高三英语阅读理解(人生百味)的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)含解析

2021年1月26日发(作者：capeverde)
高三英语阅读理解
(
人生百味
)
的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题< br>(
含答案
)
含解
析


一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类

1
．
阅读理解



Atop
almost
every
Tokyo
visitor's
must-see
list,
Harajuku
is
one
of
the
city's
most
named-
checked
neighborhoods.
Here's
a
quick
look
at
some
of
the
highlights
every
Harajuku
visitor
should experience.

Takeshita Street

The first thing you're going to want to do is get sucked into the vortex of Takeshita Street, the
best place to try purikuru photo booths and observe the latest cosplay trends - from Cothic Lolita
to cyberpunk.

WEGO is a popular fashion chain offering the latest trends and a section for vintage clothes.
Tutuanna is where you can find interesting socks that will add an ample dose of kawaii to your
outfit.

Cat Street

Cat Street is more relaxing place to stroll and shop, with stores focusing on higher-end brands.

RAGTAG is the best place to find second-hand items. Harajuku Chicago boasts a wide variety of
vintage clothes, including baseball team happi coats and traditional kimonos.

Omotesando Avenue

Another famous shopping street Omotesando Avenue is a large, tree-lined thoroughfare that
cuts through Harajuku and is filled with hundreds of shops and restaurants.

Sukajyan Dept, a tiny souvenir jacket store, is packed with the works of Ken Kakinuma. TOKYU
Plaza Omotesando Harajuku is where you'll find that famous mirrored entranceway that so many
travelers share on the internet.

（
1
）
If you want to buy vintage clothing, where should you go?

& Tutuanna.

an Dept & RAGTAG.

& Harajuku Chicago.

& Harajuku Chicago.

（
2
）
When visiting Omotesando Avenue, you may .

interesting socks.

a relaxing walk.

purikura photo booths.

the mirrored entranceway online.

（
3
）
Which section of the website may the text be chosen from?

.

ss.

ainment.

n.

【答案】

（
1
）
C

（
2
）
D

（
3
）
A

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了东京原

宿

三

条

著名的商业街及其特色。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据
Takeshita
Street
部分中的
”WEGO
is
a
popular
fashion
chain
offering...
vintage
cloth
es”
可知，
WEGO
销售老 式衣服；根据
Cat
Street
部分中的

“Harajuku
Chicago boasts a wide variety of vintage clothes”
可知，
Harajuku Chicago
也卖老式衣服。故选
C
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据
Omotesando Avenue
部分中的
”Tokyu Plaza Omotesando Harajuku
is... that so many travelers share on the Internet”
可知，原宿表参道东急购物中心是许多游客
在网上分享的著名的有镜子的 入口的地方。可推知，在参观表参道大街的时候，你可能做
的事情是找到在网上发布有镜子的入口。故选
D
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的
”
Atop
almost
every
Tokyo
visitor's
must
-
see
list”
和
”every Harajuku visitor should experience”
和下文的内容可知，本文 主要为旅游者介绍东京
原宿的旅游商业街。可知，本文可能选自网站的旅游版块。故选
A
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅 读，考生需
要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。


2
．
阅读理解



A
few
hours
after
my
first
mission,
returning
to
Earth
on
the
space
shuttle
Endeavour,
I
completed
all
of
my
medical
tests
after
flight,
met
with
NASA
officials,
and
reunited
with
my
family. Finally, I was alone in my office room in astronaut crew quarters at the Kennedy Space
Center, exhausted and ready for bed. And I did what anyone does when they return to their hotel
room on a business trip: I turned on the TV. The television news started up: Such and such had
happened, people were shocked, blah blah blah. Sports scores. Silly commercials.

It didn't take more than a minute before I had to turn it off. It felt like my body was rejecting all
this input, just as it would reject an organ donation that had the wrong blood type. All of this
noise was just completely foreign to who I was
—
or, more appropriately, who I had become. A few
hours before, I had been orbiting Earth, seeing our planet from space, flying the most amazing
machine
ever
built
by
human
hands,
working
with
a
team
that
was
the
absolute
success
of
human. And now here in my room watching what was being sold as news, and with my newfound
perspective, I just could not stomach it. My worldview was changed forever in a profound (
深刻
的
) way.

The biggest change by far and the one for which I will always be most grateful is this big-picture
perspective. That will stick with me for the rest of my life.

Whenever I feel the pressure of modern life, the stress about work, or worry about the future, I
remember my time in the space station. Back to seeing the sun set Or watching our galaxy rise on
the
horizon.
Or
seeing
a
sea
of
lightning
flash
a
hundred
times
a
second.
Or
simply
back
to
floating weightlessly.

When I'm there in my mind and realize how many billions of these beautiful sunsets there have
been and will be in the future, the cares of the world just don't seem that pressing. It goes that,

on the planet is so much better with this attitude!

（
1
）
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word stomach in paragraph
2?

A. Access.
B. Attend.
C. Accept.
D. Afford.

（
2
）
What is the most important change to the writer?

A. He has a broader view of the world.

B. He doesn't like watching TV any more.

C. He will always be most grateful for everything.

D. He can fly the most amazing machine by hands.

（
3
）
What attitude to life does the writer tend to have?

A. caged bird longs for clouds. B. Live in the present moment.

C. Let bygones be bygones. D. Time works great changes.

【答案】

（
1
）
C

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
B

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹 叙夹议文，讲述了在一次太空之旅后作者对待生活的态度
的变化。


（
1
）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的
“It didn't take more than a minute before I had to turn it
off.”
以及画线词后的
“My worldview was
changed forever in a profound (
深刻的
) way.”< br>可知，我
的世界观以一种深刻的方式永远改变了，因此此处是说以我现在的视角，看这种新闻是我
无法忍受的，所以不到一分钟我就关掉了电视，由此可知画线词词义为
“
接受、忍受< br>”
，故
选
C
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的
“The biggest change by far and the one for which I will
always be most grateful is this big-picture pe rspecti
ve.”
可知，作者最重要的改变是他对世界有
更广阔的看法，故选< br>A
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的
“It
goes
that,
‘Do
not
worry
about
tomorrow,
for
tomorrow will worry about itself.’ Living daily life down here on the planet is so much better with
this
attitud e!”
可知，它说，
“
不要为将来担心，生活在这个星球上的日常生活是如此的好，< br>这句话表明了作者对待生活的态度是不要担心将来，活在当下，故选
B
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而
选出正确答 案。


3
．
阅读理解


We talk a lot in the U.S. about success. Success is the dream and the end point. And not by
coincidence the idea that hard work leads to personal success is as American as apple pie.

But the reality is that sometimes we fail. And sometimes things, through no fault of our own,
don't go our way. We're faced with a life- changing diagnosis (
诊断
), the passing of a loved one or
job loss. We don't, as a society, have as much to say here.

I think uncertainty does us all harm. We'd feel better equipped to deal with uncertainty if we
talked about it more. I had so fully bought into the belief that with enough effort, I could control
what
happened
in
my
life.
I
actually
caught
myself
thinking
I
could

my
way
out
of
my
cancer. As it turns out, cancer doesn't really care about one's work.


We
might
also
make
wiser
decisions
—

this
isn't
just
a
feel-good
exercise.
For
example,
technology and medicine have progressed to the point that many patients are living longer than
they would have even a decade ago. These are achievements worth celebrating. And yet I wonder
if the focus on success is sometimes misguided here as well. If it is one reason why we tend to
pursue
expensive
end-of-life
treatments,
they
often
accomplish
little
other
than
to
make
a
patient's
final
days
painful
and
frightening.
The
fact
is
that,
when
asked,
many
patients
would
rather focus on living meaningfully in their final days.

My hope here is to make a case for thinking about meaning, in the same way we think about
pursuing success. In that spirit, I've asked several people, each of whom has met misfortune, how
they find meaning in their lives. The diversity in their responses reflects the fact that there are no
right or wrong answers here. We each can find meaning in different things.

（
1
）
What is the typical American idea?

A. Success is the dream.
B. Success lies in hard work.

C. Apple pie is the best food.
D. Failure is always avoidable.

（
2
）
What does the underlined word

A. Equipment.
B. Culture.
C. Uncertainty.
D. Belief.

（
3
）
In their final days many patients actually want to______.

A. live as long as possible
B. live a more meaningful life

C. make great progress in medicine
D. get expensive end-of-life treatments

（
4
）
What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. The author thinks pursuing success is wrong.

B. We can benefit from some unlucky things.

C. We can find the same meaning in our life.

D. Personally there are different meanings in life.

【答案】

（
1
）
B

（
2
）
C

（
3
）
B

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】短文大意：在 美国人们经常谈论成功。成功是梦想，是终点。美国人认
为努力工作就能获得个人成功每个人都能在不同 的事物中找到意义。


（
1
）细节理解题。根据第一段中的
And not by coincidence the idea that hard work leads to
personal success is as American as apple pie.
可知美国人认为努力工作就能获得个人成功。故
选
B
。


（
2
）推理判断题。根据第三段中的
We'd feel better equipped to deal with uncertainty if we
talked
about
it
more.
可知我们会感觉更 好地准备好应对不确定性，如果我们更多地谈论
它。可推断，
it
指代的是不确定性。 故选
C
。


（
3
）细节理解题。根据第四段中的
The fact is that, when asked, many patients would rather
focus on living meaningfully in their final days.
可知， 在生命的最后几天，许多病人实际上更
专注于有意义的生活，故选
B
。


（
4
）推理判断题。根据最后一段
The
diversity
in
their responses
reflects
the fact
that
there
are no right or wrong answers here. We each can find meaning in different things.
可知，关于人
生意义的回答，没有对或错的答案，每个人都能在不同的事物中找到意义，故选
D
。


【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和推理判断题。细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。


4
．
Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just
read.

After I was married and had lived in Japan for while, my Japanese gradually improved to the
point where I could take part in simple conversations with my husband and his friends and family.
And
I
began
to
notice
that
often,
when
I
joined
in,
the
others
would
look
surprised,
and
the
conversational topic would come to a stop. After this happened several times, it became clear to
me that I was doing something wrong. But for a long time, I didn't know what it was.

Finally, after listening carefully to many Japanese conversations, I discovered what my problem
was. Even though I was speaking Japanese, I was handling the conversation in a Western way.

A Western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic,
a conversational ball, I expect you to hit it back. If you agree with me, I don't expect you simply to
agree
and
do
nothing
more.
I
expect
you
to
add
something-a
reason
for
agreeing,
another
example,
or
a
detailed
explanation
to
carry
the
idea
further.
But
I
don't
expect
you
always
to
agree. I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me, or completely disagree with me.
Whether you agree or disagree, your response will return the ball to me.

A Japanese-style conversation, however, is not at all like tennis or volleyball. It's like bowling.
You
wait
for
your
turn.
And
you
always
know
your
place
in
line.
It
depends
on
such
things
as
whether you are older or younger, a close friend or a relative stranger to the previous speaker, in
a senior or junior position, and so on.

When your turn comes, you step up to the starting line with your bowling ball and carefully
bowl
it.
Everyone else
stands
back
and watches
politely,
murmuring encouragement.
Everyone
waits until the ball has reached the end of the alley
（球场）
and watches to see if it knocks down
all the pins, or only some of them, or none of them. There is a pause, while everyone registers
your score.

Then, after everyone is sure that you have completely finished your turn, the next person in
line steps up to the same starting line, with a different ball. He doesn't return your ball, and he
does not begin from where your ball stopped. And there is always a suitable pause between turns.
There is no rush, no scramble for the ball.


If
you
have
been
trained
all
your
life
to
play
one
game,
it
is
no
simple
matter
to
switch
to
another, even if you know the rules. Knowing the rules is not at all the same thing as playing the
game.

（
1
）
The author makes all of the following arguments EXCEPT that _____.

A. Japanese-style conversations are like bowling.

B. western-style conversations are like tennis or volleyball

C. in Japanese-style conversations, you must wait your turn to speak

D. western-style conversations are longer than Japanese-style conversations

（
2
）
The author's purpose in writhing this article is to _____.

A. instruct
B. entertain
C. joke
D. criticize

（
3
）
The main idea of the article is _______.

A. people talk differently in Japan than in the West

B. it's important to take part in conversations

C. talking with someone from another country proves difficult

D. it's rude to interrupt someone who is speaking

【答案】

（
1
）
D

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
C

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者结合自己的切身经历谈论了日式的谈 话和
西式的谈话的不同之处，由此告诉我们与来自另一个国家的人交谈是困难的。


（
1
）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“A
Japanese
-style
conversation,
however,
is
not
at
all
like tennis or volleyball. It's like
bowling. You wait for your turn.”
可知，日式的谈话不 像打网球
或排球，而像打保龄球，你需要等着轮到你，由此可知，日式的谈话比西式的时间要长，
故选
D
。


（
2
）考查推理判断。根据文章内 容可知，作者结合自己的切身经历告诉我们日式的谈话
和西式的谈话的不同之处，由此可知，作者写这篇 文章的目的就是为了给大家一些指导，
注意与来自另一个国家的人交谈时谈话方式的差异，故选
A
。


（
3
）考查主旨大意。通读全文，特别是根据最后 一段内容可知，作者结合自己的切身经
历谈论了日式的谈话和西式的谈话的不同之处，由此告诉我们与来 自另一个国家的人交谈
是困难的，故选
C
。


【点评】本 题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟
类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细 节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，
推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。< br>

5
．
阅读理解




Let
us
all
raise
a
glass
to
AlphaGo
and
the
advance
of
artificial
intelligence.
AlphaGo,
DeepMind's Go-playing AI, just defeated the best Go-playing human, Lee Sedol. But as we drink
to its success, we should also begin trying to understand what it means for the future.

The number of possible moves in a game of Go is so huge that in order to win against a player
like Lee. AlphaGo was designed to adopt a human
—
like style of gameplay by using a relatively
recent
development--deep
learning.
Deep
learning
uses
large
data
sets,
machine
learning
algorithms
（计算程序）
and deep neural networks to teach the AI how to perform a particular
set of tasks. Rather than programming complex Go rules and strategies into AlphaGo DeepMind
designers taught AlphaGo to play the game by feeding it data based on typical Go moves. Then,
AlphaGo
played
against
itself,
tirelessly
learning
from
its
own
mistakes
and
improving
its
gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves.


Deep
learning
represents
a
shift
in
the
relationship
humans
have
with
their
technological
creations. It results in AI that displays surprising and unpredictable behaviour. Commenting after
his
first
loss,
Lee
described
being
shocked
by
an
unconventional
move
he
claimed
no
human
would
ever
have
made.
Demis
Hassabis,
one
of
DeepMind's
founders,
echoed
this
comment:

Unpredictability and surprises are
—
or can be
—
a good thing. They can indicate that a system is
working well, perhaps better than the humans that came before it. Such is the case with AlphaGo.
However, unpredictability also indicates a loss of human control. That Hassabis is surprised at his
creation's
behaviour
suggests
a
lack
of
control
in
the
design.
And
though
some
loss
of
control
might be fine in the context of a game such as Go, it raises urgent questions elsewhere.

How much and what kind of control should we give up to AI machines? How should we design
appropriate human control into AI that requires us to give up some of that very control? Is there
some AI that we should just not develop if it means any loss of human control? How much of a
say
should
corporations,
governments,
experts
or
citizens
have
in
these
matters?
These
important
questions,
and
many
others
like
them,
have
emerged
in
response,
but
remain
unanswered. They require human, not human - like, solutions.

So as we drink to the milestone in AI, let's also drink to the understanding that the time to
answer deeply human questions about deep learning and AI is now.

（
1
）
What contributes most to the unconventional move of AlphaGo in the game?

capability of self-improvement.

constant input of large data sets.

installation of deep neutral networks.

knowledge of Go rules and strategies.

（
2
）
A potential danger of Al is _____.

loss of human control

friendly relationship

fierce competition

lack of challenge

（
3
）
How should we deal with the unpredictability of AI?

should stop AI machines from developing even further.

should call on the government to solve these problems for us.

should rely on ourselves and come up with effective solutions.

should invent even more intelligent machines to solve everything.

（
4
）
What's the author's attitude towards this remarkable advance in AI?

tive.

stic.

ul.

us.

【答案】

（
1
）
A

（
2
）
A

（
3
）
C

（
4
）
D

【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹 叙夹议文，作者结合人工智能
AlphaGo
战胜韩国棋手李世
石的围棋比赛展开，阐 述了
AI
的运作原理以及作者的思考。


（
1
） 考查推理判断。根据第二段中的
“Then
，
AlphaGo played against itself, tirelessly learning
from its own mistakes and improving its gameplay over time. The results speak for themselves.”
可知，
AI
的学习过程是通过不断和自己比赛，吸取经验获得自我提高，故选
A
。


（
2
）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的
“However
，
unpredictability
also
indicates
a
loss
of
human control.”
可知，不可预测性也表明失去了人类的控制，故选
A
。


（
3
）考查推理判断。根据

第五段中的
“They require human
，
not human - like
，
solutions.”
可
知，他们需要人类，只有人类自己 努力才最可能找出解决方案，故选
C
。


（
4
）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的
“So as we drink to the milestone in AI, let's also drink
to the understanding that the time to answer deeply human questions about deep learning and
AI is now.”
可知作者对于
AI
的先进性持谨慎态度，让时间来证明这一切。故选
D
。


【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一 篇人生感悟类阅读，考
生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6
．
阅读理解


Debates over the benefits of recycling started in 1996 when a writer called John Tierney said

a
few
related
groups
while
diverting
money
from
real
social
and
environmental
problems.
It
doubles
energy
consumption
and
pollution
while
costing
taxpayers
more
money
than
dealing
with old garbage. Recycling may be the most wasteful activity in modern America.


Environmental
groups
were
quick
to
respond
to
Tierney
by
issuing
reports
detailing
the
benefits of recycling and showing how municipal (
市政的
) recycling programs reduce pollution
and the use of resources while decreasing the amount of garbage and the need for landfill space
—
all for less, not more, than the cost of regular garbage collection and disposal(
处置
).

But in 2002, New York City, an early municipal recycling pioneer, found that its much-praised
recycling program was losing money, so it eliminated glass and plastic recycling. According to the
Mayor, the benefits of recycling plastic and glass were outweighed by the price
—
-recycling cost
twice as much as disposal. Meanwhile, low demand for the materials meant that much of it was
ending up in landfills anyway. NYC closed its last landfill and brought in a more efficient system,
with more famous service providers than it had used previously.


The
lessons
learned by New
York are
applicable
everywhere.
Some
early recycling
programs
waste
resources
and
lead
to
new
trash.
But
the
situation
has
improved
as
cities
have
gained