-
cost
,
pay
(
for
),
spend
和
take
这四个词都有花费的意思。
cost
指花钱、时间、劳力等;
take
主要指花时间;
pay
指花钱;
spend
指花时 间、
钱等。
cost
常以事物做主语,
而不以人作主语。
初中阶段 关于
“
花钱
”
,
“
花
费时间
”
的 词常见的有以下五个:
buy
,
cost
,
pay
(
for
),
spend
和
take
。很多学生对这几
个词 的词义和用法似懂非懂,用起来往往出错。其实这些词都与钱物有关,与时间有关的
只有
tak e
和
spend
。下面具体谈一谈其用法:
1
.
buy
,
get
也可表示此意,给某人买东西、饭、饮料等,主语是人。其常见结构 为
to
buy
sb
.
sth
.或
to buy sth
.
for sb
.
I bought this book for 15yuan
.
Would you please buy me a dictionary
?
Let me buy
/
get you a drink
.
Buy one for me
.
2
.
cost
指花钱,
表示价值或代价
(此代价可以是时间)
。
主语是事或物或动词不定式短语。
其常见结构是
to cost sb
.
some money
。
The book costs 50 fen
.
The dictionary cost me 6yuan
.
The work costs much time and labour
.
3
.
pay
(
for
),
pay
表示付给人家钱、帐单等;
pay
for
表示买东西付款,也表示替别人付
钱。主语是人。其常见结构是
to pay sb
.
some money
,
pay money for sth
.
You must pay me 100yuan a week for your meals
.
I have paid all my debts
.
How much did you pay for that book
?
Don't worry about money
.
I'll pay for you
.
4
.
spend
指花钱,花费时间。主语是人。其常见结构分别为
to
spend
money
on
sth
.
,
spend
time
(
in
)
doing sth
.。
I spent six yuan on a new dictionary
.
—
How do you spend your spare time
?
—
I spend my spare time writing books
.
5
.
take
指花钱(=
cost
)
It takes/costs me a lot of money to buy a big house
.
= To buy a big house takes/costs me a lot of money.
take
用来说明做某事需要多少时间,有三种不同的结构:
1
)主语是人
I took half an hour to get home yesterday
.
She took the whole day to read the novel
.
2
)主语是某种活动
The journey took me half an hour
.
Reading the novel took her the whole day
.
3
)用形式主语
it
It took me half an hour to get home yesterday
.
It takes much time to do the shopping
.
试看
“
我六元钱买了一本词典
”
的不同译法:
a
.
I bought the dictionary for six yuan
.
b
.
The dictionary cost me 6yuan
.
c
.
I paid six yuan for the dictionary
.
d
.
I spent six yuan on the dictionary
.
e
.
It took me six yuan to buy the dictionary
.
再看
“
读这本书花了我一整天的时间
”
的不同译法:
a
.
I spent the whole day reading the book
.
b
.
I took the whole day to read the book
.
c
.
Reading the book took me the whole day
.
d
.
It took me the whole day to read the book
.
例如:
①
The composition cost(took)me three hours.
②
How much did the radio cost you?
这台无线电花了你多少钱?
(
不用
take)
③
The work cost them much labour.
这件工作花费他们很大的劳动。
④
It took them over two years to build the bridge.
修建这座桥花了他们两年多的时间。
⑤
I spend 50 dollars on the camera.
买这架照相机,我花了
50
美元。
⑥
He often spent his spare time(in)helping the poor.
他经常利用业余时间帮助穷人。
【注意】如要说
“
这件上衣我花了
20
美元
”
,可用下列几种表达方法
The coat cost me 20 dollars.
=I spent 20 dollars on the coat.
=I paid 20 dollars for the coat.
=I bought the coat for 20 dollars.
=I bought the coat at the price of 20 dollars
hope, wish, expect, want, desire
和
look forward to
的用法区别
1
.
hope
作
“
希望
”
解,主要用来表示主观上的愿望并对其实现抱有信心。可接不定式(短
语)或
that
引导的从句,但不可接
“
宾语
+
不定式
”
,即宾语补足语的结构,也称不定式的
复合结构,例如:
We are hoping to see the president who will come to China.
I hope that you can tell us the truth.
We hope you to meet us at the station. (
错误
)
2
.
wish 作
“
但愿、希望
”
解,表示某种未完成或不能完成的愿望。可接不定式( 短语)、
双宾语、宾语
+
不定式的复合结构以及
that
从句,例如:
I wish you to go to Beijing with me next year.
Everyone wish (that) he could pass the English exam.
We wish you success/ (to be) happy.
I wish (that) I were a millionaire.
注意:表示实现愿望的可能性不大或根本不可能时,从句用虚拟语气。
3
.
expect
作
“
期待、期望
”
解,侧重于相信或认为有实现可能的愿望。可接名词、不定式
(短语)、不定式的复合结构,例如:
I never expected his coming / help.
We expect to hear from Jane.
I expect you to give me a hand.
He expected that he could get there on time.
4
.
want
作
“
想要
”
解,可接名 词、不定式短语、还可接宾语
+
不定式
/
现在分词
/
过去分 词
的复合结构,例如:
Mr. Black wants to see you, sir.
I don't want you to make so much trouble.
He wanted his hair cut after work.
I want you telling stories all the time.
但当
want
作
“
需要
”
解时,
则后接
V-ing
的形式
(表示被动的含义)
或不定式的复合结构,
此时用法跟
need
相似,例如:
The floor wants cleaning / to be cleaned.
5
.
desire
作
“
渴望、愿望
”
解,可以为名词或动词,表示强烈 的希望、渴望或要求,是比
want
更加正式的用语,可以接名词、不定式、不定 式的复合结构以及宾语从句,一般不用
于进行时态、祈使句,例如:
He desired information on this matter.
We all desire peace and happiness.
What do you desire me to do for you.
He desired to win the game.
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