菊花与剑-阿姆斯
2016
年
12
月大学
英语四级考试真题
(
第
1
套
)
Part
Ⅰ
Writing
(30
minutes)
Directions:
For
this
part,
you
are
allowed
30
minutes
to
write
an
essay.
Suppose
you
have
twooptions upon graduation: one is to
find a job somewhere and the other to start
abusiness of
your own. You are to make
a decision. Write an essay to explain the
reasonsfor your decision. You
should
write at least 120 words but no more than 180
words.
Part
Ⅱ
Listening Comprehension
( 25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will
hear three news reports. At the end of each
newsreport, you
will hear two or three
questions. Both the news report and thequestions
will be spoken only once.
After you
hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer
from the four choices marked A, B, C
and
mark
the
corresponding
letter
on
Answer
Sheet
1
with
a
single
linethrough
the
centre.
Questions
1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just
heard.
1. A. It was
dangerous to live in.
B. It
was going to be renovated.
C. He could no longer pay the
rent.
D. He had sold it to
the royal family.
2. A. A
strike.
B. A storm.
C. A forest
fire.
D. A terrorist
attack.
Questions 3 and 4
are based on the news report you have just
heard.
3. A. They lost
contact with the emergency department.
B. They were trapped in an underground
elevator.
C. They were
injured by suddenly falling rocks.
D. They sent calls for help via a
portable radio.
4. A. They
tried hard to repair the elevator.
B. They released the details of the
accident.
C. They sent
supplies to keep the miners warm.
D. They provided the miners with food
and water.
Questions 5 to 7
are based on the news report you have just
heard.
5. A. Raise postage
rates.
B. Improve its
services.
C. Redesign
delivery routes.
D. Close
some of its post offices.
6.
A. Shortening business hours.
B. Closing offices on holidays.
C. Stopping mail delivery
on Saturdays.
D.
Computerizing mall sorting processes.
7. A. Many post office staff will lose
their jobs.
B. Many people
will begin to complain.
C.
Taxpayers will be very pleased.
D. A lot of controversy will
arise.
Section B
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
will
hear
two
long
conversations.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation,you
will
hear
four
questions.
Both
the
conversation
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
onlyonce.
After
you
hear
a
question,
you
must
choose
the
best
answer
from
the
four
choicesmarked A,
B,
C
and D .
Then
mark
the
corresponding
letter
on
Answer
Sheet
1with
a
single
line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the
conversation you have just heard.
8. A. He will be kept from
promotion.
B. He will go
through retraining.
C. He
will be given a warning.
D.
He will lose part of his pay.
9. A. He is always on time.
B. He is a trustworthy guy.
C. He is an experienced press
operator.
D. He is on good
terms with his workmates.
10. A. She is a trade union
representative.
B. She is in
charge of public relations.
C. She is a senior manager of the
shop.
D. She is better at
handling such matters.
11.
A. He is skilled and experienced.
B. He is very close to the
manager.
C. He is always
trying to stir up trouble.
D. He is always complaining about low
wages.
Questions 12 to 15
are based on the conversation you have just
heard.
12. A.
Open.
B. Friendly.
C. Selfish.
D. Reserved.
13.
A. They stay quiet.
B. They
read a book.
C. They talk
about the weather.
D. They
chat with fellow passengers.
14. A. She was always treated as a
foreigner.
B. She was eager
to visit an English castle.
C. She was never invited to a
colleague's home.
D. She was
unwilling to make friends with
workmates.
15. A. Houses are
much more quiet.
B. Houses
provide more privacy.
C.
They want to have more space.
D. They want a garden of their
own.
Section C
Directions:
In
this
section,
you
will
hear
three
passages.
At
the
end
of
each
passage,
you
will
hearthree or four questions. Both the
passage and the questions will be spoken only
you hear a question, you must choose
the best answer from the four choices markedA, B,
C and
D . Then mark the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through
the centre.
Questions 16 to
18 are based on the passage you have just
heard.
16. A. They don't
have much choice of jobs.
B.
They are likely to get much higher pay.
C. They don't have to go through job
interviews.
D. They will
automatically be given hiring priority.
17. A. Ask their professors for
help.
B. Look at school
bulletin boards.
C. Visit
the school careers service.
D. Go through campus
newspapers.
18. A. Helping
students find the books and journals they
need.
B. Supervising study
spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.
C. Helping students arrange
appointments with librarians.
D. Providing students with information
about the library.
Questions
19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just
heard.
19. A. It tastes
better.
B. It is easier to
grow.
C. It may be sold at
a higher price.
D. It can
better survive extreme weathers.
20. A. It is healthier than green
tea.
B. It can grow in drier
soil.
C. It will replace
green tea one day.
D. It is
immune to various diseases.
21. A. It has been well received by
many tea drinkers.
B. It
does not bring the promised health
benefits.
C. It has made tea
farmers' life easier.
D. It
does not have a stable market.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the
passage you have just heard.
22. A. They need decorations to show
their status.
B. They prefer
unique objects of high quality.
C. They decorate their homes
themselves.
D. They care
more about environment.
23.
A. They were proud of their creations.
B. They could only try to create at
night.
C. They made great
contributions to society.
D.
They focused on the quality of their
products.
24. A. Make wise
choices.
B. Identify fake
crafts.
C. Design
handicrafts themselves.
D.
Learn the importance of creation.
25. A. To boost the local
economy.
B. To attract
foreign investments.
C. To
arouse public interest in crafts.
D. To preserve the traditional
culture.
Part
Ⅲ
Reading
Comprehension
(40
minutes)
Section
A
Directions:
In
this
section,
there
is
a
passage
with
ten
blanks.
You
are
required
to
select
one
wordfor
each
blank
from
a
list
of
choices
given
in
a
word
bank
following
the
passage.
Read
thepassage through carefully before
making your choices. Each choice in the bank
isidentified by
a letter. Please mark
the corresponding letter for each item on
AnswerSheet 2 with a single line
through the centre. You may not use any
of the words in thebank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the
following passage.
When
someone
commits
a
criminal
act,
we
always
hope
the
punishment
will
match
the
when
it comes to one of the cruelest
crimes
--
animal
fighting
--
things26 work out
that
-
fighting
victims
are
27
and
killed
for
profit
and
yet
their
criminal
abusers
oftenreceive a28 sentence for causing a
lifetime of pain. Roughly
half of all
federally
-
convicted
animalfighters only get probation
(
缓刑
).
Some
progress
has
been
made
in
the
prosecution
(
起诉
)
of
animal
fighters.
But
federal
judgesoften rely
heavily on the U. S. Sentencing GuideLines when
they29 penalties, and in the
case
ofanimal fighting, those guidelines are outdated
and extremely30
The
U.S.
Sentencing
Commission,
which31
these
sentencing
guidelines,
is
revisiting
them,proposing to raise the minimum
sentence from 6
-
12 to 21
-
27 months. This is a step
in
the right32, but we'd like to see
the U. S. Sentencing Commission make further
changes to the
guidelines.
Along with this effort, we're working
with animal advocates and state and federal
lawmakers to33
anti
-
cruelty
laws
across
the
country,
as
well
as
supporting
laws
and
policies
that
assistoverburdened
animal
34
that
care
for
animal
fighting
victims.
This
help
is
35
importantbecause the high
cost of caring for animal victims is a major
factor that prevents people
from
gettinginvolved in cruelty cases in the first
place.
A.
convenient
B.
creates
C.
critically
D. determine
E. direction
F. hesitate
G.
inadequate
H.
inspired
I.
method
J. minimal
K. rarely
L.
shelters
M.
strengthen
N.
sufferings
O.
tortured
Section
B
Directions: In this
section, you are going to read a passage with ten
statements attached to it.
Eachstatement contains information
given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the
paragraphfrom
which the information is
derived. You may choose a paragraph more than
paragraph is
marked with a the
questions by marking thecorresponding letter on
Answer Sheet
2.
When Work Becomes a Game
A)
What
motivates
employees
to
do
their
jobs
well?
Competition
with
coworkers,
for
some.
Thepromise of rewards,
for others. Pure enjoyment of
problem
-
solving, for a lucky
few.
B) Increasingly,
companies are tapping into these desires directly
through what has come to be
knownas
:
essentially,
turning
work
into
a
game.
is
about
understandingwhat
it
is
that
makes
games
engaging
and
what
game
designers
do
to
create
a
great
experience ingames, and taking those learnings and
applying them to other contexts such
as
the workplace andeducation,
the Wharton
School ofBusiness at the University of
Pennsylvania in the United States.
C) It might mean monitoring employee
productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering
prizes
to thewinner, or giving
employees digital badges or stars for completing
certain activities. It could
alsomean
training
employees
how
to
do
their
jobs
through
video
game
platforms.
Companies
fromGoogle
to
L'Oréalto
IBM
to
Wells
Fargo
are
known
to
use
some
degree
of
gamification
in
theirworkplaces. And more
and more companies are joining them. A recent
report suggests that
theglobal
gamification market will grow from $$1.65 billion
in 2015 to $$11.1 billion by 2020.
D)
The
concept
of
gamification
is
not
entirely
new,
Werbach
says.
Companies,
marketers
and
teachershave long looked for fun ways
to engage people's
reward
-
seeking or
competitive spirits.
Cracker Jackshas
been
100 years, headds, and the turn
-
of
-
the
-
century steel magnate
(
巨头
) Charles Schwab is said
to
have often comeinto his factory and
written the number of tons of steel produced on
the past
shift on the factoryfloor,
thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat
the previous one.
E)
But
the
word
and
the
widespread,
conscious
application
of
the
concept
only
beganin
earnest
about
five
years
ago,
Werbach
says.
Thanks
in
part
to
video
games,
the
generation
nowentering
the
workforce
is
especially
open
to
the
idea
of
having
their
work
gamified.
people
grew
up
playingvideo
games,
and
an
increasingly
high
percentage
of
adults
play
these
video games too,
F) A number of companies have sprung
up
--
GamEffective, Bunchbail
and Badgeville, to name a
few
--
in recent
years offering gamification platforms for
businesses. The platforms that are most
effectiveturn employees' ordinary job
tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative.
a
gamegame
-
like
is
that
the
player
actually
cares
about
the
outcome,
Werbach
says.
principle
isabout understanding what is motivating to this
group of players, which requires some
understandingof psychology.
G)
Some
people,
Werbach
says,
are
motivated
by
people
often
fall
into
thiscategory.
For
them,
the
right
kind
of
gamification
might
be
turning
their
saies
pitches
into
acompetition
with
other
team
members,
complete
with
a
digital
leaderboard
showing
who
is
winningat
all
times.
Others
are
more
motivated
by
collaboration
and
social
experiences.
One
companyWerbach
has
studied
uses
gamification
to
create
a
sense
of
community
and
boost
employees'
morale(
士气
). When employees
log in to their computers, they're shown a picture
of
one of theircoworkers and asked to
guess that person's name.
H)
Gamification
does
not
have
to
be
digital.
Monica
Cornetti
runs
a
company
that
gamifies
employeetrainings.
Sometimes
this
involves
technology,
but
often
it
does
not.
She
recently
designed
agamification
strategy
for
a
saies
training
company
with
a
storm
-
chasing
theme.
Employees
formed
-
themed educational
exercises to
earn variousrewards.
workinghours.
Another
training,
this
one
for
pay
roll
law,
used
a
Snow
White
and
the
Seven
Dwarfstheme.
White
is
available
for
everyone
to
use,
but
the
are
still
under
copyright,so
Cornetti
invented
sound
-
alike
characters
(Grumpy
Gus,
Dopey
Dan)
to
illustrate
specific pay rolllaw
principles.
I)
Some
people
do
not
take
naturaily
to
gamified
work
environments,
Cornetti
herexperience, people in
positions of power or people in finance or
engineering do not tend to
like
thesound of the word.
all,
says.
talking
about
a
'
simulation'
(
模拟
),
I'm
talking
about
'
being
able
to
solvethis problem.
'
J)
Gamification
is
not
a
magic
bullet,
Werbach
warns.A
gamification
strategy
that
is
notsufficiently thought through or well
tailored to its players may engage people for a
little while,
but itwill not motivate
people in the long term. It can also be
exploitative, especially when used
withvulnerable
populations.
For
workers,
especially
low
-
paid
workers,
who
desperately
need
their
jobsyet
know
they
can
be
easily
replaced,
gamification
may
feel
more
like
the
Hunger
Games.
Werbachgives
the
example
of
several
Disneyland
hotels
in
Anaheim,
Caiifornia,
which
used
large
digital
leaderboards
to
display
how
efficiently
laundry
workers
were
working
compared
to
one
employees
found
the
board
motivating.
To
others,
it
was
the
opposite of fun. Some
began tostop taking bathroom breaks, worried that
if their productivity fell
they would
be fired. Pregnantemployees struggled to keep up.
In a Los Angeles Times article, one
employee
referred
to
the
boardas
a
whip.
actually
had
a
very
negative
effect
on
morale
and performance,
K) Still,
gamification only stands to become more popular,
he says,
comeinto the workforce who are
familiar with the structures and expressions of
digitai games.
36. Some famous companies are already
using gamification and more are trying to do the
same.
37. Gamification is
not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may
have negative results.
38.
To enhance morale, one company asks its employees
to identify their fellow workers when
startingtheir computers.
39. The idea of gamification was
practiced by some businesses more than a century
ago.
40. There is reason to
believe that gamification will be here to
stay.
41. Video games
contributed in some ways to the wide application
of gamification.
42. When
turning work into a game, it is necessary to
understand what makes games
interesting.
43.
Gamification in employee training does not always
need technology.
44.
The
most
successful
gamification
platforms
transform
daily
work
assignments
into
fun
experiences.
45. It is necessary to use terms other
than
Section C
Directions:
There
are
2
passages
in
this
section.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
some
questions
orunfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
andD .
You
should decide on the
best choice and mark the corresponding letter on
AnswerSheet 2 with a
single line
through the centre.
Passage
One
Questions 46 to 50 are
based on the following passage.
Recently
I
attended
several
meetings
where
we
talked
about
ways
to
retain
students
and
keepyounger faculty members from going
elsewhere.
It
seems
higher
education
has
become
an
industry
of
meeting
-
holders
whose
task
it
is
to
--
real or
imagined. And in my position as a professor at
three different colleges,
the
actualproblems in educating our young people and
older students have deepened, while the
number of
peoplehired
--
not to teach
but to hold meetings
--
has
increased significantly. Every new
problem
creates
anew
job
for
an
administrative
fixer.
Take
our
Center
for
Teaching
Excellence.
Contrary
to
its
title,
thecenter
is
a
clearing
house
(
信息交流中心
)
for
using
technology
in
classrooms
and
in
online
's
an
administrative
sham
(
欺诈
)
of
the
kind
that
has
multiplied over the last 30
years.
I
offer
a
simple
proposition
in
response:
Many
of
our
problems
--
class
attendance,
educationalsuccess, student happiness
and well
-
being
--<
/p>
might be improved by cutting down the
bureaucratic (
官僚的
) mechanisms and meetings
and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If
we
replaced
half
of
ouradministrative
staff
with
classroom
teachers,
we
might
actually
get
a
majority of
our classes back to 20or fewer students per
teacher. This would be an environment in
which teachers and students
actuallyknew each other.
The
teachers must be free to teach in their own
way
--
the curriculum should
be flexible enough
sothat they can use
their individual talents to achieve the goals of
the course. Additionally, they
should
beallowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it
well. Teachers are not people who are
great
at
andconsumed
by
research
and
happen
to
appear
in
a
classroom.
Good
teaching
and
research are notexclusive, but they are
also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art
and a
craft,
talent
andpractice;
it
is
not
something
that
just
anyone
can
be
good
at.
It
is
utterly
confusing to me that
peopledo not recognize this, despite the fact that
pretty much anyone who
has been a
student can tell thedifference between their best
and worst teachers.
46. What
does the author say about
present
-
day
universities?
A. They are
effectively tackling real or imagined
problems.
B. They often fail
to combine teaching with research.
C. They are
over
-
burdened with
admires
D. They lack talent
to fix their deepening problems.
47. According to the author, what kind
of people do universities lack most?
A. Good classroom teachers.
B. Efficient administrators.
C. Talented
researchers.
D. Motivated
students.
48. What does the
author imply about the classes at
present?