英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

2021年1月24日发(作者：mark是什么)
英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

一、句子的基本结构（
5
种）

1
、主语
+
谓语（
s+v
）













2
、主语
+
系动词
+
表语（
s+l+p
）

3
、
主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
（s+v+o
）






4
、
主语
+
谓语
+
间接宾语
（指人）
+
直 接宾语
（指物）
(s+v+io+do)

5
、主语
+谓语
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语（
s+v+o+c
）

二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）

1.
主语（
subject
）
：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east
（






）













He likes dancing.
（






）

Twenty years is a short time in history. (





)



Seeing is believing.
（



）

To see is to believe.
（





）









What he needs is a book.
（）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（







）

(
一）指出下列句中主语的中心词

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficu
lt.

2.
谓语（
predicate
）
：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用
动词或者动词词组
担任，放在主 语的后面。







We study English.



















He is asleep.

(
二
).
选出句中谓语的中心词

① I don't like the picture on the wall.






A. don't




B. like




C. picture




D. wall

② The days get longer and
longer when summer comes.

A. get



C. days D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus

A. Do

B. usually

C. go

D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be


B. meeting


C. the library


D. afternoon

⑤ Did the twins h
ave porridge for their breakfast

A. Did


B. twins

C. have


D. breakfast

3.
表语（
predicative
）
：系动词之后的成分，表示
主语的性质、状态和特征
。

He is a teacher.
（





）




Seventy-
four! You don’t look
it.
（





）

Five and five is ten.
（






）



He is asleep.
（







）

His father is in.
（






）



The picture is on the wall. (







)

My watch is gone / missing / lost.
（












）

The question is whether they will come.
（







）

（常见的系动词有
: be, sound
（听起来）
, look
（看起来）
, feel(
摸起来，
smell
（闻起来）
, taste
（尝、吃起来）
, remain
（保持，仍是）
, feel
（感觉）
……

It sounds a good idea.






















The sound sounds strange.

Her voice sounds sweet.






















Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious.



















The food tastes good.

The door remains open.





















Now I feel tired.

(
三
)
挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man was feeling very tired.







② Why is he worried about Jim

③ The leaves have turned yellow.












④ Soon They all became interested in the
subject.

⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

4.
宾语
：
1
）动宾表示
行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任
。放在
及物动词或者介词之后
。
如：
I like China.
（







）


























He hates you.
（




）

How many do you need We need two.
（




）




I enjoy working with you.
（






）

I hope to see you again.
（





）











Did you write down what he said
（






）

2
）介词后的名词、代词和动名词
-----
介宾

Are you afraid of the snake





Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3
）双宾语
-----
间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday






. Give the poor man some money.