conveyer-medex
Teaching Plan for
Unit 6
Instructor
Time
1.
To help the
students have a good understanding of the passages
in
this unit
；
2.
To help the
students grasp the usages of some important words,
phrases and expressions in the
unit
；
3.
To enable the
students to analyze the structure of the 2
passages
180m
Module
Teaching Aids
Unit 6
A TheTrashmam;
B The Company Man
Course
：
College
English
Multi-media
Teaching Objectives
in this
unit
；
4.
To introduce
the basic reading skills of this
unit
：
Understanding
idiomatic
expressions,
in
order
for
the
students
to
achieve
truly
effective communication;
5.
To help the
students master how to use examples to illustrate
his
statements or
viewpoints
；
1.
Get the main
idea of the passage.
Chief Points &
2.
Master
some
useful
expressions
&
sentence
structure
in
the
Difficult Points
passage.
3.
Understand the
structure of the text.
Before coming
for class, students should
1.
identify some
important words for the topic.
Prerequisites
2.
scan the text for main ideas.
3.
visit library
to research about information concerning the
unit.
Teaching
Methods
The mixture of
listening, speaking, reading, practicing and
writing
Teacher’s Book of New Horizon
College English
Reference
Books
Longman Dictionary of
Contemporary English (English-Chinese)
Oxford Advanced
Learner’s English
-Chinese
Dictionary
Longman Dictionary of
American English
Teaching Contents
Time Allotment
1
Section A
I.
Warm-up Activity
1.
Topic
Discussion
i.
Student’s Discussion
ii.
Teacher’s
Summary
2.
Questions on the Topic and the Passage
II. Background Information
III. Text Structure Analysis
IV
. Structured Writing
V
. Detailed Study of the
Text
i.
Words and
Phrases Study
ii.
Language Points
VI. Text Summary
1.
Student’s
Presentation
2.
Teacher’s Summary
VII
．
After-text A
Exercises
Section B
I. Reading Skill
II. Warm-up
Activity
1.
Topic Discussion
2.
Questions on
the Topic and the Passage
III. Text
Structure Analysis
IV
. Text
Study
1.
Paragraph Meaning
2.
Words and
Phrases Study
3.
Language Points
4.
Summary or
Main Idea of the Passage
i.
Student’s Presentation
ii.
Teacher’s
Summary
V
. New
Words Dictation
VI. After-
text B Exercises
VII
．
Supplementary
exercises
15m
5m
10m
5m
50m
5m
30m
5m
10m
5m
20m
5m
15m
Assignments
1.
Hand in the exercise of TRANSLATION.
2.
Finish the
other after-text A & B exercises after class.
3.
Supplementary
Exercises
i. English-Chinese
Translation
（
5
sentences
）
ii.
Chinese-English Translation
（
10
sentences
）
4.
Preview Unit 7
2
Section A The Trashman
I.
Warm-up Activity
1. Topic
Discussion
i.
Student’s Discussion
1)
Why did the
man enjoy doing the work of collecting garbage?
Because it was good exercise, and it
wasn’t as dirty as he had expected.
ii.
Teacher’s Summary
Ever since ancient times, human beings
have learned how to deal with large
amount of garbage in urban areas. As
early as the second century BC, Chinese
had
established
a
workforce
that
gathered
garbage
in
its
major
cities.
In
the
United States, Benjamin Franklin was
the first to implement sanitation services
in
the
form
of
street
cleaning
and
some
trash
removal
during
the
1700s
in
Philadelphia. Today, most
governments in the world manage their own waste
management services. The employees who
collect garbage are called trashman.
The
writer,
finally,
concludes
that
society
should
have
respected
for
both
economist and trashmen;
otherwise, they will both leave garbage
behind.
2. Questions on the
Topic and the Passage
1) Why did the man take the
work picking up garbage?
He took the work for money.
2)
What
did
the
trashman
think he
should
do when
he
made
the
rounds
on
Saturday?
He
thought
there
would
be
more
exchanges
between
him
and
the
people
he
offers
service.
3)
How
did
people
respond
in
most
cases
when
the
trashman
said
hello
to
them?
Most often they either said nothing or
stared at him in surprise.
4)
How did the
trashman think of his job later?
He
thought his job was as necessary as that of a
police officer or a fire fighter.
5)
Why did the
trashman change his mind to stay at the job?
Because he thought the job was good for
him and necessary for people.
II.
Background Information
1.
I.Q.
stands
for
intelligence
quotient.
Intelligence
refers
to
how
effective
one’s
mental
ability is, including
the abilities to understand, learn, recall, think
and reason. Quotient is
the
figure
that
results
when
one
quantity
is
divided
by
another.
The
IQ
or
intelligence
quotient
is
the
score
that
results
when
a
person
takes
an
established
test
of
short
tasks
designed to measure mental ability. The
score at age level or mental age compared to the
actual age gives the IQ score. An
average IQ score is 100. IQ scores may range from
a low
of 40 to a high of 160 resulting
in the terms low or high intelligence.
2.
John William
Gardner
, (October 8,
1912
–
February 16, 2002),
President of the Carnegie
Corporation,
Secretary
of
Health,
Education,
and
Welfare
under
President
Lyndon
Johnson,
was
subsequently
the
founder
of
two
influential
national
U.S.
organizations,
Common
Cause
and
Independent
Sector,
as
well
as
the
author
of
numerous
books
on
improving leadership in American
society and other subjects. He received the
Presidential
Medal of Freedom in 1964.
3
Gardner's
term
as
Secretary
of
HEW
was
at
the
height
of
Johnson's
Great
Society
Domestic
agenda.
During
this
tenure,
the
Department
undertook
both
the
huge
task
of
launching
Medicare, which brought quality health care to
senior citizens, and oversaw a
massive
investment
in
education
with
the
passage
of
the
landmark
Elementary
and
Secondary Education Act of 1965 that
redefined the federal role in education and
targeted
funding to poor students.
Gardner also presided over the creation of the
Corporation for
Public
Broadcasting. In 1970, Gardner created Common
Cause, the first non-profit public
interest group in the United States.
3. Brooklyn Dodgers:
It is a
name of one baseball team. In 1955, Brooklyn
Dodgers won
World Series against
longtime rival New York Yankees. In 1957, Dodgers
played their last
game at Ebbets Field,
and then left for California and became L.A.
Dodgers.
4. Tashman:
People can be especially sensitive
about their work, especially if they believe
their job is not respected by the
society. Trashmen, also
called
garbagemen or garbage
collectors
,
sometimes
prefer
to
be
called
“sanitation
engineers
‖
or
―
environmental
engineers”
. These terms make
their work seem more important.
III. Text Structure
Analysis
The passage is a first person
narrative in form of a diary about the experiences
of being a
trashman. It is made up of
four parts.
Part
One
(Para 1-3): The introduction.
Paragraph 1 tells us who they are and what kind of
work
they
are
doing.
Paragraph
2
introduces
collecting
trash
as
a
dull
job;
Paragraph
3
is
what the trashman has
thought about the greetings they would receive
from the people
they serve for.
Part Two
(Para 4-11): What
the writer and Steve experienced during their
exchanges with the
local people.
Paragraphs 4 to 6 are about what the writer
encountered when he greeted
other
people.
He
was
shocked
by
the
way
people
responded
to
his
warm
greetings.
Here the writer lists some examples
to
prove his
point. Paragraphs 7 to
11
are about
what Steve felt about
people’s responses to them. More examples are
provided to show
that people treat
trashmen as monsters and look down on them.
Parents even tell their
children to
stay away from trashmen because they think
trashmen are dirty.
Part
Three
(Para
12-13):
In
this
part,
the
writer
explains
his
attitude
in
face
of
the
cold
responses from the people they served.
He will continue to work as a trashman as he
thinks
that
the
exercise
is
great
and
that
he
is
becoming
better
at
it.
He
will
also
continue to
greet
the people he meets
during
his work.
In addition,
he
believes
he is
making his country cleaner every day. .
Part Four
(Para
14): By quoting John Gardner, the writer comes to
a conclusion that trashmen
are
important
just
as
economists
and
that
trashmen
and
economists
deserve
equal
respect from the
society.
(Turn to page 141
and do the exercise 11. Now fill in the same kind
of chart for paragraph
eight and nine,
identifying the general statements and the
examples to support it.)
IV
. Structured Writing
A Paragraph of a General Statement
Supported by Examples
The passage is a
first person narrative in form of a diary about
the experiences of being a
trashman.
The writer uses examples to illustrate his
statements or viewpoints. Exemplification is
one of the common ways to support one’s
viewpoints/ideas, etc. We have Paragraphs 5 and 6
as
a sample of exemplification.
4
Vie
wpoint: Reactions to my
greetings showed that people weren’t often
friendly.
Viewpoint:
Reactions to my greetings showed that people
weren’t often friendly
Example 1:
Occasionally,
I
got
a
direct
reply
from
someone
who
looked
me in the eye, smiled
and responded.
Example 2:
But
most
often
the
response
was
either
nothing
at
all
or
a
surprised
stare
because
I
had
spoken.
Example 3:
One woman in a housecoat
was
startled
as
I
came
around
the
corner
of
her
house. At the sound of
my
greeting,
she
gathered
her
housecoat tightly about her
and
retreated
quickly
indoors.
Example 4:
Another woman had
a
huge,
peculiar
animal in her yard. I
asked
what
it
was.
She
stared
at
me.
She
seemed
frightened
as
she
turned coldly away.
V
. Detailed
Study of the Text
i. Words & Phrases
Study
1. trash:
n.
waste matter;
rubbish
垃圾，废物
Now it is a common problem for most big
cities how to dispose of their trash properly.
现在，如何妥善处理垃圾的问题成为大部分大城市的共同难题。
In American English, the words trash
and garbage are most commonly used to refer to
waste material that is thrown away.
在美国英语中，
trash
和
garbage
最常用来指丢
弃的废物。
[
扩展
] trashman
n.
垃圾清运工
2. haul:
vt
.
pull or move sth. from one
place to another
（硬）拖，拉；拖运
A crane had to be used to haul the car
out the stream.
必须用吊车把汽车拉出小河。
So many American high officials have
pledged to haul Ben Laden into the court.
< br>这么
多美国高官都已发誓要把本拉登送上法庭。
3. solid:
adj.
without breaks, continuous
连续不断的，无间断的
He
waited three solid hours before Sophie came.
他等了整整三小时，索非亚才来。
The solid shots of firecrackers split
the dead night.
连续不断的爆竹声撕碎了深夜的
宁静。
For the next two hours they worked
solidly on his new song.
接下来的两个小时他们
一直在为他创作新歌。
3.
continuous
adj.
happening or existing without stopping
连续的，不断的
The
continuous rain ruined our holiday and we had to
work out a new plan.
淫雨把我
们的假
日，我们必须重新制定计划。
A continuous
stream
of
phone
calls made her upset.
一连串不间断的电话搞得她心
烦意乱。
[
同义辨析
]
continuous, continual, constant
这组词汇都是形
容词，有
―
连续的
‖
< br>，
―
持续不断的
‖
的意思，但在用法上有区别。
continuous
语气最强，
指
连续发生，
没有中断，
但可能持续一段时间后才停下来；
也可指空间的连绵不断而成一片。
Everything in the universe undergoes
continuous
development and change.
宇宙万物不断发展和变化。
The road lay
ahead of him, a
continuous
g
rey.
一条灰白的小路展现在他的面前，一眼望不到头。
A
continuous
beach is exposed
to the continual beating of the waves.
连绵不断的海岸经受着波浪
的频繁冲击。
continual
在相当长的一段时期内某事多次发生，<
/p>
―
时断时续
‖
，
经常重复。
The
continual trouble
on the frontier has brought great disasters to the
two peoples.
边界上
屡露出事，给两国人民带来
了巨大灾难。
There have been continual demands
to cut
5
the
costs on college
education.
一直有人要求消减大学教育的费用。
constant
可用来指某事以同样的方式不断出现，而在
性质上、程度上缺乏变化，
―
时常发生
‖
。
The signals go to and fro
at a very high but almost constant speed.
< br>信号
传送速度很快，但稳定不变。
Three days
of constant work made us tired.
三天不间
断的劳动使我们都累了。
4. wicked
adj.
extremely bad or evil
极坏的，邪恶的
She
described the shooting as a wicked attack.
她认为枪击是邪恶的攻击。
The
wicked weather in the earthquake-struck region
made the rescue work extremely
difficul
t.
地震灾区的恶劣天气使得救援工作极其困难。
5. occasion
n.
1)
a
time when something happens
时刻，时候
There are
occasions when you must not refuse.
有时候你绝对不能拒绝。
I
can’t recall the occasion, but I’ve met her
before.
我以前碰到过她，
但记不起来是
在什么场合。
2
）
an important
event, ceremony, or celebration
重大活动（仪式）
，盛会
The Olympic Opening is definitely an
important social occasion.
无疑，奥运会开幕
式是一次重要的社交聚会。
3
）
an opportunity
for doing something
机会
The Spring Festival is an occasion for
all the family to reunion.
春节可是全家人团圆
的好时机。
The girls
valued this nature study as an occasion for lazy
walk and idle picnics.
姑娘
们可把
这次博物课看作懒散信步，轻松野餐的好机会。
[
扩展
] occasional
adj.
偶然的，并非经常的
occasionally
adv.
偶然；偶尔
on occasion
有时
[
同义辨析
] occasion,
chance, opportunity
三个词汇都表示
―
机会
‖
，
―<
/p>
机遇
‖
，但各词都有其侧重点。
occasion
属一般用语，
指社交活动的时机合适，
着重某个明确的时机所提供的
―
良
机
‖
，如节日、盛典等。
The nation flag
are hung out on suitable occasion.
在适当的
时候，
国旗会悬挂起来。
On the
occasion of the Spring Festival, may you enjoy
health,
happiness and every
success
！
值此春节之际，谨祝您健康、幸福、万事如意！
e
vi.
shake slightly
颤抖，发抖
She
trembled continuously as she went into the dark
house in the woods.
她走进林中
黑漆漆的
房子，一直颤抖着。
He felt the earth
tremble under him.
他感觉到脚底下在摇晃。
The
old lady’s hands trembled as she produced her
passport.
老太太出示护照的时候
两手颤颤微微。
[
同义辨析
] tremble,
shake, quiver, shiver
tremble
指一种不能控制的、轻微的、快速的、连续不断的颤抖，可以指人因寒
冷、
愤怒、
恐惧等引起的身体、
声音振颤，
发抖。
Her voice was trembling with
anger.
由于愤怒，
她讲话时声音颤抖起来。
The boy trembled with fear when he saw the
bear.
那男孩看到熊时吓得直抖。
shake
是常用词，指任何一种剧烈的、不规则的摇动，可
以指人由于感情激动、
寒冷、
惧怕而身体颤抖。
Every once in a while in some part of the
world or another the
ground suddenly
shakes.
每隔一段时间，
在世界上的某个地区，
大地会突然发生震
动。
She shook
sand out of her shoes after walking across the
sand.
她走过沙滩后，抖
6
掉了鞋子里的沙子。
quiver
指类似琴弦震动那样不易察觉的抖动，较快速，可指人由于激动或兴奋而
颤抖。
He tried to steady his fingers,
but they quivered uncontrollably.
他想稳住手指
，
可它们不听使唤，
还在颤抖。
The
leaves quivered in the breeze.
树叶在微风中抖动。
shiver
指自主的肌肉颤抖，短暂而轻微，尤其是指因为体弱多病、寒冷、惧怕引
起的颤抖。常和
with,
at
等搭配。
She shivered at the
thought of going into the dark
house
alone.
想到要独自走进那黑房子，她不寒而栗。
He
was shivering with his face
white, and
he walked slowly as though it ached to move.
他全身哆嗦，脸色苍白，步
履缓慢，好像一动就会引起疼痛。
7.
dump:
vt
.
drop
carelessly, throw away
倾倒
Just dump everything useless over
there. I'll sort it out later.
先把没用的东西都
堆在
那边，我等会儿再整理。
The
truck dumped its load of sand on the driveway.
卡车将沙子卸在车道上
8.
route
n.
a way from one place to another
路线
The police
have cut
off
all the escape
routes from
the city
and
they will capture the
suspect soon.
警察已经切断这座城市的所有逃跑路线，他们很快就会捕获嫌疑人。
My son has a newspaper route. He
delivers the morning paper.
我儿子有划定的送报
区域，他送晨报。
[
扩展
] routine n.
日常工作，例行公事，惯例；老一套
He started the daily routine at once
when he entered the office.
一进办公室，他就照
常工作。
Don’t give me that
brotherly
-love routine.
别跟我奢谈兄弟般情谊的老话。
9.
exchange:
n.
a short conversation
交谈
The boy would
wait quietly when his mother makes exchanges with
neighbors.
妈妈
和邻居交谈的时候，这小男孩能静
静等待。
Congressional exchanges
are sometimes angry and heated.
国会辩论有时怒气冲冲，
言词激烈。
He became involved in an ugly exchange
with Simon.
他和西蒙大吵了一场。
10. outdoors:
adv.
outside; in the open
air
在户外；在野外
It is
good to you to do some exercise outdoors in the
fresh air.
在室外运动运动，
呼吸
新鲜空气，对你有好处。
It was warm
enough to be outdoors all afternoon.
天气
很暖和，在外面呆一下午也没
关系。
11. approach
1)
v.
come near
靠近，接近
Something
approaching
intergeneration
warfare
could
break
out.
有可能爆发某种
类似非同代人之间斗争的冲突。
As winter approaches the weather
is becoming
colder.
冬天渐进，天气冷起来了。
2
) n.
way, path,
road
道路，通道；方法
All
the approaches to the Palace were guarded by
soldiers.
所有通往王宫的道路都
有士兵把守。
We can see two basic approaches to the
problem: positive or negative.
我们发现有解
决这个问题的两种基本方式：要么积极的，要么消极的。
[
扩展
] approachable
adj.
of the
quality to be approached
可接近的，和蔼的
The
house on the mountain is approachable only on
foot.
山上的那座房子只能靠步
行才能到达。
7
She impressed
us with her modest and approachable manner.
她谦虚和蔼的态度给
我们印象深刻。
12.
lengthy:
adj
.
too long
冗长的
They solved
the problems after several lengthy talks.
< br>几经长时间交谈，
他们才解决
了问题。
< br>
His answer fell into a lengthy
explanation.
他的回答演变成了冗长的解释。
ze
vt.
make somebody behave in a more polite
way
使有教养，使文明
What
does the play do to civilize the audience?
这出戏如何教化观众？
Columbus discovered the New World while
the Puritans civilized the continent.
哥
伦布发现新大陆，清教徒在那传播文明。
The rough husband has been civilized by
his wife.
粗鲁的丈夫已由妻子教育得文
雅了。
14. case:
n.
a
situation that exists
事实；事例；情景
The
reporter offered a series of concrete cases to
make him understood.
报告人列举
了系
列实例，让大家明白他的意思
He is lying!
Actually, that is not the case.
他撒谎！事实不是那样的。
[
扩展
] in case of
如果
in any case
不管怎样
15. register
v.
1) realize or
notice something
意识到；注意到
Her beauty was registered much in the
guests’ memory at the party.
她的美貌给晚
会的宾客印象深刻。
He told me he was married but I'm
afraid it didn't register.
他告诉我他已经结婚了
,
不过我想当时我并未把这事记在心上。
2) put one’s name on a list
登记，注册，记录
I have
registered three English classes for next term.
下学期我已注册选读三门英
语课。
Foreign visitors must with the state
officials on entering the country.
外国旅客一入
境就必须办理登记。
16. normal
adj.
in agreement with what is
representative, usual, regular
正常的
It demands
great wits to maintain normal diplomatic relations
between powers in this
complicated
situation.
在如此复杂的形势下，要维持大国间的正常外交关系需要
大智慧。
She braced
herself to lead a normal life.
她振作起来去过正常生活。
He
received
four
years
of
normal
education
at
college.
他在大学受了四年正规教
育。
[
扩展
] abnormal
adj.
畸形的
17. human
adj.
having,
showing the qualities that distinguish man
有人性的，有人情味
的
His cruelty suggests that he is less
than human.
他的残忍表明他缺乏人性。
To err is human.
犯错误，人皆难免。
（凡夫俗子，孰能无过。
）
18. response
n.
1) answer
回答，回应，回复
My
letter of inquiry brought no response.
我的询问信始终没有回音。
The
teacher made a quick response to the inquiry from
the freshmen.
老师很快就回
复了新生们的咨询。
8
2
）
reaction
反应
Mary’
s appeal to her pity
met with no/little/some response.
玛丽向她求
情，可她没
有（很少、有点）反应。
My words called forth no response in
the students’ breast.
我的话没在学生心里产
生反应。
[
扩展
] respond
v.
回答，作答，答复，回应
responsible
adj.
应负责任的，有责任的
responsibility
n
.
责任，职责，任务
19.
startle
vt
.
give a shock of surprise to; cause to
move or jump
：使惊愕，使吃惊
She was startled to see him looking so
ill.
看到他病倒这地步，她大为震惊。
I yelled in my dream, which startled my
roommate out of his sleep.
我梦中的喊叫
声惊醒了同屋伙伴。
20. tight
adj.
fastened, fixed, fitting, held, closely
紧的
I can’t get
the cork out of the bottle—It’s too
tight.
我拔不出瓶塞，太紧了。
These shoes are so tight that they
hurt.
这鞋太紧，挤脚。
t
vt. & n.
vt.
move back or away
后退；撤离
The enemy
was in full retreat on the west bank of the river.
敌人在西线全部放弃。
He
retreated to the kitchen to consider their
quarrel.
他躲进厨房，
思考他们的争吵。
n.
the act of retreating
后退，撤离
The
French., suddenly outnumbered, were forced to
retreat from Russia.
由于敌军
突然超
过自己，法军被迫撤离俄罗斯。
22. peculiar
adj.
1) strange
，
often
in an unpleasant way
奇怪的，罕见的
That man seems a little peculiar but
his wife approachable.
那位男子怪怪的，而他
妻子和蔼可亲。
We got surprised at his peculiar
behavior on this occasion.
我们对他在这个场合的
古怪举止感到惊讶。
2
）
typical of a
particular person, place, etc.
独特的，奇异的，别样的
Everyone should respect others’
customs, especially
those peculiar to t
hem.
人人应当
尊重别人的风俗，特别是他们感到奇特的。<
/p>
The peculiar value of the
book attracts me.
这本书的独特价值吸引了我。
[
同义辨析
] peculiar,
particular
peculiar
强调特点与众不同
，
在同类事物中与其它相异而又非同寻常。
Language
is peculiar to
mankind.
语言是人类特有的。
I prefer
the peculiar taste of the wine. It
is
unique
。我比较喜欢这酒特有的气味，独一无二。
particular
着重指事物作为个体所具有的不同点或
差别，
即其它事物所不具备的
特点、特征。
There was nothing in the letter of particular importance.
信里没什么
特别重要的内容。
I
went
along
thinking
of
nothing
in
particular,
only
looking
at
things
around me. (2004
年六月四级真题）我一路走着，什么也没想，只是看
着
周围的事物。
23. rage
1
）
v.
shout angrily at someone
大怒，怒吼
He began to rage against
his bad luck.
他开始为自己的霉运而恼火。
He raged and fumed against me for not
letting him have his own way.
他对我怒吼
是因为我没让他自行其道。
9
2
）
n.
violent, uncontrollable anger
愤怒
He
flew
into
a
rage
when
he
heard
that
his
son
had
disobeyed
the
teacher’s
instructions.
听说儿子不听老师的教导，他大发雷霆。
He is beside himself with rage.
他气得要发疯了。
In his
rage at being publicly punished, he broke the
boss’s favorite vase.
当众被罚，
他
怒不可遏，就把老板心爱的花瓶给砸了。
24.
spontaneous
adj
.
happening by itself without
being planned
自发的；即时的
I joined in the spontaneous applause,
at the sight of the performer.
看到那位演员，
我也不由自主地鼓掌。
Can you offer a spontaneous answer to
the questions in class?
课堂上你对老师的问
题能脱口而出地回答吗？
25. ashamed
adj.
feeling
embarrassed or guilty
惭愧的；羞愧的；害臊的
I
felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so
angry.
为自个大发脾气，
为此我感
到无地自容。
Women are often
ashamed to admit they are being abused.
妇女往往羞于承认自己
在遭受虐待。
She was ashamed that she looked so
shabby.
她衣衫褴褛，感到不好意思。
26. boast
v.
speak too
proud
ly about one’s abilities,
achievements, etc.
夸口，吹嘘
It is bad to do evil, but worse to
boast of it.
作恶是坏事，扬恶恶更甚。
He boasted that he had never had a
serious illness.
他自夸从未得过大病。
A fishing village 30 years ago, it now
boats 150 major hotels.
那地方
3
0
年前还是
27. yell
v
.
shout
大喊，大叫
She
yelled out for help, but no one came.
她大喊求救，可一个人也没来。
Happily
，
they
yelled goodbye to each other after the party.
开完晚会，他们非常高
兴，相互高声喊着再见。
Will you boys stop yelling your heads
off just outside my window!
嗨，小伙子，别
在我窗外那么大喊大叫的！
28. sympathy
n
.
sharing the
feelings of others, feeling pity and tenderness
同情，怜悯；
同感；赞赏；同情心
I have some sympathy with their views.
我对他们的意见略有同感。
She
had very little help from doctors and no sympathy
whatsoever.
她没有得到医生
的一点点帮助和丝毫
同情。
We expressed our
sympathy for her loss.
我们对她的失利表示同情。
She
began to feel sympathy for the slightly mysterious
man.
她开始同情起这位有些
神秘的男子。
< br>
29. original
adj.
1) first; earliest
原先的，最初的
The
original
inhabitants
of
the
Americas
have
restored
the
house
to
its
original
condition.
美洲的原著民已把房子恢复到原先的样子。
The police has began to carry out the
original investigation.
警方已展开初步调查。
2) new
and different
新颖的，与众不同的
His daring and original idea won the
valuable support from those experts.
他的
主意
大胆而新颖，赢得专家们的宝贵支持。
The inventor had an original mind.
那个发明家具有创新思维。
[
扩展
] originally
adv
.
起初；原来；独创性；新颖性
origin
n.
起源；源头；由来
10
30. employment: n.
paid work
职业；工作；就业
He was
thrown out of employment recently and got
depressed.
他新近被解雇了，
精
< br>神不振。
Now it is a thorny
issue how to increase the employment of college
educators.
如何
提高大学生的就业可是个棘手的问
题。
[
扩展
] employ
v.
雇佣；使用
unemployed
adj.
未用的；没工作的
unemployment
n.
失业
31. sore:
adj
.
(of a part
of the body) tender and painful; hurting when
touched or used (
身体
的某部位
)
敏感而痛的；疼痛的
My sore throat demands me not to speak
much today.
我嗓子疼，今天不能多讲。
Have
you
also
got
something
suitable
for
sore
lips?
你们有什么给嘴唇肿痛的药
吗？
32. contrary:
adj.
opposite
相反的
I found them
in tears contrary to my expectation.
我出乎意料地发现他们在哭。
The
decision was contrary to my wishes.
决议与我的愿望相反。
[
扩展
] on the
contrary
正相反
to
the contrary
相反的
On the contrary, I have only just begun
my work.
正相反，我才刚刚开始干活。
If you don’t hear to the
contrary, I’ll visit you on Tuesday.
如果
没有另外通知，
我就在星期二去看你。
33. harm
1)
n
.
damage or hurt
伤害，损害
Her film was a complete failure, and
this did her reputation a lot of harm.
她这部电
影是彻底的失败了
,
使她的名声受到很大的损害。
He
means no harm by saying what he thinks.
他说出自己的想法，并无什么恶意。
2
）
vt.
hurt; cause damage to
损害，伤害
We have done nothing to harm you.
我们每做对不起你的事。
The
national interest was gravely harmed by this
attack.
这次攻击使国家利益受到
严重损害。
[
同义辨析
] harm, hurt
harm
是通俗口语，带来疼痛或损失；可指人身肉体的疼痛
，也可指精神、道德
或思想上的伤害。
There was
an unexpected explosion in our street, but our
building
wasn’t
harmed
at
all.
我们住的街道发生了
一次意外爆炸事故，但我们的大楼却
丝毫没有受损。
The
captain
of
the
guard
seized
six
of
the
men
and
gave
them
to
Guilliver but he did not
harm them.
卫兵队长抓住了六个小人，
交给了格里
佛，
而
他却没有伤害他们。
hurt
常用于口语，主要是有生命的东西。指人受伤时，一
定要用被动式。也可
借指精神或感情上的伤害。
Many
people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided.
一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞，许多人受了伤。
Pardon
me. I didn’t mean to hurt
you.
原谅我，我本无意伤害你。
34. frank:
adj
.
open and direct in speech or manner
坦诚的，直率的
If you
want my frank opinion, I don't think the plan will
succeed.
你如果要我坦诚
相告
,
那么我认为这个计划不会成功。
A
frank discussion can help to clear the air.
坦率的谈论有助于消除疑虑。
A
frank sincerity and
warm-heartedness
welled
from
his
music.
一种坦率真诚和
11
温暖人心的感情从他的音乐中奔涌而出。
[
扩展
] frankly
adv.
坦诚地，直率地
Frankly, the design is far from
perfect.
说实话，这个设计方案远够不上完美。
35.
essential:
adj.
necessary,
most
important,
indispensable
必不可少的
,
绝对必要的
;
非常重要的；本质的
,
实质的
,
基本的
Exercise,
fresh air, clean water, and enough sleep are
essential for life.
运动、新鲜空
气、净
水、足够的睡眠对生命至关重要。
There
are
essential
differences
between
the
two.
这两者之间有本质的区别。
Without
question, trade is essential to our growth.
毫无疑问，贸易对经济增长至为
重要。
A good dictionary is essential to a
language student.
对于学语言的学生来说，一部
< br>好的词典是不可缺少的。
36.
economist:
n.
a
person who studies economics
经济学家
The
growth
speed
of
China
in
the
last
thirty
years
are
beyond
most
economists’
expectation.
中国经济过去三十年的发展速度超出了绝大多数经济学家的预期。
The increasing army of the unemployed
has attracted the attention of the economist.
不断增长的失业大军引起了这名经济学家的关注。
[
扩展
] economics
n
.
经济学
economical
adj.
节约的，节俭的
economic
adj.
经济（学）的，有经济效益的
economy
n.
经济体，经济制度；节约
37. head to:
go
to
去；赶往
It is not clear how many of them will
be heading back to Xi’an.
不清楚他们中间有
多少人会掉头回西安。
That
country is heading to a grave economic depression.
那个国家正进入经济大萧
条的通道。
38. fly by
：
pass
quickly
（时间）飞逝；飞过
When I settled down, forty minutes had
flew by.
当我静下心来，已经过去了四十分
钟。
A bullet just flew by, but
missed the president.
一颗子弹飞过，但没打中总统。
39. make the rounds:
go
around from one place to another
逐一巡查、访问
Every
morning the doctors and the nurses come to make
their rounds of the ward.
每
天早上大夫和护士都要查病房。
The young widow makes the rounds to
deliver milk and newspaper in the this quarter
from 6 every morning.
每天早上六点
，
那位寡妇就开始在这片住宅区投放牛奶和
报纸。
40. go with:
match,
suit
匹配；相称
A
yellow blouse goes with her blonde hair.
黄色短上衣和她的金发很相称
。
You don’t have to make your lipstick
exactly go with your outfit.
你不必使你的口红
颜色完全同套装相配。
41. at
the sound of: as soon as one hears
一听到
At the sound
of the horn, the villager lost his head.
听到喇叭声，
那位老乡不知所措。
At the sound of the key in the door,
the boy dashed to the television and turned it
off.
听到钥匙开门的声音，那男孩猛冲过去，关了电视。
42
.
nothing but:
only
仅仅
He is nothing but a liar. Actually,
that’s not the case.
他就是个骗子，情况根本就不
是那样的。
12
They all thought that her expressions
of grie
f at her husband’s funeral
w
ere nothing
but show.
他们都认为她在丈夫葬礼上的痛苦表情只是装装样。
43. go around: move or travel round (a
place)
四处走动；绕道
The girl went around telling lies. We
are already tired of her.
那女孩到处说谎
,
我
们已经讨厌她了。
Going around the corner, we were met by
a cruelly cold wind.
过那拐角时，我们遭
遇一股刺骨寒风。
The quickest way to go around the city
is by underground train.
绕过这座城市的最
快办法就是乘坐地铁。
44. stay at:
remain behind at
守护，坚守
I’ll stay
at the bus stop while you go to see if there’s a
bus coming.
你去看有没有车
来，我就在公共汽车
站等你。
Don’t
you
w
ant to do something better with
your life than just stay at home doing
nothing?
你成天呆在家里无所事事，难道不想做点什么使生活更有意义？
The guard had orders to stay at his
post whatever happened.
卫兵有命令在身：
不管
发生什么事，必须坚守岗位。
45. look down on:
think that
one is better or more important than someone else;
overlook
看不起，瞧不起，看不上；俯瞰
You failed, but no one looked down on
you as you tried.
你没成功，
没人看不起
你，
因为你努力了。
When
she married the boss, she looked down on the
office girls she had worked with.
她嫁给老板后，就看不起曾和他共事的女职员了。
The church stands on a hill, looking
down on the village.
教堂位于一座小山上
,
俯
瞰着村子。
From my study window I looked down on
the bay.
从我书房的窗口，
我可以俯瞰海
湾。
46. be in for:
be going to experience something
unpleasant
必定会遭到
;
定要受罚
Whoever
breaks the school windows will be in for trouble!
无论谁打破了学校的窗
子
,
都要受罚。
It looks as
if we are in for a big storm.
看来我们一定会碰上一场暴风雨的。
47. hold water:
be true or
reasonable
真实的，经得起推敲的；令人信服的
Your views are absurd and don't hold
water.
你的看法荒唐，根本站不住。
The
witnesses' conflicting stories held no water.
证人互相矛盾的证词站不住脚。
48. call for:
demand, ask
for
呼吁，号召；需要
Many
countries call for a new round of WTO talks.
许多国家倡导新一轮的世贸会
谈。
More work doesn't necessarily call for
more men.
增加工作不一定要增加人员。
49. leave behind:
not take
somebody or something when leaving a place
忘记带；
留下；
遗
留
The plane is about to
leave
, and I’ve left my ticket behind.
飞机要起飞了，我却没
带票。
The wounded had to be left behind when
the defeated army left the battlefield.
部队
战败了，要撤离战场，伤员只能留下了。
The last government has left behind a
terrible debt.
上届政府留下了一笔烂债。
ii. Language Points
1.
Steve
and
I
hauled
trash
for
four
solid
hours
continuously,
except
for
about
five
13
minutes when
we stopped to talk. (Para. 1)
Meaning:
Steve and I carried trash for four full
hours without breaks, during which we
only stopped to have a chat for about
five minutes.
except
for
：
It is used to introduce
a fact that prevents a statement from being
completely
true or good.
Your essay is good except for some
spelling mistakes.
你的文章很好只是有一些拼写
错误。
The arrangement for the meeting has
been made, except for a few loose ends.
会议已经
安排就绪，只有少数零碎事需要扫尾。
2.
My shoulder
hurt wickedly each time I put another full barrel
on it. (Para.1)
Meaning:
Every time when I put another full
barrel of trash on my shoulder, it hurt me
badly.
each time:
every time, when
每当
A
photo
’
s taken each time that
button is pushed.
每按一次按钮拍下一张照片。
Each time I traveled by boat, I got
seasick.
我每次乘船都晕。
3.
…but the rest
of me said, “Go, trashman, go.” (Para.
2)
Meaning
：
…
but
my mind
told me, ―Keep going, garbage man.
Don’t stop.‖
4.
Dump. Lift. Walk. Lift. Walk. (Para. 2)
Please notice the mechanic repetition
is used to indicate the
dullness of the
work
.
5.
Saturday meant most adults were at home
on the route. (Para. 3)
Meaning:
On Saturdays most adults who live in
the area where I picked up trash were at
home.
6.
I thought this
might mean more exchanges as I made the rounds
today. (Para 3)
Meaning:
I
thought their staying at home might
provide more chances for
exchanging
greetings as I
went around collecting trash from door to door
today.
7.
There
wasn’t time for lengthy talks but enough to
exchange gree
tings that go with
civilized ways. (Para. 3)
Meaning:
There
was
not
enough
time
to
talk
for
long,
but
enough
time
to
exchange
some warm greetings
as to show you have good manners.
8.
I
said
hello
I
quite
a
few
yards
before
the
message
registered
that
this
was
n’t
normally
done. (Para. 5)
Meaning:
Before
I understood that
saying hello wasn’t something that was commonly
done I said hello to many people.
“The
message”
here
refers
to
“that
this
wasn’t
normally
done”.
The
response
the
greeted
people
made
to
his
greetings
helped
him
to
understand
that
he
was
doing
something
other
trashmen
never
did
and
were
not
e
xpected
to
do.
This
can
be
seen
from the
following sentences and paragraphs.
9.
…who looked me
in the eye... (Para. 5)
Please notice that the phrase here
shows t
hat people are cold in their
attitudes toward ―I‖
regarding ―I‖ as
a very strange person.
10.
At
the
sound
of
my
greeting,
she
gathered
her
housecoat
tightly
about
her
and
retreated quickly indoors. (Para. 6)
Meaning:
When
she
heard
my
greeting,
she
was
in
a
sort
of
confusion,
pulling
her
housecoat tightly around her and
quickly going back into the house.
11.
Steve raged
spontaneously about these things on the long ride
to the dump. (Para. 7)
Meaning:
As an immediate and natural reaction to
his experience, Steve talked angrily
about these things on the long way to
the dump.
12.
The
way most people look at you, you’d think a
trashman was a monster. (Para. 8)
Meaning:
Judging
from
the
way
most
people
look
at
you,
you
would
think
that
a
trashman wasn’t even human
but rathe
r a monster.
13.
Who are you
to say what goes?(Para. 9)
14
Meaning:
How
dare you say I should not put the ashes in the
trashman?
Who are you to
say…:
What right do you have to
say…
Who are you to say what
I should do?
你有什么权利说我该干什么？
Who are you to say I must stay at
home
？你有什么权利说我必须带在家里？
14.
I graduated
near the top of my high school class. (Para. 9)
Meaning
：
…and when
I graduated I was among the best of my high school
class.
15.
I left this country a little cleaner
than I found it this morning. (Para. 13)
Meaning:
When I finished my
job in the evening, I found the country was
cleaner that it
had been in the
morning.
Notice: the structure “leave +
n. + adj.
(or V- ing /
V-
ed)”
He left
the house clean.
他离开时房子干干净净。
She always thinks she left the room
unlocked.
她总觉着自己没锁门。
Mary left John waiting at the gate of
the school.
玛丽让约翰在校门口等自己。
16.
…a society,
which praises its philosophers and looks down on
its plumbers, is in for
trouble. (Para.
14)
Meaning:
…a
society
which
speaks
highly
of
its
philosophers
and
does
not
value
its
plumbers will certainly
have trouble.
17.
Neither its pipes nor its theories will
hold water…(Para.14)
Meaning:
Neither its pipes
nor its theories will stand up to
inspection because of low
quality…
The
sentence has been taken from the
following quotation: “The society
which scorns
excellence
in
plumbing
because
plumbing
is
a
humble
activity
and
tolerates
shoddiness in
philosophy because philosophy is an exalted
activity, will neither good
plumbing
nor good philosophy. Neither its pipes nor its
theories will hold water.”
18.
He might have
gone a step further and called for respect for
both our economists
and our trashman;
otherwise, they’ll both leave garbage behind.
(Para. 14)
Meaning:
He
might
have
gone
on
to
demand
that
the
society
respect
both
our
economists and our trashmen; otherwise,
our economists and our trashmen will not do
their work properly.
VI. Text Summary
i.
Student’s Presentation
(T asks 2-3 students to make
presentation)
ii.
Teacher’s
Summary
The text
is
a diary
about
the experiences
of a
trashman. He, firstly, tells us who he is
and
what kind of work he is
doing. Then, he describes his experiences during
his greeting exchanges
with
the
local
people,
and
gets
shocked
by
the
way
people
responded
to
his
warm
greetings.
Although he was
looked down upon by some people, he will continue
to work as a trashman as
he
thinks
that
trashmen
are
important
just
as
economists
and
that
trashmen
and
economists
deserve the equal
respect from people.
VII.
Ater-text A Exercises
1.
V
ocabulary: Students are
asked to master the key works and phrases.
2.
Sentence
Structure: T summarizes the usage of ―so‖, ―nor‖,
―neither‖ and ―even if‖, shows
how to
rewrite sentences after the models.
3.
Translation
4.
Cloze
Section B The Company Man
I. Reading Skill
15
Understanding Idiomatic Expressions
The
meaning
of
idiomatic
expressions
can
be
very
hard
—
even
impossible
—
to
guess.
Word structure
doesn't always help, and can even fool us
entirely! Idioms grow out of events
and
usage
within
the
specific
culture,
which
is
why
learning
the
cultural
behavior
is
as
important--
and maybe more important in some
intendances
—
as learning the
words if we are
to achieve truly
effective communication. To understand idiomatic
expressions, one must be
good at:
1.
searching for contextual clues;
2.
looking for
examples if there any;
3.
finding explanations if there any;
4.
locating
opposite or similar phrases
Here are
some examples from Reading Passage A:
Example 1.
Who are you to say what
goes?
(Para. 9)
From what goes before and after the
sentence, we can get the meaning of the sentence:
Do you think that you have the right or
power to tell others what should be done and what
should not be done? Or, you are not
entitled to teach anyone what is right or what is
wrong.
Example
2.
He might have gone a step further and
called for respect for both our economists and
our trashmen.
(Para. 14)
have gone a
step further: to add or explain a bit more.
Example 3.
I thought this
might mean more exchanges as
I
made the rounds today. Many people
were outdoors working in their garden
or greenhouses.
(Para.3)
made the rounds: go around for one
place or another
Example 4
There
weren’t
time
for
lengthy
talks
but
eno
ugh
to
exchange
greetings
that
go
with
civilized ways
.(Para 3)
go with: be suitable for
Example 5
Neither its pipes
nor its theories hold water
.(Para 14)
hold water: be true or reasonable.
II. Warm-up Activity
1.
Topic
Discussion
ⅰ
Student’s
Discussion
1)
What is the real reason of the company
man, Phil’s death?
---He
died of overwork. /He worked himself to death.
2)
What is a Type
A? Do you think there are other types?
---A Type A is person who aims high and
works too hard, a workaholic. Yes, there other
types
like Type B.
ⅱ
Teacher’s Summary
Many people want to be company men,
especially college graduates. They think to be a
company man, one can earn handsome
salary, be preferred by the top leaders of the
company,
have
more
chances
of
being
promoted.
Thus
they
can
live
a
better
life
than
the
average.
However, every coin has two sides. From
this passage you will find being a company man is
not always a good idea, sometimes a
company man may lose more than he gets.
2.
Questions on
the Topic and the Passage
1)
What is the reason of the Phil’s death
told by the notice of his death?
---
Heart attack.
2)
Where did Phil
often have his meals?
---
In
his office.
3)
What can you infer from Phil’s wife,
Helen’s words?
---She
complained that her husband had neglected her.
16
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