翻译机器-6788
2016
年
6
月大学英
语四级真题及参考答案
Part
Ⅱ
Listening Comprehension
（听力部分共有两套）
四级第一套
Section A
1. C)
Rising unemployment worldwide.
2. A)
Many countries have not taken measures to create
enough jobs.
3. B) Put calorie
information on the menu.
4. A) They
will be fined.C) They will get a warning.
5. D) Failure to integrate innovation
into their business.
6. B) It is the
creation of something new.
7. C) Its
innovation culture.
Section
B
8. D) He does
not talk long on the phone.
9. B) Talk
at length.
10. A) He thought it was
cool.
11. C) It is childish and
unprofessional.
12. B) He is unhappy
with his department manager.
13. A) His
workload was much too heavy.
14. C) His
boss has a lot of trust in him.
15. D)
Talk to his boss in person first.
Section C
16. A)
The importance of sleep to a healthy life.
17. C) They get less and less sleep.
18. D) Their blood pressure will rise.
19. B) What course you are going to
choose.
20. D) The personal statement.
21. C) Indicate they have reflected and
thought about the subject.
22. B) It
was built in the late 19th century.
23.
D) They often broke down.
24. A) They
were produced on the assembly line.
25.
C) It marked a new era in motor travel.
四级第二套
第
1
页
Section A
1. C) Why sufficient sleep
is important for college students.
2.
C) Making last-minute preparations for tests may
be less effective than sleeping.
3. B)
Whether the British irports Authority should sell
off some of its assets.
4. D) Lack of
runway and terminal capacity.
5. D)
Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.
6. A) The biggest increase in nicotine
content tended to be in brands young smokers like.
7. B) They were not prepared to comment
on the cigarette study.
Section B
8. A)
Holland.
9. D) Learning a language
where it is not spoken.
10. C) Trying
to speak it as much as one can.
11. A)
It provides opportunities for language practice.
12. B) Rules and regulations for
driving.
13.C) Make cars that are less
powerful.
14. D) They tend to drive
responsibly.
15. C) It is not useful.
Section C
16. D) The card reader
failed to do the scanning.
17. B) By
covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.
18. A) Produce many low-tech fixes for
high-tech failures.
19. A) They vary
among different departments.
20.D) By
contacting the deparmental office.
21.
B) They specify the number of credits students
must earn.
22. C) Students in health
classes.
23. A) Its overemphasis on
thinness.
24. B) To explain how
computer images can be misleading.
25.
C) To promote her own concept of beauty.
Part
Ⅲ
Reading
Comprehension
四级第一套
Section A
26.O)
tend
27.M) review
28.L)
performance
第
2
页
29.K)
particularly
30.N) survive
31.E) dropping
32.J)
mutually
33.H) flow
34.F)
essential
35.I) mood
Section B
36.E
）
“We thought
we would see differences based on the housing
types,” said the lead author of
the
study,
Julie
Robison,
an
associate
professor
of
medicine
at
the
university.
A
reasonable
assumption
—
don't
families struggle to avoid nursing homes and
suffer real guilt if they can't?
37.L
）
Of
course,
sons
and
daughters
want
to
visit
the
facilities,
talk
to
the
administrators
and
residents
and
other
families,
and do
everything
possible
to
fulfill
their
duties.
But perhaps
they
don't
have
to
turn
themselves
into
private
investigators
or
Congressional
subcommittees.
“Families can
look a bit more for where the residents are going
to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And
involving the future resident in the
process can be very important.
38.B
）
Does
assisted
living
really
mark
a
great
improvement
over
a
nursing
home,
or
has
the
industry simply hired
better interior designers? Are nursing homes as
bad as people fear, or is that
an
out-moded
stereotype
(
固定看法
)
？
Can
doing
one's
homework
really
steer
families
to
the
best places? It is genuinely hard to
know.
39.H
）
An
elderly
person
who
describes
herself
as
in
poor
health,
therefore,
might
be
no
less
depressed in assisted living (even if
her children preferred it) than in a nursing home.
A person
who had input into where he
would move and has had time to adapt to it might
do as well in a
nursing home as in a
small
residential care home, other
factors being equal. It is an interaction
between
the
person
and
the
place,
not
the
sort
of
place
in
itself,
that
leads
to
better
or
worse
experiences.
“You
can't
just
say,
‘Let's
put
this
person
in
a
residential
care
home
instead
of
a
nursing
home
—she will be much better off,’” Dr.
Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a
combination of what people bring in
with them, and what they find there.”
40.N
）
The daughter
feared her mother would be ignored there, and so
she decided to move her into
a more
welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from
some of this research, that might have
been as rational a way as any to reach
a decision.
41.J
）
As
I
was
considering
all
this,
a
press
release
from
a
respected
research
firm
crossed
my
desk
，
announcing
that
the
five-star
rating
system
that
Medicare
developed
in
2008
to
help
families
compare nursing home quality also has little
relationship to how satisfied its residents or
their family members are. As a matter
of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction
with the
one-star facilities, the
lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.(More
on this study and the star
ratings will
appear in a subsequent post.)
第
3
页
42.F
）
In the
initial results, assisted living residents did
paint the most positive picture. They were
less likely to report symptoms of
depression than those in the other facilities, for
instance, and less
likely to be bored
or lonely. They scored higher on social
interaction.
43.C
）
I am about
to make things more complicated by suggesting that
what kind of facility an
older
person
lives
in
may
matter
less
than
we
have
assumed.
And
that
the
characteristics
adult
children look for when
they begin the search are not necessarily the
things that make a difference
to the
people who are going to move in. I am not talking
about the quality of care
，
let me hastily
add. Nobody
flourishes in a gloomy environment with
irresponsible staff and a poor safety record.
But an accumulating body of research
indicates that some distinctions between one type
of elder
care and another have little
real bearing on how well residents do.
44.I
）
Such
findings, which run counter to common sense, have
surfaced before. In a multi-state
study
of assisted living, for instance, University of
North Carolina researchers found that a host of
variables
—
the
facility's
type,
size
or
age;
whether
a
chain
owned
it;
how
attractive
the
neighborhood
was
—
had no significant
relationship to how the residents fared in terms
of illness,
mental
decline,
hospitalizations
or
mortality.
What
mattered
most
was
the
residents'
physical
health and mental
status. What people were like when they came in
had greater consequence than
what
happened once they were there.
45.G
）
But
when
the
researchers
plugged
in
a
number
of
other
variables,
such
differences
disappeared. It
is not the housing type, they found, that creates
differences in residents' responses.
“It is the characteristics of the
specific environment they are in,
c
ombined with their own personal
characteristics
—how
healthy
they
feel
they
are,
their
age
and
marital
status,”
Dr.
Robison
explained. Whether
residents felt involved in the decision to move
and how long they had lived
there also
proved significant.
Section
C
46. C) It can be avoided
if human values are translated into their
language.
47.D) They are ill-bred.
48. C) By picking up patterns from
massive data on human behavior.
49. B)
Stop to seek advice from a human being.
50. A) Determine what is moral and
ethical.
51. A) to see
whether people's personality affects their life
span
52. D) They are more likely to get
over hardship.
53. C) Such personality
characteristics as self-discipline have no effect
on longevity.
54. D) Mothers' negative
personality characteristics may affect their
children's life span.
55.
B) Longevity results from a combination of mental
and physical health.
四级第二套
第
4
页
Section A
26.G) growing
27.A) dependent
28.C) fast
29.F) give
30.H) launch
31.N) successful
32.I)
policyl
33.B) designed
34.O)
treatments
35.E) gained
Section B
36.D)As we begin to examine our life,
Soupios says, we come to Rule No. 2: Worry only
about
things that you can control. “The
individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic
philosopher. His
name is Epictetus,” he
says. “And what the Stoics say in general is
simply this: There is a larger
plan in
life. You are not really going to be able to
understand all of the dimensions of this plan.
You are not going to be able to control
the dimensions of this plan.”
37.B)The
wisdom
of
the
ancient
Greek
philosophers
is
timeless,
says
Soupios.
The
philosophy
professor says it
is as relevant today as when it wa
s
first written many centuries ago. “There is no
expiration (
失效
)
date on wisdom,” he says. “There is
no
shelf life on intelligence. I
think
that
things have become very gloomy
these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading
cues, a lot of
what the ancients would
have called sophistry (
诡辩
).
The nice thing about ancient philosophy as
offered by the Greeks is that they
tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that
we tend not to
see life
today.”
38.F)To
have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But
according to Aristotle
—
a
student of
Plato
and
teacher
of
Alexander
the
Great
—
most
relationships
don't
qualify
as
true
friendships.
“Just
because
I
have
a
business
relationship
with
an
individual
and
I
can
profit
from
that
relationship,
it
does
not
necessarily
mean
that
this
person
is
my
friend,”
Soupios
says.
“Real
friendship is when two
individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful
and uncharacteristically
poetic image
that Aristotle offers.”
39.A) Is it possible to enjoy a
peaceful life in a world that is increasingly
challenged by threats
and uncertainties
from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a
widespread outbreak of infectious
diseases?
The
answer
is
yes,
according
to
a
new
book
The
10
Golden
Rules:
Ancient
Wisdom
from
the
Greek
Philosophers
on
Living
a
Good
Life.
The
book
is
co-authored
by
Long
Island
University's
philosophy
professor
Michael
Soupios
and
economics
professor
Panos
Mourdoukoutas.
40.
L)“This
is
Aesop,
the
fabulist
(
寓言家
),
the
man
of
these
charming
little
tales,
often
told
in
第
5
页
terms of
animals and animal relationships,” he says. “I
think what Aesop was suggesting is that
when you offer a good turn to another
human being, one can hope that that good deed will
come
back and sort of pay a profit to
you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is
no concrete benefit
paid in response to
your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the
good deed has the opportunity
to enjoy
a kind of spiritua
lly enlightened
moment.”
41.
H)“This
was
the
highest
and
most
desirable
form
of
pleasure
and
happiness
for
the
ancient
Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is
something that is very much well worth considering
here in
the modern era. I do not think
that we spend nearly enough time trying to
concentrate on achieving
a sort of
calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and
spiritual way, which was identified by
these people as the highest form of
happiness and pleasure.”
42.C)Soupios, along with his co-author
Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden
rules by
turning to the men behind that
philosophy
—
Aristotle,
Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among
others. The first
rule
—
examine your
life
—
is the common thread
that runs through the entire book.
Soupios says that it is based on
Plato's observation that the unexamined life is
not worth living.
“The Greeks are
always concerned about boxing themselves in, in
terms of convictions (
信念
),”
he says. “So take a step back, switch
off the automatic pilot and actually stop
and reflect about
things
like our priorities, our values, and our
relationships.”
43.K)Instead, Soupios says, ancient
wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for
a good
life is that
kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.
44.B)The
wisdom
of
the
ancient
Greek
philosophers
is
timeless,
says
Soupios.
The
philosophy
professor says it
is as relevant today as when it was first written
many centuries ago. “There is no
expiration (
失效
)
date on wisdom,” he says. “There is
no
shelf life on intelligence. I
thi
nk that
things
have become very gloomy these days, lots of
misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of
what the ancients would have called
sophistry (
诡辩
). The nice
thing about ancient philosophy as
offered by the Greeks is that they
tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that
we tend not to
see life
today.”
45.
J)“This is Hesiod, of
course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe,
with Homer,” Soupios
says. “Hesiod
offers an idea—
which you very often
find in some of the world's great religions, in
the Judeo-Christian tradition and in
Islam and others
—
that in
some sense, when you hurt another
human
being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other
people in your community and in your life,
trashing relationships, results in a
kind of self-inflicted
(
自己招致的
) spi
ritual
wound.”
Section
C
46. D) It usually draws
different reactions from different age groups.
47. A) It does not seem to create a
generational divide.
48. B) It helps
with their mobility.
49. A) The
location of their residence.
50. C) The
wealthy.
第
6
页
51.
C) Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the
natural cycle.
52. B) It brought family
members closer to each other.
53. D)
Pace of life.
54. B) It is varied,
abundant and nutritious.
55. A) They
enjoyed cooking as well as eating.
四级第三套
Section A
26.M)
provide
27.A) abandoned
28.I) frequent
29.L) merely
30.C) biased
31.G) dependent
32.F) dampens
33.E)
commitment
34.N) understandably
35.O) unrealistically
Section B
36.
［
F
］
In
contrast, the recent surge in world grain prices
is trend-driven, making it unlikely
to
reverse without a reversal in the trends
themselves. On the demand side, those trends
include
the ongoing addition of more
than 70 million people a year, a growing number of
people wanting
to
move
up
the
food
chain
to
consume
highly
grain-intensive
meat
products,
and
the
massive
diversion
（转向）
of U.S. grain to the production of bio-
fuel.
37.
［
K
］
In response to those
restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying
to nail down
long-term trade agreements
that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-
import anxiety is even
leading to new
efforts by food-importing countries to buy or
lease farmland in other countries. In
spite
of
such
temporary
measures,
soaring
food
prices
and
spreading
hunger
in
many
other
countries are beginning to break down
the social order.
38.
［
C
］
As demand
for food rises faster than supplies are growing,
the resulting food-price
inflation puts
severe stress on the governments of many
countries. Unable to buy grain or grow
their own, hungry people take to the
streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in
grain prices in
2008, the number of
failing states was expanding. If the food
situation continues to worsen, entire
nations
will
break
down
at
an
ever
increasing
rate.
In
the
20th
century
the
main
threat
to
international security was superpower
conflict; today it is failing states.
39.
［
L
］
Since the current world food shortage
is trend-driven, the environmental trends that
第
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