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英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式

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2021-01-25 01:00
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2021年1月25日发(作者:jet)
英语毕业论文引用和参考文献格式


英语专业毕业论文引用和参考文献格式采用
APA
格式及规范。

一、文中夹注格式





英语学位论文引用别 人的观点、
方法、
言论必须注明出处,
注明出处时使用
括号夹注的方法
(一般不使用脚注或者尾注)

且一般应在正文后面的参考文献
中列出。关于夹注, 采用
APA
格式。




(一)引用整篇文献的观点

引用整篇文献(即全书或全文)观点时有两种情况:




1.
作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现,如:

Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their personalities but in
their sources of inspiration for writing (Taylor, 1990).



2.
作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现,如:

Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites, not only in their
personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing (1990).



3.
如果作者的姓氏和文献出版年份均已 在正文同一句中出现,按
APA
的规
范不需使用括号夹注,如:

In a 1990 article, Taylor claims that Charlotte and Emily Bronte were polar opposites,
not only in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing.



4.
在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊,
括号夹注中只需用汉语拼音
标明作者的姓氏,不得使用汉字,如:
(Zhang, 2005)




(二)引用文献中具体观点或文字




< br>引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出现的页
码出版年份,没有页码是 文献引用不规范的表现。




1.
引用一位作者的文献




1
)引用内容在一页内,如:

Emily
Bronte
“expressed
increasing
hostility
for
the
world
of
human
relationships,
whether sexual or social” (Taylor, 1988

11).




2
)引用内容在多页上,如:

Newmark
(1988

39-40)
notes
three
characteristically
expressive
text- types:
(a)
serious
imaginative
literature
(e.g.
lyrical
poetry);
(b)
authoritative
statements
(political
speeches
and
documents,
statutes
and
legal
documents,
philosophical
and
academic
works
by
acknowledged
authorities);
(c)
autobiography,
essays,
personal
correspondence (when these are personal effusions).
注意在这些例子中引文超过一页时的页码标记方法:

APA
的规范是
(1988,
pp.
39-40)


假若作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现,则不需要在括号夹注中重复
,如:

Taylor
writes
that
Emily
Bronte
“expressed
increasing
hostility
for
the
world
of
human relationships, whether sexual or social” (1988

11).




2.
引用多位作者写作的同一文献





1
)两位作者(使用
&
符号连接),如:

Research
(Yamada
&
Matsuura,
1982)
reports
the
poor
performance
of
advanced
English
learners
who
could
use
English
articles
correctly
only
in
70
percent
of
the
cases.





2
)三位作者,如:





第一次引用:

According
to
educational
psychologists,
raising
children
is
a
responsibility
of
the
entire community (Franklin, Childs, & Smith, 1995).





以后的引用:

To be successful, “communities must be willing to take this responsibility” (Franklin
et al., 1995

135).




(3)
三位作者以上,如:

Patterns of byzantine intrigue have long plagued the internal
politics
of
community
college administration in Texas (Douglas et al., 2003) .




3.
引用同样姓氏的不同作者文献




假若两个或两个以上 的作者有同样的姓氏,则括号夹注中应同时使用他们名
字的首字母,如:


Well-established
SLA
researchers
(R.
Ellis,
2002)
seem
rather
skeptical
of
the
assertion that repetition alone explains the development of the knowledge of a second
language (N. Ellis, 2002).





引用中文著作或期刊时同姓作者 的情况较多,
应在括号夹注中使用他们名字
的首字母加以区分,如:


(W.Y. Wang, 2003)

(L.F. Wang, 2003

213)




4.
引用团体作者文献





引用团体作者的作品,括号夹注中应使用团体的名称,如:


Retired
officers
retain
access
to
all
of
the
university's
educational
and
recreational
facilities (Columbia University, 1987

54).





5.
引用无作者文献




引用无作者文献,如果文献标题没 有出现在正文里,则括号夹注中应使用该
标题或者(如果标题过长的话)使用该标题中的关键词组,如:


An
anonymous
Wordsworth
critic
once
argued
that
his
poems
were
too
emotional
(“Wordsworth Is A Loser
,

2002).




在使用关键词组时应该选择标题开始部分的词组。






APA
的规范,独立出版物的标题或者 标题中的关键词组用斜体标出,出
版物内含的作品的名称以及未出版的作品
(讲演、
论 文等)
的标题或者标题中的
关键词组用引号标出。






6.
引用书信、谈话中的观点或文字





书信和谈话(含电子邮件、访谈、电话等)无法在正文后面的参考文献中
列出,但应该在正文中使用括号夹注的方法注明出处
。例如:

(1) Mira Ariel (e-mail, April 17, 2004) confirmed that accessibility marking played a
crucial role in discourse organization.


(2)
Researchers
may
observe
that
Chinese
English
majors
with
no
overseas
experience often have a better command of English than American foreign language
majors with no overseas experience have of the language they study (Nida, personal
communication, November 8, 1986).




7.
引用同一作者的多篇文献





(1)
中文文献






APA
规范,同一作者的不同文献可用出版年份来区别,如:

(Zhang, 1997)

(Zhang, 1999)

(Zhang, 2004)





括号夹注还可以表示同一作者的多篇文献,文献按发表次序排列,如:

(Zhang, 1997, 1999, 2004)





2
)英文文献

Halliday (1985, 1994) argues that a language is a meaning-making system and that it
is a semantic system rather than a formal system.
同一年份发表的文献应对年份另加字母,
以示区别
( 正文后参考文献著录中相应
的条目里的年份应加同样的字母),如:

(Bloom, 2003a, 2003b)





8.
同时引用不同作者的多篇文献





括号夹注 可以包括不同作者的多篇文献,文献按作者姓氏的字母顺序排列
(注意分号的使用),如:

Distance
from
health
care
providers,
lack
of
transportation,
lack
of
health
care
providers,
lack
of
information
about
the
disease
and
various
treatment
options,
poverty
and social
isolation due to
geography
are all factors which
affect
treatment

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