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英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习
一、句子的基本结构（
5
种）
1
、主语
+
谓语（
s+v
）
2
、主语
+
系动词
+
表语（
s+l+p
）
3
、
主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
（s+v+o
）
4
、
主语
+
谓语
+
间接宾语
（指人）
+
直 接宾语
（指物）
(s+v+io+do)
5
、主语
+谓语
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语（
s+v+o+c
）
二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）
1.
主语（
subject
）
：句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east
（
）
He likes dancing.
（
）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (
)
Seeing is believing.
（
）
To see is to believe.
（
）
What he needs is a book.
（）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（
）
(
一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficu
lt.
2.
谓语（
predicate
）
：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用
动词或者动词词组
担任，放在主 语的后面。
We study English.
He is asleep.
(
二
).
选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
② The days get longer and
longer when summer comes.
A. get
C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus
A. Do
B. usually
C. go
D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins h
ave porridge for their breakfast
A. Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
3.
表语（
predicative
）
：系动词之后的成分，表示
主语的性质、状态和特征
。
He is a teacher.
（
）
Seventy-
four! You don’t look
it.
（
）
Five and five is ten.
（
）
He is asleep.
（
）
His father is in.
（
）
The picture is on the wall. (
)
My watch is gone / missing / lost.
（
）
The question is whether they will come.
（
）
（常见的系动词有
: be, sound
（听起来）
, look
（看起来）
, feel(
摸起来，
smell
（闻起来）
, taste
（尝、吃起来）
, remain
（保持，仍是）
, feel
（感觉）
……
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
(
三
)
挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired.
② Why is he worried about Jim
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the
subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4.
宾语
：
1
）动宾表示
行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任
。放在
及物动词或者介词之后
。
如：
I like China.
（
）
He hates you.
（
）
How many do you need We need two.
（
）
I enjoy working with you.
（
）
I hope to see you again.
（
）
Did you write down what he said
（
）
2
）介词后的名词、代词和动名词
-----
介宾
Are you afraid of the snake
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3
）双宾语
-----
间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday
. Give the poor man some money.
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