保卫国家高中英语虚拟语气的十大句型

2021年1月27日发(作者：家乡话)
高中英语虚拟语气的十大句型

虚拟条件句：

条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。

1
．条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：

句型
1
：
If
＋主语＋过去时，主语＋

should (could, would,
或
might)
＋动词原形

(1) If I were you, I would study hard.
(2) If it rained, I would not be here now.
2
．条件从句与过去事实不一致，其句型为：

句型
2
：
If
＋主语＋
had
＋过去分词，主语＋

should
（
could,
would,
或
might
）＋

have
＋过去分词

(3)
If
the
doctor
had
come
last
night,
the
boy
would
have
been
saved.
(4) If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last
term.
3
．条件从句与将来事实不一致，其句型为：

句型
3
：
If
＋主语＋过去时
/ should
＋动词原形
/ were to
＋动词
原形，主语＋

should (could, would,
或
might)
＋动词原形

(5) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
(6) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own
eyes.
(7) If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.
注意问题：

1
．
If
条件句中绝对不可以出现
would
。

2
．
根据句中的时间状语，
有时可能出现
“混合虚拟”
的情 况，
即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，
但都要遵守上述句型。如：< br>
(8) If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student
now and you would graduate from a college in four years
’

time.
3
．
条件句中如果出现
were, had, should
可省去
if
，
将主语与这
些词倒装。例如：

(9) Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have been saved.
(10) Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own
eyes.
(11) Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二、名词性虚拟语气：

在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语
气，基本句型：

句型
4
：主语＋（
should
）＋动词原形

(12) Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed at 9 o
’
clock.
（
宾
语从句）

(13) It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at onc
（主
语从句）

(14) It is surprising that she shouldn
’
t pass the math exam.
（主
语从句）

(15) The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.
（同位
语）

(16) Their demand is that their wages (should) be increased.
（表语
从句）

注意：在这种句子中绝不可以出现
would, must, could
等。

三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：

句型
5
：
wish
后的宾语从句

与
现在
愿望不一致：主语＋过去时；

与
过去
愿望不一致：主语＋

had
＋过去分词

/ could
＋

have
＋过去分词；

与
未来
愿望不一致：主语＋

would / could
＋动词原形。如；

(17) I wish I were you.
(18) I wish I had visited the White House when I was in the States.
(19) I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.
句型
6
：
It
’
s time
句型（当
It
’
s time
后用
that
从句时应该为
“主语＋

should
＋动词原形”或“主语＋过去时”
）

(20) It
’
s time that you went / should go to school.
句型
7
：
If only
引起的感叹句相当于
“
How I wish
＋宾语从句”

(21) If only he could come!
他要能来就好了。

(22) If only I had known the answer!
我要早知答案就好了。

句型
8
：
would rather, as if
（
th ough
）
引导的句子也需使用虚拟，
表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来 的情况用过去
时。

(23) I
’
d rather you posted the letter right away.
(24) I
’
d rather you had returned the book yesterday.
(25) She loves the children as if they were hers.
(26) Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.
句型
9
：
without, but, but for, but that, otherwise
引起的短语或
句子常暗含着虚拟条件。

(27) Without you, I would never know him.
(28) But for your cooperation, we wouldn
’
t have done the work so
well.
(29) But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
(30) I would be most glad to help you, but I
’

am busy now.
(31) I should have come to the party yesterday, but I was busy.
(32) I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!
句型
10
：
If it were not for ... / If it hadn
’
t been for ... (
要不是
因为……
)
，其后面的主句也需使用虚拟。

(33) If it were not for his help, I wouldn
’
t go home now.
(34) If it hadn
’
t been for the determined captain, all the passengers
on the board wouldn
’
t have been saved.
课后练习

1.
If
only
he
____quietly
as
the
doctor
instructed,
he
would
not
suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
2.
How
I
wish
every
family
____a
large
house
with
a
beautiful
garden.
A. has B. had C. will have D. had had
3. You did not let me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired
A. drove; didn’t get

B. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven wouldn’t have got

4. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the
Yangpu Bridge
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
5. I suggested the person _____ to be put into prison
A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer
6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it____
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
7.
I
insisted
_____to
see
a
doctor,
but
he
insisted
nothing
___
wrong with him
A.
on
him
to
go;
should
be
B.
he
went;
be
C.
he
go;
was
D.
he
should to; is
8. ---Your aunt invites you to the movies today
---I would rather she ____ me tomorrow than today
A. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told
9. ---Would you have called her up ?
---Yes, but I ____busy doing my homework
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
10. I was ill that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet
A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D.
would take part in
11. ___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily
A. Had it not been for
B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D.
Were it not for
12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday, he ____ me from going
A. had been, would have prevented
B. had been, would prevent
C. were, prevent
D. were, would have prevented
13. ____hard, he would have passed the exam
A. If he were to work
B. Had he worked
C. Should he work D.
Were he to work
14. ____today, he would get there by Friday
A. Were he to leaveB. If he had left
C. Did he to leave
D. Had
he left
15. Had you listened to the doctor, you ____all right now
A. are B. were
C. would be
D. would have been
16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____, she would
have met my brother