psychotherapy土木工程毕业设计外文翻译

Building construction concrete crack of

prevention and processing

Abstract

The crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve

of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar

crack

problem

in

the

concrete

engineering,

and

aim

at

concrete

the

circumstance

put

forward some prevention, processing measure.

Keyword:

Concrete crack prevention processing

Foreword

Concrete's ising 1 kind is anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water and other

mixture

but

formation

of

the

in

addition

material

of

quality

brittleness

not

and

all

e the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series

problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and

tiny crack, is exactly because these beginning start blemish of existence just make the

concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of tiny crack is a

kind of harmless crack and accept concrete heavy, defend Shen and a little bit other use

function not a creation to after the concrete be subjected to lotus carry,

difference in temperature etc. function, tiny crack would continuously of expand with

connect,

end

formation

we can see without the

aid

of

instruments

of macro view the

crack be also the crack that the concrete often say in the engineering.

Concrete building and Gou piece usually all take sewer to make of, because of crack

of existence and development usually make inner part of reinforcing

bar etc. material

creation decay, lower reinforced concrete material of loading ability, durable and anti-

Shen ability, influence building of external appearance, service life, severity will threat

arrive people's life and property safety.A lot of all of crash of engineerings is because

of

the

unsteady

development

of

the

crack

with

the

result

age

science

research

with

a

great

deal

of

of

the

concrete

engineering

practice

certificate,

in

the

concrete

engineering

crack

problem

is

ineluctable,

also

acceptable

in

certainly

of

the

scope just need to adopt valid of measure will it endanger degree control at certain of

scope reinforced concrete norm is also explicit provision:Some structure at

place of dissimilarity under the condition allow existence certain the crack of

at

under

construction

should

as

far

as

possible

adopt

a

valid

measure

control

crack

creation, make the structure don't appear crack possibly or as far as possible decrease

crack of amount and width, particularly want to as far as possible avoid harmful crack

of emergence, insure engineering quality thus.

Concrete

crack

creation

of

the

reason

be

a

lot

of

and

have

already

transformed

to

cause

of

crack:Such

as

temperature

variety,

constringency,

inflation,

the

asymmetry

sink

to

sink

etc. reason cause of crack;Have outside carry the crack that the function

cause;Protected

environment

not

appropriate

the

crack

etc.

caused

with

chemical

differentiation

to

treat

in

the

actual

engineering,

work°

out

a

problem

according to the actual circumstance.

In the concrete engineering the familiar crack and the prevention

Suo crack and prevention

Stem

the

Suo

crack

much

appear

after

the

concrete

protect

be

over

of

a

period

of

time or concrete sprinkle to build to complete behind of around a the cement

syrup humidity of evaporate would creation stem Suo, and this kind of constringency is

can't

Suo

crack

of

the

creation

be

main

is

because

of

concrete

inside

outside humidity evaporate degree dissimilarity but cause to transform dissimilarity of

result:The concrete is subjected to exterior condition of influence, surface humidity loss

lead quick, transform

bigger, inner part degree

of humidity variety smaller transform

smaller, bigger surface stem

the Suo transform

to

be subjected to

concrete inner part

control, creation more big pull should dint but creation relative humidity is

more

low,

cement

syrup

body

stem

Suo

more

big,

stem

the

Suo

crack

be

more

easy

the Suo crack is much surface parallel lines form or the net shallow thin

crack,

width

many

between

0.05-0.2

mm,

the

flat

surface

part

much

see

in

the

big

physical

volume

concrete

and

follow

it

more

in

thinner

beam

plank

short

to

Suo

crack

usually

the

anti-

Shen

of

influence

concrete,

cause

the

durable of the rust eclipse influence concrete of reinforcing bar, under the function of

the water pressure dint would creation the water power split crack influence concrete of

loading dint etc..Concrete stem the Suo be main with water ash of the concrete ratio,

the dosage of the composition, cement of cement, gather to anticipate of the dosage of

the property and dosage, in addition etc. relevant.

Main

prevention

measure:While

being

to

choose

to

use

the

constringency

quantity

smaller cement, general low hot water mire and powder ash from stove cement in the

adoption, lower the dosage of is a concrete of stem the Suo be subjected to

water ash ratio of influence more big, water ash ratio more big, stem Suo more big, so

in the concrete match the ratio the design should as far as possible control good water

ash

ratio

of

choose

to

use,

the

Chan

add

in

the

meantime

accommodation

of

reduce

is strict control concrete mix blend with under construction of match ratio,

use of concrete water quantity absolute can't big in match ratio design give settle of use

water

is

the

earlier

period

which

strengthen

concrete

to

protect,

and

appropriate

extension

protect

of

concrete

construction

want

to

be

appropriate extension concrete heat preservation to overlay time, and Tu2 Shua protect

to is a constitution the accommodation is in the concrete structure of the

constringency sew.

Su constringency crack and prevention

Su constringency is

the concrete is

before condense, surface because of lose water

quicker but creation of Su constringency crack is general at dry heat

or strong wind the weather appear, crack's much presenting in the center breadth, both

ends

be

in

the

centerthin

and

the

length

be

different,

with

each

other

not

coherent

r crack general long 20-30 cm, the longer crack can reach to a 2-3 m,

breadth 1-5 creation of main reason is:The concrete is eventually almost having

no

strength

or

strength

before

the

Ning

very

small,

perhaps

concrete

just

eventually

Ning

but

strength

very

hour,

be

subjected

to

heat

or

compare

strong

wind

dint

of

influence,

the

concrete

surface

lose

water

to

lead

quick,

result

in

in

the

capillary

creation

bigger

negative

press

but

make

a

concrete

physical

volume

sharply

constringency,

but

at

this

time

the

strength

of

concrete

again

can't

resist

its

constringency,

therefore

creation

influence

concrete

Su

constringency

open

the

main

factor

of

crack

to

have

water

ash

ratio,

concrete

of

condense

time,

environment temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity...etc..

Main

prevention

measure:One

is

choose

to

use

stem

the

Suo

value

smaller

higher

Huo sour salt of the earlier period strength or common the Huo sour brine is

strict the control water ash ratio, the Chan add to efficiently reduce water to increment

the

collapse

of

concrete

fall

a

degree

and

with

easy,

decrease

cement

and

water

of

is

to

sprinkle

before

building

concrete,

water

basic

level

and

template

even

to

soak

is

in

time

to

overlay

the

perhaps

damp

grass

mat

of

the

plastics thin film, hemp slice etc., keep concrete eventually before the Ning surface is

moist, perhaps spray to protect etc. to carry on protect in the concrete is in

the heat and strong wind the weather to want to establish to hide sun and block breeze

facilities, protect in time.

to sink crack and prevention

The

creation

which

sink

to

sink

crack

is

because

of

the

structure

foundation

soil

quality not

and evenly, loose soft or return to

fill

soil dishonest

or soak in

water but

result in the asymmetry sink to decline with the result that;Perhaps because of template

just

degree

shortage,

the

template

propped

up

to

once

be

apart

from

big

or

prop

up

bottom loose move etc. to cause, especially at winter, the template prop up at jelly soil

up,

jelly

the

soil

turn

jelly

empress

creation

asymmetry

to

sink

to

decline

and

cause

concrete structure creation kind crack many is deep enter or pierce through

sex

crack,

it

alignment

have

something

to

do

with

sinking

to

sink

a

circumstance,

general

follow

with

ground

perpendicular

or

present

30

°

s-45

°

Cape

direction

development,

bigger

sink

to

sink

crack,

usually

have

certain

of

wrong,

crack

width

usually with sink to decline quantity direct proportion width under the

influence of temperature variety foundation after transform stability sink to

sink crack also basic tend in stability.

Main

prevention

measure:One

is

rightness

loose

soft

soil,

return

to

fill

soil

foundation a construction at the upper part structure front should carry on necessity of

Hang

solid

with

is

the

strength

that

assurance

template

is

enough

and

just degree, and prop up firm, and make the foundation be subjected to dint

is

keep

concrete

from

sprinkle

infusing

the

foundation

in

the

process

is

soak

by

is time that template tore down to can't be too early, and want to notice to

dismantle a mold order of is at jelly soil top take to establish template to

notice to adopt certain of prevention measure.

ature crack and prevention

Temperature crack much the occurrence is in big surface or difference in temperature

variety

of

the

physical

volume

concrete

compare

the

earth

area

of

the

concrete

te after sprinkling to build, in the hardening the process, cement water

turn

a

creation

a

great

deal

of

of

water

turn

hot, .(be

the

cement

dosage

is

in

the

350-550

kg/m

3,

each

sign

square

the

rice

concrete

will

release

a

calories

of

17500-27500 kJ and make concrete internal thus the temperature rise to reach to 70

℃

or so even higher)Because the physical volume of concrete be more big, a great deal of

of water turn hot accumulate at the concrete inner part but not easy send forth, cause

inner

part

the

temperature

hoick,

but

the

concrete

surface

spread

hot

more

quick,

so

formation

inside

outside

of

bigger

difference

in

temperature,

the

bigger

difference

in

temperature

result

in

inner

part

and

exterior

hot

the

degree

of

the

bulge

cold

Suo

dissimilarity,

make

concrete

surface

creation

certain

of

pull

should

pull

should

dint

exceed

the

anti-

of

concrete

pull

strength

extreme

limit,

concrete

surface

meeting

creation

crack,

this

kind

of

crack

much

occurrence

after

the

concrete

under

construction the concrete of under construction be difference in temperature

variety more big, perhaps is a concrete to be subjected to assault of cold wave etc., will

cause

concrete

surface

the

temperature

sharply

descend,

but

creation

constringency,

surface

constringency

of

the

concrete

be

subjected

to

inner

part

concrete

of

control,

creation very big of pull should dint but creation crack, this kind of crack usually just in

more shallow scope of the concrete surface creation.

The

alignment

of

the

temperature

crack

usually

none

settle

regulation,

big

area

structure

the

crack

often

maneuver

interleave;The

size

bigger

structure

of

the

beam

plank length, the crack run parallel with short side more;Thorough with pierce through

sex

of

temperature

crack

general

and

short

side

direction

parallelism

or

close

parallelism,

crack

along

long

side

cent

the

segment

appear,

in

the

center

more

width the size be different, be subjected to temperature variety influence

more obvious, winter compare breadth, summer more concrete temperature

crack that the heat inflation cause is usually in the center the thick both ends be thin,

but cold Suo crack of thick thin variety not too emergence of the this kind

crack will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, the carbonization of concrete, the

anti- jelly which lower concrete melt, anti- tired and anti- Shen ability etc..

Main prevention measure:One is as far as possible choose to use low hot or medium

hot water mire, like mineral residue cement, powder ash from stove cement...etc..Two

is a decrease cement dosage, cement dosage as far as possible the control is in the 450

kg/m 3 is to lower water ash ratio, water ash of the general concrete

ratio

control

below

is

improvement

the

bone

anticipate

class

to

go

together

with, the Chan add powder ash from stove or efficiently reduce water etc. to come to

reduce cement dosage and lower water to turn is an improvement concrete of

mix blend to process a craft, lower sprinkle of concrete to build is the

in addition that the Chan add a have of fixed amount to reduce water and increase Su,

slow Ning etc. function in the concrete, improvement the concrete mix to match a thing

of

mobility,

protect

water,

lower

water

to

turn

hot,

postpone

hot

Feng

of

emergence

is the heat season sprinkle to build can the adoption take to establish to hide

sun

plank

etc.

assistance

measure

control

concrete

of

Wen

Sheng,

lower

to

sprinkle

temperature

of

build

the

is

the

temperature

of

big

physical

volume

concrete

should

the

dint

relate

to

structure

size,

concrete

structure

size

more

big,

temperature should dint more big, so want reasonable arrangement construction work

preface, layering, cent the piece sprinkle to build, for the convenience of in spread hot,

let up is at great inner part constitution of the physical volume concrete

cool off piping, cold water perhaps cold air cool off, let up concrete of inside outside

difference in is the supervision which strengthen concrete temperature,

adopt to cool off in time, protection measure.11 is to reserve temperature constringency

to sew.12 is to let up to control, sprinkle proper before building concrete in the Ji rock

and old concrete top build a 5 mm or so sand mat a layer or usage asphalt etc. material

Tu2 Shua.13 is to strengthen concrete to protect, the concrete after sprinkle build use

moist

grass

Lian

in

time,

hemp

slice's

etc.

overlay,

and

attention

sprinkle

water

to

protect,

appropriate

extension

protect

time,

assurance

the

concrete

surface

be

slow-moving

cool

the

cold

season,

concrete

surface

should

constitution

heat

preservation

measure,

in

order

to

prevent

cold

wave

assault.14

is

the

allocation

be

a

little amount in the concrete of reinforcing bar perhaps add fiber material concrete of

temperature crack control at certain of scope inside.

and prevention that the chemical reaction cause

Alkali

bone's

anticipating

the

crack

that

reaction

crack

and

reinforcing

bar

rust

eclipse

cause

is

the

most

familiar

in

the

reinforced

concrete

structure

of

because

of

chemical reaction but cause of crack.

The concrete blend a future reunion creation some alkalescence ion, these ion with

some activity the bone anticipate creation chemical

reaction and

absorb

surroundings

environment

in

of water but

the physical

volume enlarge, make

concrete crisp loose,

inflation open this

kind

of crack general

emergence concrete structure usage

period,

once

appear

very

difficult

remediable,

so

should

at

under

construction

adopt

valid

the

measure

carry

on

of

prevention

measure:While

being

to

choose to anticipate with the alkali activity small freestone is the in addition

which choose to use low lye mire with low alkali or have no is the Chan

which

choose

to

use

accommodation

with

anticipate

to

repress

an

alkali

bone

to

anticipate reaction.

Because

the

concrete

sprinkle

to

build,

flap

Dao

bad

perhaps

is

a

reinforcing

bar

protection layer thinner, the harmful material get into concrete to make reinforcing bar

creation rust eclipse, the reinforcing bar physical volume of the rust eclipse inflation,

cause

concrete

bulge

crack,

the

crack

of

this

kind

type

much

is

a

crack

lengthways,

follow

the

position

of

reinforcing

bar

y

of

prevent

measure

from

have:One

is

assurance

reinforcing

bar

protection

the

thickness

of

the

is

a

concrete class to go together with to want is a concrete to sprinkle to note

and flap Dao airtight is a reinforcing bar surface layer Tu2 Shua antisepsis

coating.

Crack processing

The emergence of the crack not only would influence structure of whole with

just

degree,

return

will

cause

the

rust

eclipse

of

reinforcing

bar,

acceleration

concrete

of

carbonization,

lower

durable

and

anti-

of

concrete

tired,

anti-

Shen

ore

according to the property of crack and concrete circumstance we want differentiation to

treat, in time processing, with assurance building of safety usage.

The

repair

measure

of

the

concrete

crack

is

main

to

have

the

following

some

method:Surface

repair

method,

infuse

syrup,

the

Qian

sew

method,

the

structure

reinforce

a

method,

concrete

displacement

method,

electricity

chemistry

protection

method and imitate to living from heal method.

Surface repair the method be a kind of simple, familiar of repair method, it main be

applicable to stability and to structure loading the ability don't have the surface crack of

influence and deep enter crack of processing measure that is usually is a

surface

in

crack

daubery

cement

syrup,

the

wreath

oxygen

gum

mire

or

at

concrete

surface Tu2 Shua paint, asphalt etc. antisepsis material, at protection of in the meantime

for

keeping

concrete

from

continue

under

the

influence

of

various

function

to

open

crack,

usually

can

adoption

the

surface

in

crack

glue

to

stick

glass

fiber

cloth

etc.

measure.

1, infuse syrup, the Qian sew method

Infuse a syrup method main the concrete crack been applicable to have influence or

have

already

defend

Shen

request

to

the

structure

whole

of

repair,

it

is

make

use

of

pressure equipments gum knot the material press into the crack of concrete, gum knot

the

material

harden

behind

and

concrete

formation

one

be

whole,

thus

reinforce

of

in common use gum knot material has the cement the syrup, epoxy, A Ji C

Xi sour ester and gather ammonia ester to equalize to learn material.

The Qian sew a method is that the crack be a kind of most in common use method in,

it usually is follow the crack dig slot, the Qian fill Su in the slot or rigid water material

with attain closing crack of in common use Su material has PVC gum mire,