nobody的意思用英文介绍中国的历史文化

2021年1月26日发(作者：元宵节英语怎么说)


用英文介绍中国的历史文化（有中文翻译）


Area:
3,696,100
sq
mi
(9,572,900
sq
km).
Population
(2004
est.):
1,298,848,000.
Capital:
Beijing. The Han, or ethnic Chinese, form
more than nine-tenths of
the population.
Languages:
dialects
of
Han
Chinese,
Mandarin
being
the
most
important.
Religions:
Buddhism,
Islam,
Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Daoism (all legally sanctioned). Currency: renminbi (of which
the unit is the yuan). China has several topographic regions. The southwestern area contains the
Plateau of Tibet, which averages more than 13,000 ft (4,000 m) above sea level; its central area,
averaging more than 16,000 ft (5,000 m) in elevation, is called
yet
are
the
border
ranges,
the
Kunlun
Mountains
to
the
north
and
the
Himalayas
to
the
south.
China's northwestern region stretches from Afghanistan to the northeastern Manchurian Plain. The
Tien
Shan
(
Mountains
separate
China's
two
major
interior
basins,
the
Tarim
Basin
(containing the Takla Makan Desert) and the Junggar Basin. The Mongolian Plateau contains the
southernmost
part
of
the
Gobi
Desert.
The
lowlands
of
the
eastern
region
include
the
Sichuan
Basin,
which
runs
along
the
Yangtze
River
(Chang
Jiang).
The
eastern
region
is
divided
into
northern and southern parts by the Yangtze. The Tarim is the major river in the northwest. China's
smallest
watershed,
in
the
southwest,
provides
headwaters
for
the
Brahmaputra,
Salween,
and
Irrawaddy
rivers.
Its
many
other
rivers
include
the
Xi,
Sungari
(Songhua),
Zhu
(Pearl),
and
Lancang, which becomes the Mekong in Southeast Asia. The discovery of Peking man in 1927
(see
Zhoukoudian)
dates
the
advent
of
early
hominids
to
the
Paleolithic
Period.
Chinese
civilization probably spread from the Huang He (Yellow River) valley, where it e
xisted с 3000 BC.
The first dynasty for which there is definite historical material is the Shang (с 17th century BC),
which had a writing system and a calendar. The Zhou, a subject state of the Shang, overthrew its
Shang rulers in the 11th century and ruled until the 3rd century BC. Daoism and Confucianism
were founded in this era. A time of conflict, called the Warring States period, lasted from the 5th
century until 221 BC. Subsequently the Qin (Ch'in) dynasty (from whose name China is derived)
was established, after its rulers had conquered rival states and created a unified empire. The Han
dynasty was established in 206 BC and ruled until AD 220. A time of turbulence followed, and
Chinese
reunification
was
not
achieved
until
the
Sui
dynasty
was
established
in
581.
After
the
founding
of
the
Song
dynasty
in
960,
the
capital
was
moved
to
the
south
because
of
northern
invasions.
In
1279
this
dynasty
was
overthrown
and
Mongol
(Y
uan)
domination
began.
During
this time Marco Polo visited Kublai Khan. The Ming dynasty followed the period of Mongol rule
and lasted from 1368 to 1644, cultivating antiforeign feelings to the point that China closed itself
off from the rest of the world. Peoples from Manchuria overran China in 1644 and established the
Qing (Manchu) dynasty. Ever-increasing incursions by Western and Japanese interests led in the
19th century to the Opium Wars, the Taiping Rebellion, and the Sino-Japanese War, all of which
weakened the Manchu. The dynasty fell in 1911, and a republic was proclaimed in 1912 by Sun
Yat-sen. The power struggles of warlords weakened the republic. Under Chiang Kai-shek, some
national unification was achieved in the 1920s, but Chiang soon broke with the communists, who
then formed their own armies. Japan invaded northern China in 1937; its occupation lasted until
1945
(see
Manchukuo).
The
communists
gained
support
after
the
Long
March
(1934?C35),
in
which Mao Zedong emerged as their leader. Upon Japan's surrender at the end of World War II, a
fierce civil war began; in 1949 the Nationalists fled to Taiwan, and the communists proclaimed the
People's Republic of China. The communists undertook extensive reforms, but pragmatic policies
alternated with periods of revolutionary upheaval, most notably in the Great Leap Forward and the