accost英语学科虚拟语气

2021年1月27日发(作者：bonny)
高中英语语法专题讲解
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虚拟语气

虚拟语气
(Subjunctive Mood)
刘本刚
2005
年
10
月
21
日

1).
概念


?


虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测
,
建
议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

2).
在条件句中的应用








条件句可分为两类，
一类为真实条件句，
一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件
句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

一、虚拟条件句

条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。

1
、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：




If
主语＋动词过去式
/ were
，
主语＋
would
（
could, should,
或
might
）
＋动词原
形，例如：

?

If I were you, I would study hard.
?

If it rained, I would not be here now.
2
、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：




If
主语＋
had
＋过去分词，主语＋
would
（could, should,
或
might
）＋
have
＋过去
分词，如：

?

If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.
?

If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
3
、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：




If
主语
+
动词过去式
/should+
动词原形
/were to do
，
主语＋
would
（
could…
）＋

动
词原形，例如：

?

If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
?

If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
?

If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.

注：虚拟条件句中如果含有
were, should
或
had(
助动词
),
可将
were, should
或
had
提
前，把
if
去掉，实行倒装。但 要注意，在这种情况下句首不用动词的缩略形式。如
我们可以说
Were I not to do,
而不能说
Weren
’
t I to go.
二、动词
wish
后宾语从句中的虚拟语气

1.
用
wish
表示对现在情况的虚拟，其句子结构为：

宾语从句的谓语如果是系动词一律用
were

，如果是实义动词就用
过去式
。如：

?

I wish they were at home this time.
?

I wish I were a bird.
2
．

用
wish
表示对过去事情的虚拟。其句子结构为：

宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，例：

?

I wish I hadn
’
t hurt him so much
。






有时对过去进行虚拟也可在宾语从句中采用
would / could have done
的结构。

?

I wish I would have seen her last night.
3
．

用
wish
表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为：

宾语从句的谓语为
would+
动词原形
,
有时也用
could/might+
动词原形。
例：

?

I wish I would be able to come tomorrow.
三、
as if (though)
的虚拟

1.
对现在进行虚拟




动词过去式

/ were
主句
+as if+
主语
+

(as though)

2.
对将来进行虚拟




would +
动词原形

3.
对过去进行虚拟




had +
过去分词


例如：

1.

She always talks to me as if she were my sister.
2.

He walks slowly as if he had hurt his leg.
3.

She talks about it again and again as though she would never end.
四、
Would rather
的虚拟语气

1. would rather +
主语
+
动词过去式






表示对现在和将来情况的虚拟

2. would rather +
主语
+had done








表示对过去情况的虚拟

?

I would rather we didn
’
t go to see a film this evening.
?

I
’
d rather you had returned the book yesterday.
五、
It is (high/about) time that...
在该句子中我们使用两种形式的虚拟结构即：动词过去式或

should +
动词原形，
如果用后者则
should
通常不省略。

?

It is time that we went home.
?

It is time that the boy should go to school.

六、
If only
…
的虚拟结构

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