常考的几个高中英语知识点

2021年1月26日发(作者：成绩斐然)

主谓一致常考难题：

Five minutes
is enough to do this exercise
．

Each boy and each girl
wants to serve the people in future
．

More than one student
has seen the film.
Many a ship
has been damaged in the storm.
More members than one
are against your plan.
1
、
一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时
,
谓语通常用复数形式：
glasses,
clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors
等。

2
、
但如果主语用
a kind of , a pair of , a series of
等加名词构成时
,
谓语动词一般
用单数形式。
A pair of shoes was on the desk
．

3
、
并列主语如果指的是同一个人、
同一事物或同一概念时
,
谓语动词用单数形式
,
这时
and
后面的名词没有冠词。例如
:
Truth and honesty is the best policy
．

The girl's teacher and friend is a young doctor
．

To love and to be loved is the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
A knife and fork is on the table.
4
、
当主语后面跟有
as
well
as,
as
much
as
,
no
less
than,
along
with,
with,
like,
rat
her than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to
等引导的

词组时
,
其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如
:
The teacher as well as the students was excited
．

The room with its furniture was rented
．

5
、
A (great) number of
修饰可数复数名词
,
谓语动词用复数
;
a great deal of,a large amount of
修饰不可数名词
,
其短语作主语时
,
谓语动词用单数。

关系代词
who,
that,
which
等在定语从句中作主语时
,
其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数

一致。例如
:
Those who want to go please sign your names here
．

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun
．

6
、
季 节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不
加冠词。

1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter
形容词的顺序：

系动词
be
，
grow
，
get
，
become
，
feel
，
appear
，
prove
，
seem
，
look
，
keep
，
smell
，
taste
，
sound
，
turn
，
remain
7、限定词
+
数量形容词
(
序数词在前，基数词在后
)+
性状形容词
+
大小、

长短、高低等形体
+
新旧
+
颜色
+
国藉
+
材料

Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table
8< br>、
某些以
-ly
结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：
friendly，
lively
，
lovely
，
lonely
，
likely
，

deadly
，
silly
，
orderly, timely
等。

1)close
接近地




closely
仔细地，密切地

2)free
免费地





freely
自由地
,
无拘束地

3)hard
努力地




hardly
几乎不

4)late
晚，迟





lately
近来



5)most
极
,
非常



mostly
主要地

6)wide
广阔地，充分地
widely
广泛地

7)high
高






highly
高度地，非常地

8)deep
深，迟



deeply
抽象意义的“深”

9)loud
大声地




loudly
大声地
(
含有喧闹的意思
)
10)near
邻近





nearly
几乎

bad/ill ,badly worse worst little less least
比较级

1
、

表 示一方不及另一方时，用“
less
＋原级＋
than
”的结构表示：

This room is less beautiful than that one
．

2
、
表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，
可在 比较级前加表示程度的状语，
如：
even
，
a
lot
，

a bit
，
a little
，
still
，
much
，
far, yet, by far
等修饰：
He works even harder than
before
．

注意
:by far
通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时
,
一般放在比较级的后面
,
如放在前面
,
应

在二者中间加“
the
”
。

He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
3
、
表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型
:
A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.
The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.
这座 新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大
(
四倍高
)
。
［高三倍］

A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。

A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.
例如
:Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

表示两倍可以用
twice
或
double
。
4
、
表示“最高程度”的形容词，如
excellent
，
ex treme
，
perfect
等，没有最高级，也不
能用比

较级。

need
表示“需要”或“必须”
,
作情态动词 时
,
仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般
用
must, have to, ought to
或
should
代替。例如：

You needn't come so early.
Need I finish the work today?
－－
Yes, you must.
注意：
needn't have done
“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”
。

例如：
You needn't have waited for me.
“
should have done
”
表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。

You should have started earlier.
“
ought to have done
”
表示过去应做某事而实际未做。

You ought to have helped him (but you didn't)
书报的标题
,
小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。

表示感觉
,
愿望和状态的某些动词如
have, be, hear, see, like
等词一般不用进行时。

有些动词形式上是主动结构
,
但表示被动的意思。
常见的有可和
well,
easily
等副词连用的



不及物动 词
sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook
等。例如：

The cloth washes well.
这布很经洗。

The new product sells well.
这新产品很畅销。

The pen writes well.
这支笔很好写。

在动词
arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require,
suggest
等后面的宾语从句中用“
(should)
＋

动词原形”
(
虚拟语气
)
例如：

We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
He demanded that we (should) start right away.
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词
,
或者不定式所修饰的名 词或代词是不定式动作的地点、
工

具等
,
不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：
He is looking for a room to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth.
动词后可以用动名词作宾语
,
但不能用不定式
:
admit,appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, fini
sh, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention,mind,miss,practise, put of
f, resist, risk, suggest, can't help, can't stand(
无法忍受
)
等。

I tried not to go there.(
我设法不去那里。
)
I tried doing it again.(
我试着又干了一次。
)]
mean to do
有意
... mean doing
意味着
...
I mean to come early today.(
我打算今天早些来。
)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
(
误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。
)
allow, advise, forbid, permit
We don't allow smoking here. We don't allow students to smoke.
动词
need,require,want
作“需要”解
,
其后跟动词作它的宾语时
,
若表示的含义是被动的
,
必

须用动名词
,
或不定式的被动式。例如：

The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to be cleaned).
在短语
devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object
to,thank you for, excuse me for
等后的动词也必须用动名词形式：
I look forward to
hearing from you soon.
Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk.(
原因
)
Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.
(
原因
,
强调写的过程
,
故应用现在 分词一般被动式
)
Having been deserted by his guide, he couldn't find his way through the jungle.(
为了强调已完成的动作
)
Asked to stay, I couldn't very well refuse.
这里
asked
可能意味着
having been asked,
也可能意味着
when/since I was asked,
但
用

了
having been asked
就不会有歧义。

下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语