flds希腊语对英语的影响

2021年1月26日发(作者：feet是什么意思)

希腊语对英语的影响

Greek is one of the eight main branches into which the
Indo- European languages
are divided. The
area in which it is spoken has been curiously constant throughout its recorded history. These limits
are, roughly speaking, the shores of the Aegean
爱琴海
, on both the European and the Asiatic side,
and the intermediate islands (one of the most archaic of Greek dialects being found on the eastern
side in the island of
Cyprus
), and the Greek peninsula generally from its southern promontories as
far as the mountains which shut in
Thessaly
on the north. Beyond Mt.
Olympus

奥林匹斯山
and
the Cambunian mountains lay
Macedonia
,
马其顿

in which a closely kindred
dialect
was spoken,
so closely related, indeed, that O. Hoffmann has argued (
Die Makedonen,

G?
ttingen
, 1906) that
Macedonian is not only Greek, but a part of the great Aeolic dialect which included Thessalian
塞
萨利

to the south and Lesbian to the east. In the north-west, Greek included many rude dialects
little known even to the ancient Greeks themselves, and it extended northwards beyond
Aetolia
埃
托利亚（古希腊地名）

and
Ambracia
to southern
Epirus
and Thesprotia. In the Homeric age
荷
马时代

the great
shrine
of Pelasgian
Zeus
was at
Dodona
, but, by the time of
Thucydides
, Aetolia
and all north of it had come to be looked upon as the most backward of Greek lands, where men
lived a
savage
life, speaking an almost unintelligible language, and eating raw flesh (
?
γνωστ
?
τ
α
τ
ο
ι

δ
?

γλ
?
σσαν κα
?

?
μου
?
γ
ο
ι
,
Thuc.
iii.
94,
of
the
Aetolian
Eurytanes).
The
Greeks themselves
had no memory of how they came to occupy this land. Their earliest legends
connected the origin of their race with Thessaly
塞萨利（希腊地名）

and Mt.
Pindus
,
品都斯山
脉
(
希腊中部山脉
)but
Athenians
and Arcadians
also boasted
themselves
of
autochthonous
race,
inhabiting a country wherein no man had preceded their ancestors. The Greek language, at any
rate as it has come down to us, is remarkably perfect, in vowel sounds being the most primitive of
any of the Indo-European languages, while its verb system has no rival in completeness except in
the
earliest
Sanskrit

of
the
Vedic
literature.
Its
noun
system,
on
the
other
hand,
is
much
less
complete,
its
cases
being
more
broken
down
than
those
of
the
Aryan
,
Armenian,
Slavonic
and
Italic
families.
约在公元前
9
世纪出现的荷马史诗《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》 就是用希腊语最后分化出来
的四种方言写成的。
由于希腊文化早于罗马文化，
不少希腊 语单词被借入拉丁语中。
所以在
古英语时期或中古英语时期，
英语中的希腊语外来词主 要是通过拉丁语为媒介而借入的。
然
而到了文艺复兴时期，

受过教育的英国人开始热衷于研究希腊文学，并直接从希腊语中借