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mariner最后一节课翻译补充讲义

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2021-01-28 02:51
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mariner-表演艺术家

2021年1月28日发(作者:芬兰语翻译)




Eg3.


在投资 环境不断改善的条件下,对外商投资要坚持竞争择


优的原则,


按 国际惯例和建立社会主义市场经济体制的要求,



造条件,逐步 实行国民待遇。



With


the


investment


environment


further


improved,


we


should


persist


in


the


principle


of


selecting


the


best


from


the


investors


in


competitions


for


the


foreign


investment


by


creating


favorable


conditions


according


to


international


best


practices


and


the


requirements


of


establishing


a


socialist


market


economy


to


carry


gradually on the treating Chinese and foreign investment alike.







2


)汉语动词连贯句与英语逻辑主次关系:




汉语中有不少句子中由一连串动词短语可以连续排列组合成


句, 尽管各动词间动作有主次先后之分,但形态上却无标识。而


翻译时应该将各个动词间分出 一定的主次关系。




Eg1.


所有企业都必须认真执行企业内部各项规章制度,加强基


础工作,< /p>



重视职工队伍建设,坚持从严治厂。



All enterprises must be strict in their management work by enforcing


rules,


regulations


and


supporting


measures,


and


by


attaching


importance to the education of workers and administrative staff.




Eg2.


要鼓励发达地区(对少数民族地区)的对口支援,加 快民


族地区改革开发和社会经济发展,逐步实现共同富裕。



We


should


encourage


the


economically


developed


areas


to


offer


them appropriate assistance with a view to accelerating their reform,


open-up,


and


social


and


economic


development,


helping


them


gradually achieve prosperity.



Eg3.


国企改革是一项艰巨复杂 的任务,必须解放思想,勇于探


索、大胆实践、采取有力措施,争取几年的努力,取得明 显的成


就。



Reform of the state enterprises is a very difficult and complex task


which demands emancipation of minds and bold exploration in both


theory and practice, strong measures and sustained efforts for several


years to come before marked results can be achieved.




(3)


汉语中过多修饰词的翻译:






汉译英中应避免忠实翻译原文每一个词,



否则显得不符合逻辑;






正如写作时应该简洁:


city proper



a proper word in proper place is proper English.





切忌堆砌和滥用修饰语;



“进一步开展节约能源的宣传,



努力


提高全社会节能意识





the idea of saving energy should be



promoted among the public;




“切实 加强。








“不断”把改革推进。

< p>






汉语里修饰语特别多,


“胜利召开,



热烈欢呼,认真执行,彻底粉碎



.


不切实际的幻想,毫无根据的诽谤”





如果译成:


successfully convened,



impractical illusion, groundless libel




就显得多余而且很不地道







true facts; officially prohibited; urgent crisis



这常常是因为语气和音节的习惯:



“很好”



一般就译为:


good;




因为汉语是一种线性铺陈的语言,



首先要考虑的是听起来



eg.1



中国政府将采取


更为有力

< p>
的措施,


进一步


健全


< /p>


耕地保护制度,


切实加强


基本农田保护;



The Chinese government will adopt still more effective



measures to improve the land preservation system and



strengthen the protection of basic farmland.


Eg2.



继续开辟和疏通多种渠道,切实保障



人民群众的民主权利;



We should continue to open channels to



guarantee the people



s democratic rights;



Eg3.


积极推进


各项配套改革;



We shall


press ahead


with all the supportive reforms;



英文不适宜加“


actively< /p>


”一词;





4


)四字语的翻译:四字语是汉语中最常用的

< br>


表达方式;






翻译时,应该深刻领会原文的含义,



用简洁的词汇或结构来处理;






同时在英译汉中要有意识地使用四字结构;





eg1.


作为世界第一大洲,亚洲


幅员辽阔,



人口众多,资源丰富


,有着巨大的发展潜力。

< br>endowed





Asia, the largest continent in the world,



is a vast land with a huge population, abundant natural resources and


enormous potential for development






Eg2.


我们愿意在平等互利,相互开放,长期合作,




共同发展的基础上,进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作



和贸易交流。





We stand ready to



strengthen economic



cooperation and trade ties with other Asian nations



on the basis of equality, mutual benefit,



mutual openness, long-term cooperation



and common progress.







Eg3.


今后

20


年是承前启后,继往开来的重要时期;



The next 20 years represents an


extremely



important period


linking the past with the future.







汉语的 四字结构的语义搭配多为“同义反复”




所以英译时不宜直译,只可意译;




1




相加式:比肩继踵



jostle each other




2




四字交错:



改弦易辙,


change on


e’


s course;



字斟句酌;


weigh every word;

< p>


3


)反义交错:无独有偶,

coincidentally;





貌合神离:


be harmonious in appearance;



3




同义反义交错:左思右想,



think from different angels;


走南闯北:


travel a lot;






eg4:


自此而下,江面宽阔,水流平缓,一叶轻舟,



顺流而下,沿江景色,饱览无遗;



Down from here, the river becomes wide and calm.



If you take a light skiff down the stream, you will



drink in(have a eye feast of ) the beauty along the river.



汉语虽然洒脱,但英文从逻辑上却必须分清楚,



前半部分讲河,后半部分讲人。



(英文在逻辑问题上一点都不能含糊:




正如:



冬天北京气温比广州低;







译文:



in winter, the temperature in Beijing



is lower than that in Guangzhou;




汉语习语的翻译:



1


.英汉两语皆有类似用法或典故:



Great minds are alike;


英雄所见略同;



Burn one



s boat:


破釜沉舟



Heaven help those who help themselves:


苍天不负苦心人



2


.直译:



shuttle diplomacy:


穿梭外交;



远水不解近渴:


Distant water can



t quench present thirst..


3.


意译(节译)





东山再起:


stage a comeback


锦囊妙计:


a brilliant scheme


惊心动魄:


soul-stirring


黔驴技穷:


at one



s wits end.


4.


增译


(


加注


)




班门弄斧:


show


off


one



s


axe


skill


before


Lu


Ban,


the


master


carpenter;


东施效颦等;



5


.回译:



君子协定:


gentlemen



s agreement;


洗脑:


brainwashing





粉饰:



whitewash;



草根阶层


: grass root level




一石二鸟:



one stone kills two birds;


6.


口译中最佳境界:寻找


equivalent


千里之行,始于足下



Every march of a thousand miles begins with one step;


半斤八两:




six of one and half a dozen of the other;


搬起石头砸自己的脚:




found


themselves


hoist


with


their


own


petard;


绍兴师爷:



译成:



Philadelphia lawyer;



shrewd lawyer;


一个和尚跳水吃,


...


One boy's one boy; two boys half boy; three boys no boy;



温州人:



China's Jews




张三李四:



Dick and Jane;



绝交信:



a Dear John's Letter;



不见黄河心不死



one'll not perish his thought until he's completely cornered.


群雄逐鹿;




圣杯,圣盘



[Holy grail]


据中世纪传说为基督在最后的晚餐上用过的那个杯或盘子


,


它被


带到英国


,

< p>
然后就成为骑土们追求的目标


,


软肋


,


把柄:



可翻译成:



Achilles' heel


open the Pandora's box


打开了潘多拉的盒子



Domino effect



推倒了多米诺骨牌:




push down dominos;


chain effect or ripple effect;


千钧一发:





It's like Damocles sword hanging overhead


达摩克利斯



Damocles





二.英译汉中难点



1


.打乱句序,原文中是主-谓-宾,翻译不一定是,完全可以


打乱重来;



(1)


连接动词 译时省略或转成小句子:






The cold weather frosted the runway last night







昨晚天气寒冷,跑道上结了霜;





My toes were frostbitten from skating too long;





滑冰时间太长,


(使)我脚趾冻伤了。






Regretfully, mounting costs have forced



the museum to close





遗憾的是,不断增加的费用迫使博物馆关了门。






费用不断增加,博物馆被迫关门。




1.



英译汉句子的基本程序:



理解阶段:



1


)紧缩主干






辨析出


SV-SVO- SV


.IO.































识别谓语形态,确定时态、语态、语气





2




辨析词义:




识别词义、确定词义,



辨析词语形态与语法关系




4




区分主从:



识别修饰语与被修饰语,



主句与从句



判断各成分间的内在关系




5




捋清层次:




推断句子思维逻辑发展形式及重心



表达解读:








6




按汉语习惯形成的主谓宾搭配调整各层次语序,



捋顺表达法



















英译汉中英文长句的翻译方法:



(1)


包孕(


Embedding< /p>






2




切断或分切法:将英文长句化整为零,



按意群切断,在原句关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接、



并列或转折处、后续成分与主体连接处切分。




3


)倒置:




4


)拆离法:



将英文原句中某些成分



(句子、词组或词)从句子主干中拆离,



另行处理,以更为合理安排译文。



Eg. An outsider



s success could even curiously



help the two parties to get the agreement they want.




说来奇怪,一个局外人取得的成功竟然能够



促使双方达成一项他们希望取得的协议。





The number of the young people in the US



who cannot read is incredibly about one in four




大约有


1/4


的美国年轻人没有阅读能力


,


这简直令人难以置信!




Eg. I was admittedly shy;





我是以腼腆胆怯而著称的;


(意思尚可,但语体不符合





拆离:



大家都知道,我曾很腼腆胆怯;




定语的拆分:



He had several romantic daughters;





他有几个女儿,都很浪漫;




改变原文的视角:



the incredible gift of



my Stanford Experience;




















(斯坦福这些年给了我难以估量的宝贵积累)



mariner-表演艺术家


mariner-表演艺术家


mariner-表演艺术家


mariner-表演艺术家


mariner-表演艺术家


mariner-表演艺术家


mariner-表演艺术家


mariner-表演艺术家



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