show是什么意思-tusa
2003
年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题
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Section I Use of
English
Directions
：
Read the following text. Choose the
best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C OR D on ANSWER SHEET 1.
(10 points)
Teachers
need
to
be
aware
of
the
emotional,
intellectual,
and
physical
changes
that
young
adults
experience.
And
they
also
need
to
give
serious
1 to
how
they
can best 2 such changes. Growing
bodies need movement and 3 , but not just
in ways that emphasize competition. 4
they are adjusting to their new bodies
and
a
whole
host
of
new
intellectual
and
emotional
challenges,
teenagers
are
especially
self-conscious
and
need
the 5
that
comes
from
achieving
success
and
knowing that their
accomplishments are 6 by others. However, the
typical
teenage lifestyle is already
filled with so much competition that it would be
7
to plan activities in which there
are more winners than losers, 8
，
publishing
newsletters
with
many
student-written
book
reviews,
9
student
artwork,
and
sponsoring
book
discussion
clubs.
A
variety
of
small
clubs
can
provide
10
opportunities
for
leadership,
as
well
as
for
practice
in
successful 11 dynamics.
Making
friends
is
extremely
important
to
teenagers,
and
many
shy
students
need
the
12 of
some kind of organization with a supportive adult
13 visible in the
background.
In
these
activities,
it
is
important
to
remember
that
the
young
teens
have
14
attention spans. A variety of
activities should be organized 15 participants
can
remain
active
as
long
as
they
want
and
then
go
on
to 16 else
without
feeling
guilty and without
letting the other participants 17 . This does
not mean that
adults
must
accept
irresponsibility.
18 they
can
help
students
acquire
a
sense
of
commitment by 19 for roles that are within
their 20 and their attention
spans
and by having clearly stated rules.
1. [A] thought [B]
idea [C] opinion [D] advice
2. [A] strengthen [B]
accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance
3. [A] care [B]
nutrition [C] exercise [D]
leisure
4. [A] If
[B] Although [C] Whereas [D]
Because
5. [A] assistance
[B] guidance [C] confidence [D]
tolerance
6. [A] claimed
[B] admired [C] ignored [D]
surpassed
7. [A] improper
[B] risky [C] fair [D]
wise
8. [A] in effect
[B] as a result [C] for example [D] in
a sense
9.
[A]
displaying [B]
describing [C]
creating [D]
exchanging
10.
[A] durable [B] excessive [C]
surplus [D] multiple
11.
[A]
group
[B]
individual
[C]
personnel
[D]
corporation
12.
[A] consent [B] insurance [C]
admission [D] security
13. [A] particularly [B] barely
[C] definitely [D] rarely
14. [A] similar [B] long
[C] different [D] short
15. [A] if only [B] now that
[C] so that [D] even if
16.
[A]
everything [B]
anything [C]
nothing [D]
something
17. [A] off
[B] down [C] out [D]
alone
18.
[A]
On
the
contrary
[B]
On
the
average [C]
On
the
whole
[D]
On
the
other
hand
19. [A]
making [B] standing [C]
planning [D] taking
20.
[A]
capability [B]
responsibility [C]
proficiency [D]
efficiency
Section II Reading
Comprehension
Part
A
Directions:
Read
the
following
four
texts.
Answer
the
questions
below
each
text
by
choosing
[A], [B], [C] or
[D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40
points)
Text 1
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the
Inter net. The American spymaster who
built
the
Office
of
Strategic
Services
in
the
World
War
Ⅱ
and
later
laid
the
roots
for the CIA was fascinated with
information. Donovan believed in using whatever
tools
came
to
hand
in
the
“
great
game
”
of
espionage
—
spying
as
a
“
profession.
”
These
days
the
Net,
which
has
already
re-made
such
everyday
pastimes
as
buying
books
and
sending mail, is reshaping
Donovan
’
s vocation as well.
The
latest
revolution
isn
’
t
simply
a
matter
of
gentlemen
reading
other
gentlemen
’
s
e-mail.
That
kind
of
electronic
spying
has
been
going
on
for
decades.
In
the
past
three
or
four
years,
the
World
Wide
Web
has
given
birth
to
a
whole
industry
of
point-and-clic
k
spying.
The
spooks
call
it
“open
source
intelligence,”
and
as
the
Net
grows,
it
is
becoming
increasingly
influential.
In
1995
the
CIA
held
a
contest
to
see
who
could
compile
the
most
data
about
Burundi.
The
winner,
by
a
large
margin,
was
a
tiny
Virginia
company
called
Open-Source
Solutions
，
whose
clear
advantage
was
its mastery of the
electronic world.
Among
the
firms
making
the
biggest
splash
in
the
new
world
is
Straitford,
Inc.,
a
private
intelligence-analysis
firm
based
in
Austin,
Texas.
Straitford
makes
money
by
selling
the
results
of
spying
(covering
nations
from
Chile
to
Russia)
to
corporations
like
energy-services
firm
McDermott
International.
Many
of
its
predictions are available online
at
president George
Friedman says he sees the
online
world
as
a
kind
of
mutually
reinforcing
tool
for
both
information
collection
and distribution, a
spymaster
’
s dream. Last week
his firm was busy vacuuming up
data
bits
from
the
far
corners
of
the
world
and
predicting
a
crisis
in
Ukraine.
“
As
soon
as that
report
runs,
we
’
ll
suddenly
get
500
new
internet sign-ups
from
Ukraine,
”
says
Friedman, a former political science professor.
“
And
we
’
ll hear
back
from some of
them.
”
Open-
source spying does have
its risks, of
course, since
it
can
be
difficult
to
tell
good
information
from
bad.
That
’
s
where
Straitford
earns
its keep.
Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20
in Austin. Several of his staff members
have
military-intelligence
backgrounds.
He
sees
the
firm
’
s
outsider
status
as
the
key to its
success. Straitford
’
s briefs
don
’
t sound like the usual
Washington
back-and-forthing,
whereby
agencies
avoid
dramatic
declarations
on
the
chance
they
might be wrong. Straitford,
says Friedman, takes
pride
in
its
independent voice.
21. The emergence of the
Net has .
[A]
received support from fans like Donovan
[B] remolded the
intelligence services
[C]
restored many common pastimes
[D] revived spying as a
profession
22.
Donovan
’
s story is mentioned
in the text to .
[A]
introduce the topic of online spying
[B] show how he fought for the
US
[C] give an episode of
the information war
[D]
honor his unique services to the CIA
23. The phrase
“
making the biggest
splash
”
(line 1,paragraph 3)
most probably
means .
[A] causing the biggest
trouble
[B] exerting the
greatest effort
[C]
achieving the greatest success
[D] enjoying the widest
popularity
24. It can be
learned from paragraph 4 that .
[A] straitford
’
s
prediction about Ukraine has proved
true
[B] straitford
guarantees the truthfulness of its
information
[C]
straitford
’
s business is
characterized by unpredictability
[D] straitford is able to provide
fairly reliable information
25. Straitford is most proud of its
.
[A] official
status
[B] nonconformist
image
[C] efficient
staff
[D] military
background
Text
2
th
To
paraphrase
18
-century
statesman
Edmund
Burke,
“
all
that
is
needed
for
the
triumph
of a misguided cause is that good people do
nothing.
”
One such cause now
seeks to end biomedical research
because of the theory that animals have rights
ruling out their use in research.
Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal
rights
advocates,
whose
arguments
are
confusing
the
public
and
thereby
threatening
advances
in
health
knowledge
and
care.
Leaders
of
the
animal
rights
movement
target
biomedical
research
because
it
depends
on
public
funding,
and
few
people
understand
the process of
health care research. Hearing allegations of
cruelty to animals in
research
settings,
many
are
perplexed
that
anyone
would
deliberately
harm
an
animal.
For
example,
a
grandmotherly
woman
staffing
an
animal
rights
booth
at
a
recent
street
fair
was
distributing
a
brochure
that
encouraged
readers
not
to
use
anything
that comes from or
is tested in animals
—
no
meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if
she
opposed
immunizations,
she
wanted
to
know
if
vaccines
come
from
animal
research.
When
assured
that
they
do,
she
replied,
“
Then
I
would
have
to
say
yes.
”
Asked
what
will
happen when epidemics return, she said,
“
Don
’
t
worry, scientists will find
some way of
using computers.
”
Such well-
meaning people just don
’
t
understand.
Scientists must
communicate their message to the public in a
compassionate,
understandable
way
—
in human terms, not in
the language of molecular biology. We
need
to
make
clear
the
connection
between
animal
research
and
a
grandmother
’
s
hip
replacement,
a
father
’
s
bypass
operation,
a
baby
’
s
vaccinations,
and
even
a
pet
’
s
shots. To those who are unaware that
animal research was needed to produce these
treatments,
as
well
as
new
treatments
and
vaccines,
animal
research
seems
wasteful
at best and cruel
at worst.
Much
can
be
done.
Scientists
could
“adopt”
middle
school
classes
and
present
their
own research. They should be quick to respond to
letters to the editor, lest
animal
rights
misinformation
go
unchallenged
and
acquire
a
deceptive
appearance
of
truth. Research
institutions could be opened to tours, to show
that laboratory
animals
receive
humane
care.
Finally,
because
the
ultimate
stakeholders
are
patients,
the
health
research
community
should
actively
recruit
to
its
cause
not
only
well-
known
personalities
such
as
Stephen
Cooper,
who
has
made
courageous
statements
about the value
of animal research,
but all who
receive medical
treatment.
If good
people do nothing, there is a
real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will
extinguish the precious embers of
medical progress.
26. The author begins his article with
Edmund Burke
’
s words to
.
[A] call on scientists to
take some actions
[B]
criticize the misguided cause of animal
rights
[C] warn of the doom
of biomedical research
[D]
show the triumph of the animal rights
movement
27. Misled people
tend to think that using an animal in research is
.
[A] cruel but
natural
[B] inhuman and
unacceptable
[C] inevitable
but vicious
[D] pointless
and wasteful
28. The example
of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the
public
’
s .
[A] discontent with animal
research
[B] ignorance about
medical science
[C]
indifference to epidemics
[D] anxiety about animal
rights
29.
The
author
believes
that,
in
face
of
the
challenge
from
animal
rights
advocates,
scientists should .
[A] communicate more with the public
[B] employ hi-tech means in
research
[C] feel no shame
for their cause
[D] strive
to develop new cures
30.
From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is
.
[A] a well-known
humanist
[B] a medical
practitioner
[C] an
enthusiast in animal rights
[D] a supporter of animal
research
Text
3
In recent
years, railroads have been combining with each
other, merging into
supersystems,
causing
heightened
concerns
about
monopoly.
As
recently
as
1995,
the
top four railroads
accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-
miles moved by
rails.
Next
year, after
a series of
mergers is
completed, just four
railroads will
control well over 90
percent of all the freight moved by major rail
carriers.
Supporters of the
new supersystems argue that these mergers will
allow for
substantial
cost
reductions
and
better
coordinated
service.
Any
threat
of
monopoly,
they
argue,
is
removed
by
fierce
competition
from
trucks.
But
many
shippers
complain
that
for
heavy
bulk
commodities
traveling
long
distances,
such
as
coal,
chemicals,
and
grain,
trucking
is
too
costly
and
the
railroads
therefore
have
them
by
the
throat.
The vast
consolidation within the rail industry means that
most shippers are
served
by
only
one
rail
company.
Railroads
typically
charge
such
“
captive
”
shippers
20
to
30
percent
more
than
they
do
when
another
railroad
is
competing
for
the
business.
Shippers
who
feel
they
are
being
overcharged
have
the
right
to
appeal
to
the
federal
government's Surface
Transportation Board for rate relief, but the
process is
expensive, time consuming,
and
will work only in truly extreme
cases.
Railroads justify
rate discrimination against captive shippers on
the grounds
that
in
the
long
run
it
reduces
everyone's
cost.
If
railroads
charged
all
customers
the
same
average
rate,
they
argue,
shippers
who
have
the
option
of
switching
to
trucks
or
other
forms
of
transportation
would
do
so,
leaving
remaining
customers
to
shoulder
the
cost of keeping up the line. It's theory to which
many economists subscribe,
but in
practice it often leaves railroads in the position
of determining which
companies
will
flourish
and
which
will
fail.
“
Do
we
really
want
railroads
to
be
the
arbiters of who wins and
who loses in the
marketplace
”
asks Martin
Bercovici, a
Washington lawyer who
frequently represents shipper.
Many
captive
shippers
also
worry
they
will
soon
be
hit
with
a
round
of
huge
rate
increases. The railroad industry as a
whole, despite its brightening fortuning
fortunes,
still
does
not
earn
enough
to
cover
the
cost
of
the
capital
it
must
invest
to
keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads
continue to borrow billions to
acquire
one
another,
with Wall
Street cheering them on.
Consider
the $$
billion
bid
by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire
Conrail this year. Conrail's net railway
operating
income
in
1996
was
just
$$427
million,
less
than
half
of
the
carrying
costs
of
the
transaction.
Who's
going
to
pay
for
the
rest
of
the
bill
Many
captive
shippers
fear
that
they
will,
as
Norfolk
Southern
and
CSX
increase
their
grip
on
the
market.
31.
According
to
those
who
support
mergers,
railway
monopoly
is
unlikely
because
.
[A] cost reduction is
based on competition.
[B]
services call for cross-trade
coordination.
[C] outside
competitors will continue to exist.
[D] shippers will have the railway by
the throat.
32. What is
many captive shippers' attitude towards the
consolidation in the rail
industry
[A]
Indifferent.
[B]
Supportive.
[C]
Indignant.
[D]
Apprehensive.
33. It can be
inferred from paragraph 3 that .
[A] shippers will be charged less
without a rival railroad.
[B] there will soon be only one
railroad company nationwide.
[C] overcharged shippers are unlikely
to appeal for rate relief.
[D] a government board ensures fair
play in railway business.
34. The word
“
arb
iters
”
(line 7,paragraph
4)most probably refers to those .
[A] who work as
coordinators.
[B] who
function as judges.
[C] who
supervise transactions.
[D]
who determine the price.
35.
According to the text, the cost increase in the
rail industry is mainly caused
by
.
[A] the continuing
acquisition.
[B] the growing
traffic.
[C] the cheering
Wall Street.
[D] the
shrinking market.
Text 4
It is said that in England death is
pressing, in Canada inevitable and in
California optional. Small wonder.
Americans
’
life expectancy
has nearly doubled
over
the
past
century.
Failing
hips
can
be
replaced,
clinical
depression
controlled,
cataracts
removed
in
a
30-minute
surgical
procedure.
Such
advances
offer
the
aging
population
a
quality
of
life
that
was
unimaginable
when
I
entered
medicine
50
years
ago. But not even a great health-care
system can cure death
—
and
our failure to
confront that reality
now threatens this greatness of ours.
Death
is
normal;
we
are
genetically
programmed
to
disintegrate
and
perish,
even
under
ideal conditions.
We
all understand
that
at
some
level,
yet as
medical
consumers we treat
death as a problem
to be
solved. Shielded by third-party payers
from the cost of our care, we demand
everything that can possibly be done for us,
even
if
it
’
s
useless.
The
most
obvious
example
is
late-stage
cancer
care.
Phys
icians
—
frustrated
by
their
inability
to
cure
the
disease
and
fearing
loss
of
hope
in
the
patient
—
too often
offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is
scientifically
justified.
In
1950,
the
US
spent
$$
billion
on
health
care.
In
2002,
the
cost
will
be
$$1,540
billion. Anyone can see this trend is
unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try
to
reverse
it.
Some
scholars
conclude
that
a
government
with
finite
resources
should
simply stop paying
for medical care that sustains life beyond a
certain age
—
say
83 or so. Former Colorado governor
Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the
old and infirm “have a duty to die and
get out of the way”, so that younger,
healthier people can realize their
potential.
I would
not go that far. Energetic people now
routinely work through
their
60s
and
beyond,
and
remain
dazzlingly
productive.
At
78,
Viacom
chairman
Sumner
Redstone
jokingly
claims
to
be
53.
Supreme
Court
Justice
Sandra
Day
O
’
Connor
is
in
her
70s,
and former surgeon
general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-
up in his
leaders are living proof
that prevention works and that we can manage the
health
problems that come naturally
with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as
productively as they have.
Yet
there
are
limits
to
what
a
society
can
spend
in
this
pursuit.
As
a
physician,
I
know
the
most
costly
and
dramatic
measures
may
be
ineffective
and
painful.
I
also
know
that
people
in
Japan
and
Sweden,
countries
that
spend
far
less
on
medical
care,
have
achieved
longer,
healthier
lives
than
we
have.
As
a
nation,
we
may
be
overfunding
the
quest
for
unlikely
cures
while
underfunding
research
on
humbler
therapies
that
could improve
people
’
s lives.
36. What is implied in the
first sentence
[A] Americans
are better prepared for death than other
people.
[B] Americans enjoy
a higher life quality than ever before.
[C] Americans are over-confident of
their medical technology.
[D] Americans take a vain pride in
their long life expectancy.
37. The author uses the example of
caner patients to show that .
[A] medical resources are often
wasted
[B] doctors are
helpless against fatal diseases
[C] some treatments are too
aggressive
[D] medical costs
are becoming unaffordable
38. The author
’
s
attitude toward Richard
Lamm
’
s remark is one
of.
[A] strong disapproval
[B] reserved consent
[C]
slight contempt [D] enthusiastic
support
39. In contras to
the US, Japan and Sweden are funding their medical
care.
[A] more flexibly
[B] more extravagantly
[C]
more cautiously [D] more
reasonably
40. The text
intends to express the idea that.
[A]medicine will further prolong
people
’
s lives
[B]life beyond a certain limit is not
worth living
[C] death
should be accepted as a fact of life
[D] excessive demands increase the cost
of health care
Part B
Directions:
Read
the
following
text
carefully
and
then
translate
the
underlined
segments
into
Chinese.
Your
translation
should
be
written
clearly
on
ANSWER
SHEET
2.
(10
points)
Human
beings
in
all
times
and
places
think
about
their
world
and
wonder
at
their
place
in
it.
Humans
are
thoughtful
and
creative,
possessed
of
insatiable
cur
iosity.
（
41
）
Furthermore,
humans
have
the
ability
to
modify
the
environment
in
which
they
live,
thus
subjecting
all
other
life
forms
to
their
own
peculiar
ideas
and
fancies.
Therefore, it is
important to study humans in all their richness
and diversity in
a calm and systematic
manner, with the hope that the
knowledge resulting from such
studies
can
lead
humans
to
a
more
harmonious
way
of
living
with
themselves
and
with
all other life forms on
this planet Earth.
“Anthropology” derives from
th
e Greek words
anthropos
“human” and
logos
“the study of.” By its very name,
anthropology encompasses the study of all
humankind.
Anthropology
is
one
of
the
social
sciences.
（
42
）
Social
science
is
that
branch
of
intellectual
enquiry
which
seeks
to
study
humans
and
their
endeavors
in
the
same
reasoned,
orderly,
systematic,
and
dispassioned
manner
that
natural
scientists
use
for the study of natural phenomena.
Social science disciplines
include geography, economics, political, science,
psychology,
and
sociology.
Each
of
these
social
sciences
has
a
subfield
or
specialization which lies particularly
close to anthropology.
All
the social sciences focus upon the study of
humanity. Anthropology is a
field-study
oriented
discipline
which
makes
extensive
use
of
the
comparative
method
in
analysi
s.
（
43
）
The
emphasis
on
data
gathered
first-hand,
combined
with
a
cross-
cultural perspective brought to the analysis of
cultures past and present,
makes this
study a unique and distinctly important social
science.
Anthropological
analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture.
Sir Edward
Tylor’s formulation of the
concept of culture was one of the great
intellectual
achievements
of
19th
century
scie
nce.
（
44
）Tylor
defined
culture
as
“…that
complex
whole which includes belief, art,
morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities
and habits acquired by man as a member
of society.”
This insight, so profound
in
its
simplicity,
opened
up
an
entirely
new
way
of
perceiving
and
understanding
human
life. Implicit within Tylor’s
definition
is the concept that culture
is learned.
shared, and patterned
behavior.
（
45
）Thus, the
anthropological concept of “culture,” like the
concept of
“set”
in
mathematics,
is
an
abstract
concept
which
makes
possible
immense
amounts
of concrete research and understanding.
Section III
Writing
46.
Directions:
Study the
following set of drawings carefully and write an
essay entitled in
which you should
1
）
describe the
set of drawings, interpret its meaning,
and
2
）
point out its
implications in our life.
You should write about 200 words neatly
on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
第一部分英语知识运用试题解析
一、文章总体分析
文章主要论述了教
师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变
化，并采取方法帮助他
们适应这些变化，健康成长。
第一段第一、二句是主题句，点
明文章主题。从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，
如：自我意识很强，
需要从成功中获得自信等。接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者
的活动
，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。
第二段特别强
调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，
以适应青少年注意力持续时间
短的特点。此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。
二、试题具体解析
1. [A]
（
give
）
thought (to)
想过，思考
[B]
（
give sb. an/s
ome
）
idea
（
< br>of
）使了解……的情况
[C]
（
have a
good/bad
）
opinion (of)
对……印象很好
[D]
（
give
）
advice
（
to
）提建议
[
答案
]
A
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
平行句子结构
+
固定搭配
。
首先，
从文章结构上看，
第一段的第一、
二句是平行的并列句：
Teachers
need
to
be
aware
of
（教师应该注意）
和
And
they
also
need
to
give
serious 1 to
（同时他们须认真……）
。
注意第二句中的两个
they
分别指代了第一句中的
teachers
和
young
adults
，第二句中的
give serious 1
to
与第一句中的
be aware
of
（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。
其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与
give...to
构成短语。
idea
这个词词义很
丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通
常与介词
of
而不是
to
连用；
opinion
意为“意见；看法”
，一般不与
give
搭配；
advice
（建议）虽然可与
give
< br>及
to
搭配，但介词
to
后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”
，应<
/p>
该用“
give
advice
on
sth.
”
。只有
give
thought
to
是一个固定搭配，其中的
thought
不
能替换为别的词汇，它放入句中表示“同时他们也应当对这些年轻人如何最
好地
2
这
些变化加以思考
”
。
例句补充：
I gave much thought to
what he said yesterday.
（我对他昨天说的那番
话做了许多思考）
；
T
he
book gives you a good idea of life in ancient
Greece. (
这本
书能让你对古希腊的生活有一些了解<
/p>
)
；
Everyone has a
poor opinion of a coward.
（每
个
人对懦夫的印象都不好）
；
Now I want to
give you some advice. (
现在我想给你提些建
议
)
。
2. [A]
strengthen
加强，巩固
[B]
accommodate
适应，调节
[C]
stimulate
刺激，激励
[D]
enhance
提高，增强
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
<
/p>
本题考核的知识点是：
动宾搭配
。
本题要求考生判断哪个动词可以与
such
changes
构成动宾搭配。
such changes
在这里
指的是第一句提到的
the
emotional,
intellectual,
and
physical
chan
ges
。从结构上看，
空格所在部分是由
how
连接一个句子做
give thought to
的介词宾语。句子中
they
指代的
是
young
adults
（年轻人）
。从语意上看，考生关键要判断“年轻人”对他们“情感、心智
和生理上的变化”
做什么动作，
四个选项中
accommodate
表达的含义最恰当，
< br>即
“适应变化”
。
整个句子的含
义是
“教师也需要认真考虑年轻人如何最好地适应这些
（情感、
心智和生理上
的）变化”
。常与
change
搭配的动词请参见
2004
年第
13
题。
<
/p>
知识点补充：
accommodate
表
示“适应”时，还常用
accommodate oneself to sth.
结
构，
例句
：
He has to accommodate himself to changed
situation.
（他不得不适应变化
了的形势）
。
3. [A]
care
关心，照顾
[B]
nutrition
营养
[C]
exercise
练习，锻炼
[D]
leisure
空闲，安逸
[
答案
]
C
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语意
+
名词词义辨析
。
文中相关部分是“成长的身体需要运动和
__3__
，但不
仅仅是在强调竞赛的方面需要这
些”
。因此考生需要判断空格处
应填入什么名词，与
movement
并列做
< br>need
的宾语。首先，
考生判断四个选项中哪一个是身
体成长时所需要的
（除运动以外的）
另一样东西。
从某种意
义上说，选项中所提到的四种东西都是需要的，但是下文对这里所需
要的东西进行了限定，
即，和
movement
同样都可以通过竞赛的方式来实现。这样只有
exercise
合适，它与
competition
属于同一语义范畴，并可以用于竞赛。
4. [A] If
（表条件）
[B] Although
（表转折）
[C] Whereas
然而，反之，但是，
< br>（表转折）
[D] Because
（表因果）
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
逻辑关系
。
空格所在长句中包含了两个由逗号隔开的分句：
__4__
they are adjusting
to
…，
teenagers are especially
self-conscious
。两个分句有共同的主语，前一句中的
< br>they
就指代下一句中的
teenagers
。
考生需要判断这两个分句之间是什么逻辑关系。
从语意上看，
前一分句意为“青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑
战”
，下一分句意
为“他们的自我意识很强”
< br>，显然这之间不是条件或转折关系，而是一个因果关系，即“由
于适应变化，所以
自我意识强烈”
。因此
because
最为恰当。
知识点补充：
a
host of
表示“一大群，好些”
，常接可数名词，
例句
：
I have a host
of things to do today. (
我今天
有一大堆事情要做
)
。
5. [A]
assistance
帮助，协助
[B]
guidance
引导，指导
[C]
confidence
信心
[D] tolerance
容忍
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
上下文语义
+
名词
词义辨析
。
文中相关部分是：
（
teenagers
）
need the 5 that comes from
achieving success
（青少年需要由获得成功而得到的……）
，
其中
that
引导的
定语从句修饰空格处的名词。
因
此考生只需要判断四个选项中哪
一样东西可以从成功中得到。
一般来讲，
获得成功后，
我们
常常得到的是
confidence
（信心）
。
6.
[A] claimed
（根据权利）要求，索取，主张
[B] admired
羡慕，赞美
[C] ignored
忽视
[D] surpassed
超越
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
< br>本题考核的知识点是：
常识
+
动
词词义辨析
。
本题的考点与上题有重
合的地方。
文中相关部分是：
（
tee
nagers
）
need
the
confidence
that comes from
achieving success and knowing that their
accomplishments are 6
by others
（青少年需要自信，自信来自成功，也来自知道他们的成绩受到别人的……）
。
首先，考生要注意分析其中定语从句的结构：句中主语是
that
指代的先行词
confidence
< br>，
谓语是
comes
from
，宾语是两个动名词结构
achieving
success
和
knowing that
< br>…。因此
考生关键要判断青少年的自信来自于知道他们的成绩
（
accomplishments
）
受到别人的什么。
根据常识，
只有当自己的成绩受到别人羡
慕时，
人们才会产生信心。
显然只有
a
dmired
符合
文意。
知识点补充：
accomplishment
的构
词法是：
accomplish
（完成）
+-ment
（名词后缀表
行为）
，
类似的词还有
achievement
，
development
，
establishment
，
fulfillment
等。
7. [A]
improper
不恰当的
[B] risky
危险的
[C]
fair
公平的，美丽的
[D]
wise
明智的
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
<
/p>
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语义
+
形容词词义辨析
。
空格所在句子的句型结构是
so
much competition that
…，句意为“青少年典型的生
活中已经充满了这么多的竞争，
以至于策划胜者多败者少的活动将是
__7__
的”
。
考
生需要判
断在充满竞争的青少年生活中，
设计一些不那么具有竞
争性的活动是怎样的。
由于上文一再
强调，
青少年需要成功和信心，
因此这里应该填入一个表示肯定态度的词，
来肯定这种胜者
多败者少的活动，这样就可以首先排除
improper
和
risky
。在剩
下的
fair
和
wise
中，后
者更符合句意，
因为这里的问题不是公平与
否，
而是是否明智。
让更多青少年在活动中通过
取胜来获得信心是明智的做法，是适合他们成长需要的。
8. [A] in
effect
实际上
[B] as a
result
结果，
（表因果关系）
[C] for
example
例如，
（表例证关系）
[D] in a sense
在某种意义上
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
逻辑关系
。
空格前文是
to plan
activities in which there are more winners than lo
sers
（策
划一些胜者多败者少的活动）
，后文是
publishing
newsletters
with
many
student
written
book reviews
< br>（出版刊有许多学生撰写书评的通讯）
。本题要求考生判断两部分之间是什么
逻辑关系。
从语意上看，
前文是泛指一些活
动
（
activities
）
，
后文是具体的活动
（
publishing
newsletters
）
，因此两者之间是综述和例证的逻辑关系，
“发表学生写的书评”是“胜者
多
败者少的活动”的例子。能够表达例证逻辑关系的只有
for
example
。
9. [A]
displaying
展示
[B]
describing
描写
[C]
creating
创造
[D]
exchanging
交换
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
<
/p>
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语义
+
动宾搭配
。
从句子结构上看，
__9___student
artwork
和前面的
publishing newsle
tters
以及后
面的
sponsor
ing book discussion clubs
在结构上并列，都是教师策划的
胜者多败者少活
动的例子。因此考生需要判断选项中哪个动名词中的核心动词能与
student
artwork
（学生
的艺术品）构成动宾搭配，并体现出胜者多败者少的特点。四个选项中，只有“展示
（
displaying
）
”符合句意。
10. [A]
durable
耐用的，持久的
[B]
excessive
过多的，额外的
[C]
surplus
多余的，过剩的
[D]
multiple
众多的，多样的
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
句内语义
+
形容词词义辨析
。
文中的相关部分是
A variety of small
clubs can provide 10__ opportunities
，
它要求考生判断各种各样的小型俱乐部可以提供什么样的机会。解题的关键词是前面的<
/p>
variety
（多样，多样性）
，多种
多样的俱乐部应该提供多种多样的（
multiple
）机会，
而不
是持久的（
durable
）
，过多的（
excessive
）或多余的
（
surplus
）机会。
词汇补充：四个选项中，
durable
原义是
“能够抵抗磨损，撕扯或腐蚀的”
，引伸义是
“持久的”
，如：
a durable friendship
< br>（持久的友谊）
；
excessive
< br>指“过多的，过量的”
，
多为贬义，如：
excessive drinking
（酗酒）
；<
/p>
surplus
指“比需要的或必需的更多”
，如：
surplus population
（过剩人口
）
；
multiple
指“复合的，
由多个部分组成的，多样的”
，
如：
a
man of multiple interests (
兴趣广泛的人
)
。
11. [A]
group
团体，组，群，批
[B]
individual
个人（的）
[C]
personnel
人员，职员
[D]
corporation
公司
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语义
+
名词词义辨析
。
文中的相关部分是
clubs
can
provide
opportunities
for
leadership,
as
well
as
for
practice in successful 11
_dynamics
，注意其中的连词
as well
as
（而且）表明
for
practice
和
for lead
ership
并列修饰
opportunities
，即“俱乐部不仅提供（学生）培养
领导才能的机会，
也提供成功地参与…的练习机会。
”
dynamics
意为
“动力学”
，
“动态关系”
，
这里表达一种动态的人际互动关系。
考生需要判断学生在俱乐部里可以进行哪方面的动态关
系的练习。注意上下
文中的
club
和
leadershi
p
显示了这是一种团队活动，选项中的
individual
概念与之相矛盾，
personnel
和
corporation
不适合文章
谈论的对象。
对于学校
学生来说，在“团体动态关系即集体活动
”方面提供练习的说法比较合理，因此，
group
为
正确答案。
12. [A]
consent
同意，赞成，允诺
[B]
insurance
保险
[C]
admission
允许进入，承认，坦白
[D]
security
安全
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语义
+
名词词义辨析
。
文中相关部分说，
“交朋友
对青少年极端重要，
许多腼腆的学生都需要某种团体所提供
的<
/p>
_12 _
”
。考生要判断“团体”能
够为腼腆的学生提供什么。最恰当的选项是
security
，
因为腼腆的学生需要交朋友，需要加入某种团体以获得安全感。最具干扰的选项是
admission
，它可以表示“获得加入某个团体或机构的权利”
，但它必须与
to
或
< br>into
搭配，
例句
：Chin
a’s admission to the United
Nations（允许中国加入联合国）
。
13. [A]
particularly
特别地，异常地，显著地
[B] barely
仅仅，几乎不，勉强
[C]
definitely
肯定无疑地，明确地
[D] rarely
很少地，难得
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
上下文语义
+
副词用法辨析
。
文章相关部分是
shy students need the
security with a supportive adult 13
visible in the background
，空格
处将填入一个副词修饰
visible
，其含义是“腼腆的学<
/p>
生需要一定的安全感，这种安全感来自一位成人在背后……能看见的地方提供支持”
。根据
文意可推知，
青少年需要成人的支持，
但不需要成人过多的参与，
因为他们需要独立地去完
成事情。选项中
particularly
和
definitely
是程度副词，
在
visible
前可表强调，
但“特
别看得见”和“肯定看得见”不合文意；
rarely
为频率副词，加进去表示“有时看得见，
有时看不见”
，因此也不合适。成人既在场，又不显眼，
barely visible
（几乎看不见）最
符合文意。
知识点补充：
barely
表示否定概念，如：
I could barely see the road in the fog.
(
我在雾中几乎不能看清路
)
< br>。该词含义与
hardly
和
s
carcely
相近。
14.
[A] similar
相似的
[B] long
长的
[C] different
不同的
[D] short
短的
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
常识的运用
。
空格后的
attention span
指“注意力的持续时间”
。本题要求考生判断青少年的注意
力
持续时间是长还是短。
按常理青少年一般比较好动，
往往不能持
续地关注某一件事。
据说，
小学生注意力的持续时间大约为半小
时，
超过半小时后，
他们就不能够集中精力。
< br>随着年龄
的增长，人的注意力持续时间会增长，成人一般能够持续工作
3
～
4
小时。在此题中，
应该
选择
short
，即“青少年的注
意力持续时间较短”
。此外，下文提到“应当组织各种各样的
活
动，
以便让参加者保持活跃”
，
从而可
知这也是为了适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。
15.[A] if only
只要，要是……就好，但愿，<
/p>
（表条件）
[B] now
that
既然……，
（表条件）
[C] so
that
以便，以致，
（表目的）
[D] even
if
即使……，
（表让步）
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
< br>本题考核的知识点是：
逻辑关系
。
空格前文是
A variety of
activities should be organized
（组织各种各样的活
动）
，
后文是
participant
s can remain active
（让参加者保持活跃）
。本题要求考生判断这两部
分之间是什么逻辑关系。
从逻辑上
讲，
让活动多样化应该是为了让参与者保持兴趣，
两者之
间是手段与目的的关系，这里需要一个表目的的连词，因此只有
so
that
符合文意。
知识点补充：
if
only
常用于虚拟语气，如：
If only Mother
were here.
（要是妈妈
在这就好了）
；
now
that
表条件，
常置于句首，
如：
Now
that
everyone
is
here
，
let
’
s
start
the
meeting.
（既然所有人都到了，我们开会吧）
；
even
if
表让步，如：
Even
if
he
came
，
the result
would be the same.
（即使他来了，结果还是会一样）
。
16. [A] everything
（
else
）其他每件事物
< br>[B] anything (else)
（任何）其他的事物
[C] nothing (else)
无其他事物
[D] something
(else)
其他的事物
[
答案
] D
[
解析
]
<
/p>
本题考核的知识点是：
不定代词用法辨析
。
本题要求考生判断哪个选项可与
e
lse
搭配并适合句意。在不同情况下，四个选项都可
与
else
搭配。
但是，
根据语法的要求，
anything
用于疑问句和否定句中，
所以在此不适合。
空格所在句子的含义是
“应当组织各种各样的活动，
以便让参加者保持活跃，
然后转
而参与
其他……活动，
而不会感到内疚”
，
显然，
everything
和
nothing
与
else
搭配后表达的
“其
他所有活动”和“没有其他任何
活动”不符合文意，只有
something
else
表示的“
（继续参
与）其他某种活动”符合句
子语法和前后语意关系的搭配，为正确选项。
知识点补充：<
/p>
else
可与
something
这类代词连用。如：
Let
’
s try something else.
（我们尝试一下其它的事吧）<
/p>
；
I
don
’
t think there is
anything else we need discuss
tonight.
(
我不认为今天晚上还有其他什么事情要讨论
< br>)
；
He
had
nothing
else
to
do
except
to
return
to
his
room.
（除了回房间，他没有其他事情可做
/
别无选择）
；
Everythin
g
else
depends upon that.
（其他的每件事都取决于此）
。
17. [A](let) off
放出，饶恕，准许……暂停工作
[B](let)
down
使……失望
[C](let)
out
放掉，泄露，放大，出租
[D](let) alone
不管
,
不打扰
[
答案
] B
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
短语动词用法辨析
。
文中相关部分说，
“
（教师）应该
组织各种各样的活动，以便让参加者保持活跃，然后转
而参与别的活动，既不会感到内疚
，也不会让其他参加者
_ 17 _
”
。显然这里需要一个和
feeling guilty
并列的贬
义词组。即考生需判断“不断参加其他活动”除了可能让参与者
自己内疚外，还会让其他
人怎么样。选项中的副词都可以与
let
搭配，但只有
let
others
down
（让其他人失望）符合这个要求。
知识点补充：
这个题目反映出对短语动词的辨析是英语知
识运用的一个重要考点。
短语
动词指的是由动词加介词、
副词或其他词构成的固定词组。
最常见的几类短语动词包括：
动
+
介，动
+
副，动
+
名
+
介，动
+
副
+
介。其中有部分动词形成的短语动词特别丰富，考生需要专
门对他们进行
总结和区分，这些动词包括：
bring
，
call
，
cast
，
catch
，
come
，
cut
，
get
，
give
，
go
< br>，
keep
，
leave
，
let
，
look
，
make
，
put
，
set
，
take
，
turn
，
throw
等等。
18. [A] On the
contrary
相反
[B] On
the average
按平均数计算
[C] On the
whole
总的看来
[D] On the
other hand
另一方面
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本题考核的知识点是：
逻辑关系
+
短语用法辨析
。
空格前后是两个完整的句子，
因此填入的短语应反映出它们之间的逻辑关系。
前面部分
是“这并不是说成人没有责任”
，后
面部分是“他们还可以帮助学生获得一种责任感”
，
两者
的意思是完全对立的，即后一部分与前一部分相反。选项中只有
On
the contrary
能够准
确表达这种含义。注意
On
the
other
hand
强调的是事物存在两面性，并存两种可能性。如：
He is clever, but on the other hand, he makes many mistakes.
（他很聪明，但从另一
方面来说
，他也犯了不少错）
。
例句补充：“
Have
you
nearly
done
”
“
On
the
contrary,
I
have
only
just
begun.<
/p>
”
（—你差不多做完了吧—恰恰相反，我刚刚开始）
；
Women make on the average only
two-thirds
of
what
men
earn.
（平均算来，
女性的收入仅是男性收入的三分之二）
< br>；
You
have
made
a few mistakes but on the whole you have done well
.
（你犯了几个错误，但总体
来说，你做的很好）
。
19.[A] making (for)
走向，有利于，倾向于，导致
[B] standing (for)
代表，代替，象征，支持
[C]
planning (for)
计划，打算，策划
[D] taking (for)
当作，误认为
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
短语动词辨析
。
文中相关部分是
they
can
help
students
acquire
a
sense
of
commitment
by
19 for
roles
（成人能够帮助学生获得一种责
任感，通过（为他们）……一些角色）
，其中介词
by
表明
_19__for
roles
是
help students acquire
a sense of commitment
的方式和手段。
commitment
意为“承担的责任和义务，承诺”
。由于
四个选项都可以与
for
搭配构成短语动
词，考生关键需要判断哪个短语动词可与
roles
搭配，并
符合文意。
planning for
填入空
< br>格后表示“策划创造一些（合适的）角色”
，可以看作是“帮助学生获得责任感”
的手段，
而且它还与前面提到的
plan
activities
，
a variety of
activities should be
organized
相呼应。
知识点
补充：与介词
for
构成短语动词的还包括：
< br>account
for
（解释）
，
allow
for
（考
虑到）
，
answer
for
（对……负责）
，
apply
for
（申请）
，
arrange
for
（安排）
，
ask
for
（问
候）
，
crave
for<
/p>
（渴望）
，
fall
< br>for
（深信，倾心于）
，
go
in
for
（爱好）
，
hope
for
（希望）
，
hanker
for
（渴望）
，
hunt
fo
r
（寻找）
，
have
a
taste
for
（喜好）
，
long
fo
r
（渴望）
，
pray
for
（祈求）
，
spea
k
for
（为……辩护）
，
search
for
（要求，寻找）
，
thirst
for
（渴望）
，
want
for
（缺少）
，
wish
for
（希望）
，
yearn
for
（思慕）
。
20. [A]
capability
能力，性能，容量，接受力
[B] responsibility
责任
[C]
proficiency
熟练，精通
[D] efficiency
效率，功效
[
答案
] A
[
解析
]
本
题考核的知识点是：
名词词义辨析
。
空格所在句子是
help
students
acquire
a
sense
of
commitment
by
planning
for
roles
that are within their_
20__ and their attention spans
，其中
that
引导的定语从句修
饰先行词
roles
，
表示
“通过涉及
一些在学生……范围之内和其注意力持续时间之内的角色，
帮助学生获得一种责任感”<
/p>
。因此考生需要判断这些角色在青少年的什么范围之内。四个选
项
中首先排除
proficiency
和
efficiency
，它们不能和
within
搭配，且句意不符。选项
responsibility
有很大干扰性，因为它是“
commitment
”的近义
词，但考生需仔细考虑一
下，此处“
responsibili
ty
”修饰的是“
roles
”
，
“角色”是需要付诸实践的行动，和
“
responsibility
”
不能搭配
，
不可以说
“在责任范围内的角色”
。
只有
capabilities
符合<
/p>
句意的要求，填入空格后意为“一些学生能力范围和在其注意力持续时间之内的角色”
，既
表示学生有能力完成，也承接上文，说明学生的注意力还可以集
中。
知识点补充：
-ency/-e
nce
和
-ility/-ity
是常
见的形容词变为名词的后缀，
都表示
“性
质、状态、情况”
，如：
proficiency=prof
icient
精通
+cy
，
efficiency=efficient
有效率
的
+cy
，
innocence=i
nnocent
天真的
+ce
，
urgency=urgent
紧急的
+cy
，
emergency=emergent
紧急的
+cy
；
capabili
ty=capable
能干的
+ility
，
responsibility=responsible
有责任的
+ility
，
juven
ility=juvenile
青
少
年
的
+ity
，
servility=servile
奴
性
的
+ity
，
fragility
=fragile
易碎的
+ity
。<
/p>
三、全文翻译
教师应当意识到青少年
在成长时期所经历的情感、
心智和生理上的变化。
同时他们还应
当对这些年轻人如何适应这些变化加以思考。青少年成长中
,<
/p>
身体需要运动和锻炼，但这并
不是仅仅通过竞争的方式来进行。<
/p>
因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况、
心智和情感方面的诸
多挑战，
所以他们的自我意识很强。
他们需要有
成功后的自信，
并且需要自己的成就受到别
人的钦佩。
然而，
典型的青少年生活中已经充满了竞争，
因
此策划一些胜者多败者少的活动
是十分明智的。
例如，出版有许
多学生撰写书评的通讯，
展示学生的艺术作品，组织读书研
讨俱
乐部等。
各种小型俱乐部可提供多种多样的机会来培养青少年的领导才能，
也能提供青
少年成功参与集体活动的练习。
交友对青
少年极为重要，
许多腼腆的学生需要某种团体所提
供的安全感。
在这个团体里，成人提供的支持处于几乎看不见的隐蔽地位。
在这些活动中，
需要记住的是青少年的注意力持续时间非常短，
所以应当组织各种各样
的活动，以便让参加者保持活跃，然后转
而参与别的活动，而不会感到内疚，也不会让其他
参与者失望。
这并不是说成人没有责任。
相反，
成人可以通过策划一些学生能
力范围和在其
注意力持续时间之内的角色来培养他们的责任感。
第二部分阅读理解试题解析
A
部分
第一篇
一、文章结构总体分析
这是一篇说明
性的文章，
介绍了互联网技术给间谍工作带来的变化。
该文章独
特之处在
于整篇文章主要引用斯特雷福公司为典型例子，
说明互
联网对间谍工作带来的影响。
文章通
俗易懂，论证特点是夹叙夹
议。
第一段：以著名间谍比尔
?
多诺汶为引子，段尾提出文章的主题：
互联网正在改变谍报
工作。
第二、
三段：
进一步说明互联网促使了一种新的情报行业的诞生，
运用这种互
联网技术
可以获取更多的情报。
接着文章以斯特雷福公司为典型
事例，
说明很多公司在这一趋势中获
益。在写作手法上，以时间
顺序为主线，利用例证法说明段落主题。
第四、
五段：文章依然以斯特雷福公司为典型事例，通过引用该公司董事长的话，
介
绍
了该公司的一些经营管理理念，总结了该公司的许多成功的经验。
二、试题具体分析
21.
The
emergence
of
the
Net
has .
21.
互联网出现后
。
[A]
received
support
from
fans
like
[A]
得到了多诺汶这样的网迷的支持
Donovan
[B] remolded the intelligence services
[B]
改变了情报收集工作
[C]
restored many common pastimes
[C]
恢复了许多平常的消遣活动
[D] revived spying as a
profession
[D]
使谍
报复兴成为一个职业
[
答案
]
B
[
解析
]
<
/p>
本题考核的知识点是：
事实细节题
。
关于
A
选项，<
/p>
文章第一句指出，
若
Wild
Bill
Donovan
还在世的话
，
他会爱上互联网的，
即一定会利用它来进行情报工作。句子使
用的是虚拟语气（
would have loved
）
，这说明多
诺汶在世时并没有互联网。
而且我
们从文章的后面的几句话也能证实这一论断，
因此，
多诺
汶是互联网的爱好者的说法是错误的。
关于
B
选项，
文章第一段结尾指出：
“
These
days
the
Net,
which
has
already
re-made
pastimes
as
buying
books and
sending
mail, is
reshaping
Donovan
’
s vocation as well.<
/p>
”
。其中的“
Donovan
’
s vocation
”指的就是
“
intelligence
services<
/p>
”
（情报工作）
。此外，解答本题的另一
个关键是对“
reshape
”一
词的
理解，它的含义是“
recast
，
r
emold
”即“改造，给·
·
·以新
形式”
，因此
B
选项为正
确答案。
选择
D
选项的考生在于对
“
reshape
”
和
“
revive
”
的词义差别区分不清。
这里的
“
revive
”
是主要
意义是“
to come or bring back into use or e
xistence
”
(<
使
>
恢复，
<
使
>
复兴，
<
使
>
复归使用
)
，暗含的意
思是某事物已经不存在或已经丧失作用。在第一段中并没有谈到
间谍行业曾经消失的信息
。
在第二段中，
我们知道互联网的出现推动了情报行业的发展，
也
没有找到任何有关情报行业曾经中断的信息。而选项
C
所对应的原文是“
re-made
pastimes
as buying books and
sending mail
”
，意思是：互联网改变了人们的日
常生活方式，如买
书，发邮件等。考生要注意区别“
resto
re
”和“
re-
make
”的含义。原文中的“
re-
make
”
的含义是“
re-crea
te
”
（改变，重新创造）
。即重新创
造一种消遣方式：人们现在足不出户，
通过网络就可以实现购书或发电子邮件。这当然不
是恢复平常的消遣活动。
知识点补充：
re-
是个常见的前缀，表示“再，重新”
，该题中涉及到的
词汇都和这个前
缀有关。
restore
的含义主要有：①
bring
back
into
existence
or
use
；
reestablish
（使
恢复存在或使用；重新建立）
；②
bring back to an original condition
（使回到原来的状
态）
；③
put (someone) back in a former position
（使复职，把（某人）放回原来地位）
。
22. Donovan
’
s
story is mentioned in
22.
文中提到多诺汶的故事是为了
。
the text to
.
[A]
introduce
the
topic
of
online
spying
[A]
为网上谍报这个话题提供开头
[B]
show how he fought for the US
[B]
展示多诺汶是如何为美国效力的
[C] give an episode of the information
[C]
提供信息战的一个片断
war
[D]
honor
his
unique
services
to
the
CIA
[D]
表彰他为中情局所做出的杰出贡献
[
答案
< br>] A
[
解析
]
<
/p>
本题考核的知识点是：
作者意图题
。
题干要求考生识别作者的写作意图。
回答
本题时，
考生需要从整段或全文的角度去考虑。
作者在写文章时
举出某一个具体的例子来表达他所要表达的观点。
在解答文章的主旨题时要
注意充分利用文章中提到的细节，
读懂了这些细节，
弄清了文章的篇章结构有助于把握文章
的主旨，反过来，了解文章的大致主题和观点也可
以帮助我们吃透细节。
本文只在第一段提到比尔·
多诺汶，
其余部分讨论的都是情报工作在互联网时代的巨大
变化，
以及它面临的机会和挑战。
文章列举司特雷福公
司的例子去说明互联网为谍报工作提
供了巨大的可能性，
因此文
章的中心议题是情报工作和互联网的关系。
多诺汶作为一个大间
谍只是为文章展开讨论前提供了一个引子，因此
A
选项为正确答
案。其他
B
、
C
、
D
选项虽然
可能都与多诺汶的生平
事迹有关，但是与文章主题无关，因此都不正确。
23.
The
phrase
“
making
the
biggest
23.
段落中的
“
making
the
biggest
splas
h
”
splash
”
(line
1,
paragraph3)
most
（第三段第一行）最可能的意思是
。
probably means
.
[A] causing
the biggest trouble
[A]
引起最大的麻烦
[B]
exerting the greatest effort
[B]
做出最大的努力
[C] achieving the greatest
success
[C]
取得最大的成功
[D]
enjoying the widest popularity
[D]
受到最广泛的欢迎
[
答案
] C
[
解析
]
<
/p>
本题考核的知识点是：
词义题
。
题干要求考生根据上下文猜测短语。
文章第二
段谈到，
在互联网时代对
“公开来源情报”
的收集具有越来越重要的影响，
中央情报局也对它十分重视。
然后第三段又列举了
“司特雷
福公司”这个典型的例子，说它
是在这个领域的佼佼者。
making the biggest
splash
的含
义是“
to
create a forceful, favorable, and noticeable effec
t
”
，即创造一种强有力
的、良好的和
引人注意的效果，也就是取得了最大的成功，而不是“引起最大的麻烦”
。
此外，
如果司特雷福公司
“做出最大努力”
而未取得成功，
它也不会成为一个典型例子，
因此
B
选项也是错误的。
D
选项在文中根本没有提及。
24. It can be learned from paragraph 4
24.
从
文
章
第
四
段<
/p>
推
论
出
其
中
的
暗
示
that .
是
。
[A]
straitford
’
s
prediction
about
[A]
斯特雷福公司关于乌克兰的预测已经
Ukraine has
proved true
被证实
[B]
straitford
guarantees
the
[B]
斯特雷福公司保证它提供的信息的真
truthfulness
of its information
实性
[C]
straitford
’
s business is
[C]
斯特雷福公司公司的业务特
征是不可
characterized by unpredictability
预测性
[D]
straitford
is
able
to
provide
fairly
[D]
斯特雷福公司能够提供相当可靠的信
reliable
information
息
[
答案
]
D
[
解析
]
<
/p>
本题考核的知识点是：
推理引申题
。
第四段的主要内容是：
Friedman
将互联网作为一个双向的工具，既用来收集信息，又
用来发布信
息。
然后以
Ukraine
的例子说明
网络互动的实际作用。
该段的最后两句指出：
公
开来源的谍报活动有它的风险，
因为情报的真伪难辨。
司特雷福公司就是靠辨别情报的真伪
吃饭的。这就暗示司特雷福公司能够提供相当可靠的
情报，因此，
D
选项为正确选项。
<
/p>
B
选项的说法太绝对，
因为司特雷福公司
既然担有风险，
它就不能够保证信息
100%
< br>可靠。
从常理上来说，这也是不可能的。
A
选项的说法没有根据，因为司特雷福公司只是对乌克兰
的局势作出了预测，<
/p>
但没有提到预测已经被证实是真的。
文章只提到一旦信息被公布，
会收
到一些人的反馈。
C
选项的说法在文中也找不到根据，因为文中只提到司特雷福公司提供的
信息具
有不可预测的特点，并不是说它的业务也有不可预测的特征。
知识点补充：
reliable
（可靠的、可信赖的）的近义词
有：
dependable
，
resp
onsible
，
trustwor
thy
，
trusty
。这些词的中心
含义都是“
worthy of reliance or trust
”
（值得依
赖和信任）
。
25.
Straitford
is
most
proud
of
25.
司特雷福公司最引以自豪的是
。
its
.
[A] official
status
[A]
官方地位
[B]
nonconformist image
[B]
不随大流的形象
[C]
efficient staff
[C]
它的有效率的员工
[D]
military background
[D]
它的军方背景
[
答案
]
B
[
解析
]
<
/p>
本题考核的知识点是：
事实细节题
。
文章最后一句直接指出，司特雷福公司对其“
independent
voice
（独立的声音）
”感到
自豪。
与其他公司不同，
司特雷福公司避免外界的左右。
公司不同于政府，
它具有
“
outsider
（局外人）
”的地位，不对官方的腔调随声附和，可以独立地宣称自己的主张，因此它给人
的印象是“不随大流的形象”
，这也就是它引以为豪的地方。虽然公司某
些员工来自军事情
报机构，但是公司本身并不附属于军方，因此
D
选项不正确；
C
选项在文中也找不到
依据。
知识点补充：
nonconf
ormist
中前缀
non-
表示“非
，不”
，
conformist
原来的
含义是指“宗
教上遵奉国教”
，引伸义是“墨守陈规者”
，
noncomformist
的含义包括“
非国教徒，不墨守
成规的（人）
”
。<
/p>
三、试题命制分析
考点设计点评：
命题专家设置的
5
道试题考查的范围覆盖了全文，既考查了考生理解具体信息的能力
，
也考查了考生推测词义、
推理引申的能力。
< br>文章写作方法上的突出特点是使用了例证法，
因
此试题多
以例子出题，包括比尔
?
多诺汶的例子（已考）
、来源公开策略公司、斯特雷福公
司的例子。
（参见补
充考点中第
1
和第
2
< br>题）
。从语言角度讲，该篇文章通俗易懂，难度不是
很大
，
语言较新，虽然存在个别生词，但考生都可以通过上下文猜测出词义
< br>（参见原考题第
3
题和补充考点第
3
题）
。此外，从命题的角度来看，还可以命制文章主旨题和
作者观点态
度题，如：第二段第一句话就可以作为词义句意考点。
补充考点：
（
1
）
The
author mentioned CIA
’
s
contest to show that .
[A]
CIA
was
eager
to
know
who
was
able
to
get
as
much
information
about
Burundi
as
possible
[B]
Open-Source
Solutions
is
a
very
successful
company
in
information
collection
[C]
electronic spying isn
’
t
something new
[D] Open-
Source Solutions
’
success is
an old story
（
2
）
Straiford is cited .
[A] as a success in the mastery of the
electronic world
[B] as a
successful spying agency
[C]
to show how the Net influences the spying
vocation
[D] to show the
importance of being independent of government
（
3
）
The phrase
“
earns its
keep
”
(last line, paragraph
4) most probably
means
.
[A] keeps its leading
position [B] makes profits
[C] takes risks
[D] sticks to the task
（
4
）
The best title for the passage might be
.
[A] Spying: an Information
War
[B] Internet Changes the
World
[C] The Success of
Intelligence-Analysis Agencies
[D] Spying in the New Age
参考答案：
（
1
）
C
（
2
）
A
（
3
）
B
（
4
）
D
四、文章长难句分析与佳句赏析
长难句分析
:
①
The
American
spymaster
who
built
the
Office
of
Strategic
Services
in
the
World
War
Ⅱ
and
later laid the roots for the CIA was
fascinated with information.
这个句子的特点是定语从句中含有两个并列的分句。该句子的主干是：
The
American
spymaster...was
fascinated
with
information
，主语后是
who
引导的定语从句，对其修
饰限制。定语从句中由
and
连接的两个分句是：
built
the
Office
…和
laid
the
roots
…。
搭配
be fascinated
with
意为“对…着迷”
，
lay
the roots
for
意为“为…打下基础”
。
②Donovan believed in using whatever
tools came to hand in the “great game”
of espionage
—spying as a
“profession”.
句子主干是
Donovan believed in usi
ng...
，其中
using
的宾语是
关系代词
whatever
引导的宾语从句：
< br>whatever tools came to hand
。
in the
“
great
game
”
of
espionage
做状语成分，破折号后的内容
spying
as a
“
profession
”
是对
espionage
的进一步解释
说明。固定短语
come to
hand
意为“到手”
。
补充：
whatever
和它一类的疑问代词（<
/p>
whichever
，
whoever<
/p>
，
whomever
）除了有一般
代词的用法外，还可以做关系代词，相当于
any thing(s)
that
，
any one(s)
that
，
any
person(s)
who
。如：
He did whatever he
could
do.
（他做了他能做的任何事）
。
③
The
winner,
by
a
large
margin,
was
a
tiny
Virginia
company
called
Open-Source
Solutions, whose
clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic
world.
该句的特点是多重定语。句子主干是
The
winner...
was
a
tiny
Virginia
com
pany...
，
主语和谓语之间插入了
by a large margin
做状语。表语
a
tiny Virginia company
后是
第一层定
语，由
called
过去分词对其进行修饰，第二层定语是
whose
引导的非限定性定语
从句，修
饰
solutions
。
④
Straitford
makes
money
by
selling
the
results
of
spying
(covering
nations
from
Chile
to
Russia)
to
corporations
like
energy-services
firm
McDermott
International.
句子主干是：
Straitford makes money
by selling...to...
，其状语结构中含有一个
复合结构：
sell sth. to
sb.
。
the results of spying
是
sell
的直接宾语，括号中的现
在分词短语做直接宾语的定语，对其补充说明；
corpora
tions
是
sell
的间接宾语，介
词结
构
like energy-services firm
McDermott International
做其定语。
⑤
Straitford
’
s
briefs
don
’
t
sound
like
the
usual
Washington
back-and-forthing,
whereby
agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance
they might be wrong.
该句子是由关系
副词
whereby
引导的主从复合句。逗号前是主句，其主干
是
briefs
don
’
t sound like
back-and-forthing
；关系副词
whereb
y
相当于
by which
，引导定语
从
句
，
修
饰<
/p>
主
句
的
宾
语
back-and-forthing
，<
/p>
从
句
的
主
干
是
agencies
avoid
dramatic
declarations
。
back
and forth
原是副词短语，意为“来回地”
，文中将它
动名词化了。表
示“反复无常的语言，言辞躲闪”
。
佳句赏析：
Among the firms making the biggest
splash in the new world is
Straitford,
Inc,
a private intelligence-analysis
firm based in Austin, Texas.
句子中
make the biggest splash
or make a splash
意思是“惹人注目，引起轰动”
。
“
splash
”
（水花）
极其形象地描述当时的场面。
该短语形象生
动，
形神俱佳。
又如：
She
has
made quite a splash in
literary circles with her first book.
五、核心词汇与超纲词汇
(1)spymaster
（
n.
）间谍大王，间谍组织的首脑。该词的构词法是：名词
+
名词
=
名词，
类似的词还有
bottleneck
（瓶颈）
，
eyewitness
（目击者）
，
bookworm
（蛀书虫，书呆子）
等。
(2) espionage
（
n.
）间谍活动
(3)
spy (n.)
间谍；侦探；
(v.)
当间谍，刺探；察觉，发现
(4)
give birth to
产生
(5) point-and-click
整个词汇代指“电脑
”或“网络”
，它是用连字符连接的复合名
词，其中
point
和
click
分别指使用电脑时的两个常用动作：
“指到”和“点击”
。类似
的词
有：
coach-and-four
（四马拉的大马车）
，
forget-me-
not
（勿忘草）等。
(6)
spook (n.)
鬼，幽灵；行踪秘密的人，间谍
(v.)
使害怕，惊吓
(7)
intelligence (n.)
才智，智力；情报，情报部门，情报工作
(8) compile (v.)
编辑，汇编，编译，搜集
(9)
margin
(n.)
边缘，
边界；
页边空白；
差额，
< br>尺度、
数量或程度上的不同；
by
a
large/
comfortable/wide margin
以较大的优势或悬殊
by a narrow margin
以微弱多数
（
10
）
mutually
（
ad.
）相互地
,
彼此地；
mutual (a.)
相互的
,
彼此的
（
1
1
）
reinforce
（
v.
）
增强，
加强，
增援，
[
心理学
]
强化刺激法。
re-
前缀，
意为
“再，
重新”
，
inforce
是
enforce
（强制，加强）的变体。
（
< br>12
）
vacuum
（
n.
）真空，真空吸尘器；
(v.)
(
用真空吸尘器
)
打扫，清理
（
13
）
sign-up
是动词和副
词通过连字符连接的复合名词，原来的动词短语是
sign
u
p
（报名，注册）
，文中
intern
et sign-up
指的是“登陆网络发布信息”
。这类复合
名词变复
数时通常把后一词变为复数。类似的词还有：
hold
-ups
（拦截）
，
stand-
bys
（蒡观者）
，
go-
betweens
（媒介者
,
中间人）等。
（
14
）
earn
one
’
s keep
挣钱糊口，
keep
（
n.
）
生计；照顾，管理；要塞
（
15
）
lean
（
v.
）斜，靠，依靠
(a.)
消瘦的，少量的，节约的
六、全文翻译
狂热的比尔·
多诺汶
（要是活着的话）
肯定会喜欢网络。
这位美国间谍大王对情报着迷，
他曾经在第二次世界大战时建立了战
略事务办公室，后来又为中央情报局（
Central
Intelligence
Agency
）的成立打下了基础（
长难句①
）
。多诺汶相信，在谍报职业这个“大
游戏”中可以使用任何手段。
（
长难句②
）
如今，互联网已经完全
改变了买书和寄信这样的
日常活动，也正在改变多诺汶曾经从事的这个职业。
最近的这次革命性的改变不仅仅是一个人偷看别人的电子邮件的问题，<
/p>
这样的电子间谍
show是什么意思-tusa
show是什么意思-tusa
show是什么意思-tusa
show是什么意思-tusa
show是什么意思-tusa
show是什么意思-tusa
show是什么意思-tusa
show是什么意思-tusa
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