finish是什么意思-汉语翻译英文
2016
年
6
月大学英
语四级考试真题卷一
（完整版）
Part I Writing(30 minutes)
Directions
: For this part,
you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to
express your thanks to
one of your
friends who helped you most when you were in
difficulty. You should write at least 120
words but no more than 180 words.
Part
Ⅱ
Listening
Comprehension (25minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section,
you will hear three news reports. At the end of
each news report,
you will hear two or
three questions. Both the news report and the
questions will be spoken only
once.
After you hear a question, you must choose the
best answer from the four choices marked A),
B), C) and D). Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the
centre.
Questions 1 and
2 are based on the news report you have just
heard.
1. A)The International Labor
Organization
’
s key
objective.
B)The basic social protection for the
most vulnerable.
C)Rising unemployment worldwide.
D)Global
economic recovery.
2. A)Many countries have not taken
measures to create enough jobs.
B)Few countries know how to
address the current economic crisis.
C)Few countries have
realized the seriousness of the current crisis.
D)Many
countries need support to improve their
people
’
s livelihood.
Questions 3 and
4 are based on the news report you have just
heard.
3. A)Serve standardized food
nationwide.
B)Put calorie information on the menu.
C)Increase
protein content in the food.
D)Offer convenient food to
customers.
4.
A)They will be fined.
B)They will be closed.
C)They will get a warning.
D)They will
lose customers.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news
report you have just heard.
5. A)Inability to implement
their business plans.
B)Inability to keep turning out novel
products.
C)Lack of a successful business model
of their own.
D)Failure to integrate innovation into
their business.
6. A)It is the secret to business
success.
B)It
is the creation of something new.
C)It is a magic tool to
bring big rewards.
D)It is an essential part of business
culture.
7.
A)Its hardworking employees.
B)Its flexible promotion
strategy.
C)Its
innovation culture.
D)Its willingness
to make investments.
Section B
Directions: In
this section, you will hear two long
conversations. At the end of each
conversations you will hear four
questions. Both the conversations and the
question-s will be
spoken only once.
After you hear a question. You must choose the
best answer from the four
choices
marked A),B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single
line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based
on the conversation you have just
heard.
8. A)He
’
s got
addicted to technology.
B)He is not very good at socializing.
C)He is crazy
about text-messaging.
D)He does not talk long on the phone.
9. A)Talk big.
B)Talk at
length.
C)Gossip a lot.
D)Forget herself.
10. A)He thought it was
cool.
B)He
needed the practice.
C)He wanted to stay connected with
them.
D)He had
an urgent message to send.
11. A)It poses a challenge to seniors.
B)It saves both
time and money.
C)It is childish and unprofessional.
D)It is cool
and convenient.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
12. A)He wants
to change his job assignment.
B)He is unhappy with his
department manager.
C)He thinks he deserves extra pay for
overtime.
D)He
is often singled out for criticism by his boss.
13. A)His
workload was much too heavy.
B)His immediate boss did
not trust him.
C)His colleagues often refused to
cooperate.
D)His salary was too low for his
responsibility.
14. A)He never knows how to refuse.
B)He is always
ready to help others.
C)His boss has a lot of trust in him.
D)His boss has
no sense of fairness.
15. A)Put all his complaints in
writing.
B)Wait
and see what happens next.
C)Learn to say no when necessary.
D)Talk to his boss in person first.
Section C
Directions:
In
this section, you will hear three passages. At the
end of each passage, you will
hear
three or four questions. Both the passage and the
questions will be spoken only once. After
you hear a question, you must choose
the best answer from the four choices marked
A),B),C)and
D).Then mark the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a
single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are
based on the passage you have just
heard.
16. A)The importance of sleep to a
healthy life.
B)Reasons for
Americans
’
decline in sleep.
C)Some tips to improve the
quality of sleep.
D)Diseases associated with lack of
sleep.
17.
A)They are more health-conscious.
B)They are changing their
living habits.
C)They get less and less sleep.
D)They know the
dangers of lack of sleep.
18. A)Their weight will go down.
B)Their mind
function will deteriorate.
C)Their work efficiency will decrease.
D)Their blood
pressure will rise.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
19. A)How much
you can afford to pay.
B)What course you are going to choose.
C)Which
university you are going to apply to.
D)When you are going to
submit your application.
20. A)The list of courses studied.
B)The full
record of scores.
C)The references from teachers.
D)The personal
statement.
21.
A)Specify what they would like to do after
graduation.
B)Describe in detail how much they
would enjoy studying.
C)Indicate they have reflected and
thought about the subject.
D)Emphasize that they admire the
professors in the university.
Questions 22 to 25 are
based on the passage you have just
heard.
22. A)It was equipped with rubber
tyres.
B)It was
built in the late 19th century.
C)It was purchased by the
Royal family.
D)It was designed by an English
engineer.
23.
A)They consumed lots of petrol.
B)They took two passengers
only.
C)They
were difficult to drive.
D)They often broke down.
24. A)They were produced on
the assembly line.
B)They were built with less costly
materials.
C)They were modeled after British cars.
D)They were
made for ordinary use.
25. A)It made news all over the world.
B)It was built
for the Royal family.
C)It marked a new era in motor travel.
D)It attracted large numbers of
motorists.
Part
IIIReading
Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:
In this section,
there is a passage with ten blanks. You are
required to select one
word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank
following the passage. Read the
passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is identified by a
letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on
Answer Sheet
2
with a single line
through the centre. You may not use any
of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to
35 are based on the passage you have just
heard.
Physical activity does the body good,
and there
’
s growing evidence
that it helps the brain too.
Researchers in the Netherlands report
that children who get more exercise, whether at
school or
on their own,
26to have higher GPAs and better scores
on standardized tests. In a27of 14 studies
that looked at physical activity and
academic28, investigators found that the more
children moved,
the better their grades
were in school,
29in the
basic subjects of math, English and reading.
The data will
certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether
physical education classes should
be
cut as schools struggle to
30on smaller budgets. The arguments
against physical education
have
included concerns that gym time may be taking away
from study time. With standardized test
scores in the U.S.
31in recent years, some administrators
believe students need to spend more
time in the classroom instead of on the
playground. But as these findings show, exercise
and
academics may not be
32exclusive. Physical activity can
improve blood
33to the
brain, fueling
memory, attention and
creativity, which are
34to
learning. And exercise releases hormones that
can improve
35and
relieve stress, which can also help learning. So
while it may seem as if kids are
just
exercising their bodies when
they
’
re running around, they
may actually be exercising their
brains
as well.
注意：此部分
试题请在答题卡
2
上作答。
A)attendance
B)consequently
C)current
D)depressing
E)dropping
F)essential
G)feasible
H)flow
I)mood
J)mutually
K)particularly
L)performance
M)review
N)survive
O)tend
Section B
Directions:
In this section,
you are going to read a passage with ten
statementsattached to it.
Each
statement contains information given in one of the
paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from
which the information is derived. You
may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
paragraph is
marked with a letter.
Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on
Answer Sheet
2
.
Finding the Right
Home
—
and
Contentment,Too
[A]When your elderly relative needs to
enter some sort of long-term care
facility
—
a moment
few parents or children approach
without fear
—
what you would
like is to have everything made
clear.
[B]Does
assisted living really mark a great improvement
over a nursing home, or has the
industry simply hired better interior
designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people
fear, or is that
an out-moded
stereotype (
固定看法
)? Can doing
one
’
s homework really steer
families to the best
places? It is
genuinely hard to know.
[C] I am about to make things more
complicated by suggesting that what kind of
facility an
older person lives in may
matter less than we have assumed. And that the
characteristics adult
children look for
when they begin the search are not necessarily the
things that make a difference
to the
people who are going to move in. I am not talking
about the quality of care, let me hastily
add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy
environment with irresponsible staff and a poor
safety record.
But an accumulating body
of research indicates that some distinctions
between one type of elder
care and
another have little real bearing on how well
residents do.
[D]The most recent of these studies,
published in
The journal of
Applied Gerontology
,
surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of
assisted living, nursing homes and smaller
residential care
homes (known in some
states as board and care homes or adult care
homes). Researchers from the
University
of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a
large number of questions about
their
quality of life, emotional well-being and social
interaction, as well as about the quality of the
facilities.
[E]
“
We thought we
would see differences based on the housing
types,
”
said the
lead author
of the study, Julie
Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the
university. A reasonable
assumption
—
don
’
t
families struggle to avoid nursing homes and
suffer real guilt if they
can
’
t?
[F] In the initial results,
assisted living residents did paint the most
positive picture. They were
less likely
to report symptoms of depression than those in the
other facilities, for instance, and less
likely to be bored or lonely. They
scored higher on social interaction.
[G] But when the
researchers plugged in a number of other
variables, such differences
disappeared. It is not the housing
type, they found, that creates differences in
residents
’
responses.
“
It is
the characteristics of the specific environment
they are in, combined with their
own
personal characteristics
—
how
healthy they feel they are, their age and marital
status,
”
Dr.
Robison explained. Whether residents
felt involved in the decision to move and how long
they had
lived there also proved
significant.
[H] An elderly person who describes
herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no
less
depressed in assisted living(even
if her children preferred it) than in a nursing
home. A person who
bad input into where
he would move and has had time to adapt to it
might do as well in a nursing
home as
in a small residential care home, other factors
being equal. It is an interaction between the
person and the place, not the sort of
place in itself, that leads to better or worse
experiences.
“
You
can
’
t just say,
‘
Let
’
s
put this person in a residential care home instead
of a nursing home
—
she
will be much better
off,
”
Dr. Robison
said. What matters, she added,
“
is a combination of what
people bring in with them, and what
they find there.
”
[I] Such
findings, which run counter to common sense, have
surfaced before. In a multi-state
study
of assisted living, for instance, University of
North Carolina researchers found that a host of
variables
—
the
facility
’
s type, size or
age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the
neighborhood
was
—
had no significant
relationship to how the residents fared in terms
of illness,
mental decline,
hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most
was the residents
’
physical
health and mental
status. What people were like when they came in
had greater consequence than
what
happened one they were there.
[J] As I was considering
all this, a press release from a respected
research firm crossed my
desk,
announcing that the five-star rating system that
Medicare developed in 2008 to help families
compare nursing home quality also has
little relationship to how satisfied its residents
or their
family members are. As a
matter of fact, consumers expressed higher
satisfaction with the one-star
facilities, the lowest rated, than with
the five-star ones. (More on this study and the
star ratings will
appear in a
subsequent post.)
[K] Before we collectively tear our
hair out
—
how are we supposed
to find our way in a
landscape this
confusing?
—
here is a thought
from Dr. Philip Sloane, a
geriatrician
（老年病学专家）
at the
University of North
Carolina
：“
In a way, that
could be liberating for
families.
”
[L] Of course, sons and
daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to
the administrators and
residents and
other families, and do everything possible to
fulfill their duties. But perhaps they
don
’
t have to
turn themselves into private investigators or
Congressional subcommittees.
“
Families can look a bit
more for where the residents are going to be
happy
，”
Dr.
Sloane said.
And involving the future
resident in the process can be very important.
[M] We all have
our own ideas about what would bring our parents
happiness. They have their
ideas, too.
A friend recently took her mother to visit an
expensive assisted living/nursing home near
my town. I have seen this
place
—
it is elegant, inside
and out. But nobody greeted the daughter and
mother when they arrived, though the
visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to
the
other residents. When they had
lunch in the dining room, they sat alone at a
table.
[N] The
daughter feared her mother would be ignored there,
and so she decided to move her
into a
more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging
from some of this research, that might
have been as rational a way as any to
reach a decision.
36. Many people feel guilty when they
cannot find a place other than a nursing home for
their
parents.
it helps for children to investigate
care facilities, involving their parents in the
decision-making process may prove very
important.
is
really difficult to tell if assisted living is
better than a nursing home.
a resident feels depends
on an interaction between themselves and the care
facility
they live in.
author thinks her friend
made a rational decision in choosing a more
hospitable place
over an apparently
elegant assisted living home.
system Medicare developed
to rate nursing home quality is of little help to
finding a
satisfactory place.
first the
researchers of the most recent study found
residents in assisted living facilities
gave higher scores on social
interaction.
kind of care facility old people live in may be
less important than we think.
findings of the latest
research were similar to an earlier multi-state
study of assisted
living.
45.A resident
’
s
satisfaction with a care facility has much to do
with whether they had
participated in
the decision to move in and how long they had
stayed there.
Section C
Directions:
There are 2
passages in this passage is followed by some
questions or
unfinished each of them
there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You
should
decide on the best choice and
mark the corresponding letter on
Answer
Sheet 2
with a single line
through the centre.
Passage one
Questions 46 to
50 are based on the following passage.
As Artificial
Intelligence(AI)becomes increasingly
sophisticated, there are growing concerns
that robots could become a threat. This
danger can be avoided, according to computer
science
professor Stuart Russell, if we
figure out how to turn human values into a
programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on
more complicated tasks, it
’
s
necessary to translate our
morals into
AI language.
For example, if a robot does chores
around the house, you
wouldn
’
t want it to put the
pet cat
in the oven to make dinner for
the hungry children.
“
You
would want that robot preloaded with a
good set of
values,
”
said Russell.
Some robots are
already programmed with basic human values. For
example, mobile robots
have been
programmed to keep a comfortable distance from
humans. Obviously there are cultural
differences, but if you were talking to
another person and they came up close in your
personal
space, you
wouldn
’
t think
that
’
s the kind of thing a
properly brought-up person would do.
It will be possible to
create more sophisticated moral machines, if only
we can find a way to
set out human
values as clear rules.
Robots could also learn values from
drawing patterns from large sets of data on human
are dangerous only if programmers are
careless.
The
biggest concern with robots going against human
values is that human beings fail to so
sufficient testing and
they
’
ve produced a system
that will break some kind of
taboo
（禁忌）
.
One simple check would be
to program a robot to check the correct course of
action with a
human when presented with
an unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an
animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the
opportunity
to stop, send out
beeps(
嘟嘟声
), and ask for
directions from a human. If we humans
aren
’
t quite
sure
about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.