the largest continent in the
world,
is a vast land with
a huge population, abundant natural resources and
enormous potential for development
Eg2.
我们愿意在平等互利,相互开放,长期合作,
共同发展的基础上,进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作
和贸易交流。
We stand ready to
strengthen economic
cooperation and trade ties
with other Asian nations
on
the basis of equality, mutual benefit,
mutual openness, long-term cooperation
and common progress.
Eg3.
今后
20
年是承前启后,继往开来的重要时期;
The next 20 years represents an
extremely
important period
linking the
past with the future.
汉语的
四字结构的语义搭配多为“同义反复”
,
所以英译时不宜直译,只可意译;
(
1
)
相加式:比肩继踵
jostle
each other
(
2
)
四字交错:
改弦易辙,
change
on
e’
s course;
字斟句酌;
weigh every word;
(
3
)反义交错:无独有偶,
coincidentally;
貌合神离:
be
harmonious in appearance;
(
3
)
同义反义交错:左思右想,
think from different angels;
走南闯北:
travel a lot;
eg4:
自此而下,江面宽阔,水流平缓,一叶轻舟,
顺流而下,沿江景色,饱览无遗;
Down from here, the river becomes wide
and calm.
If you take a
light skiff down the stream, you will
drink in(have a eye feast of ) the
beauty along the river.
汉语虽然洒脱,但英文从逻辑上却必须分清楚,
前半部分讲河,后半部分讲人。
(英文在逻辑问题上一点都不能含糊:
正如:
冬天北京气温比广州低;
译文:
in winter,
the temperature in Beijing
is lower than that in Guangzhou;
汉语习语的翻译:
1
.英汉两语皆有类似用法或典故:
Great minds are alike;
英雄所见略同;
Burn
one
’
s boat:
破釜沉舟
Heaven help
those who help themselves:
苍天不负苦心人
2
.直译:
shuttle diplomacy:
穿梭外交;
远水不解近渴:
Distant water
can
’
t quench present
thirst..
3.
意译(节译)
:
东山再起:
stage a comeback
锦囊妙计:
a brilliant scheme
惊心动魄:
soul-stirring
黔驴技穷:
at
one
’
s wits end.
4.
增译
(
加注
)
:
班门弄斧:
show
off
one
’
s
axe
skill
before
Lu
Ban,
the
master
carpenter;
东施效颦等;
5
.回译:
君子协定:
gentlemen
’
s
agreement;
洗脑:
brainwashing
p>
…
粉饰:
whitewash;
草根阶层
: grass root
level
一石二鸟:
one stone
kills two birds;
6.
口译中最佳境界:寻找
equivalent
千里之行,始于足下
Every
march of a thousand miles begins with one step;
半斤八两:
six of one and half a dozen of the
other;
搬起石头砸自己的脚:
found
themselves
hoist
with
their
own
petard;
绍兴师爷:
译成:
Philadelphia
lawyer;
shrewd lawyer;
一个和尚跳水吃,
...
One
boy's one boy; two boys half boy; three boys no
boy;
温州人:
China's Jews
张三李四:
Dick and
Jane;
绝交信:
a Dear John's Letter;
不见黄河心不死
one'll
not perish his thought until he's completely
cornered.
群雄逐鹿;
圣杯,圣盘
[Holy
grail]
据中世纪传说为基督在最后的晚餐上用过的那个杯或盘子
,
它被
带到英国
,
然后就成为骑土们追求的目标
,
软肋
,
把柄:
可翻译成:
Achilles'
heel
open the Pandora's box
打开了潘多拉的盒子
Domino
effect
推倒了多米诺骨牌:
push down dominos;
chain effect or ripple effect;
千钧一发:
It's like Damocles sword
hanging overhead
达摩克利斯
Damocles
二.英译汉中难点
1
.打乱句序,原文中是主-谓-宾,翻译不一定是,完全可以
打乱重来;
(1)
连接动词
译时省略或转成小句子:
The cold weather frosted
the runway last night
;
昨晚天气寒冷,跑道上结了霜;
My toes were frostbitten
from skating too long;
滑冰时间太长,
(使)我脚趾冻伤了。
Regretfully, mounting costs have forced
the museum to close
遗憾的是,不断增加的费用迫使博物馆关了门。
费用不断增加,博物馆被迫关门。
1.
英译汉句子的基本程序:
理解阶段:
(
1
)紧缩主干
:
辨析出
SV-SVO-
SV
.IO.
等
识别谓语形态,确定时态、语态、语气
(
2
)
辨析词义:
识别词义、确定词义,
辨析词语形态与语法关系
(
4
)
区分主从:
识别修饰语与被修饰语,
主句与从句
判断各成分间的内在关系
(
5
)
捋清层次:
推断句子思维逻辑发展形式及重心
表达解读:
(
6
)
按汉语习惯形成的主谓宾搭配调整各层次语序,
捋顺表达法
英译汉中英文长句的翻译方法:
(1)
包孕(
Embedding<
/p>
)
(
2
)
切断或分切法:将英文长句化整为零,
按意群切断,在原句关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接、
并列或转折处、后续成分与主体连接处切分。
(
3
)倒置:
(
4
)拆离法:
将英文原句中某些成分
(句子、词组或词)从句子主干中拆离,
另行处理,以更为合理安排译文。
Eg. An outsider
’
s
success could even curiously
help the two parties to get the
agreement they want.
说来奇怪,一个局外人取得的成功竟然能够
促使双方达成一项他们希望取得的协议。
The number of
the young people in the US
who cannot read is incredibly about one
in four
大约有
1/4
的美国年轻人没有阅读能力
,
这简直令人难以置信!
Eg. I was admittedly shy;
我是以腼腆胆怯而著称的;
(意思尚可,但语体不符合
…
)
拆离:
大家都知道,我曾很腼腆胆怯;
定语的拆分:
He had
several romantic daughters;
他有几个女儿,都很浪漫;
改变原文的视角:
the
incredible gift of
my
Stanford Experience;
(斯坦福这些年给了我难以估量的宝贵积累)
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