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宾语从句三注意

作者:高考题库网
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2021-01-24 20:52
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2021年1月24日发(作者:biography)
宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;

主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;

主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;

陈述句转化
that
引,一般疑问句用
if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。

一、基本讲解

1

概念
:
在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,
宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也 可做介词的
宾语。
eg,





He said he was good at drawing. (
动词宾语
)













He asks him how long Mike has been down . (
动词宾语
)













Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (
介词宾语
)
2.
连接词

(1) .
陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用
that,
口语中常常省略。

e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.
(2)


whether


if
引导的宾语从句
,
主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的
宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序












eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .


注意:一般情况下,
whether

if
可以互用,

但有些情况例外。







a.
当从句做介词的宾于是只用
whether
不用
if








eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.






b.
引导词与动词不定式或

not
连用时,

只用
whether.






eg, Please let me know what to do next.










Could you tell me whether u go or not?






c. if
当如果讲时,

引导的是条件状语从句,

这时不能用
whether.
(3).
特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,引导 词用特殊疑问词;引导词后要用陈述句语序。

E.g. Could you tell me what's the matterwrong with you?




特殊情况:
:当
do you think
后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时,句式结构应为引导词

do you think
+陈述句语序。

3.
宾语从句时态

a.当主句是一般现在时,一般将来时或祈使句时,从句不受主句的限制,根据自身的需要选
用相应的时 态。例如:

Do you know

if/whether he has seen the film

?
b.
当主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如:

I didn't know

if/whether he had seen the film.


注意:当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科 学原理,格言等,
从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如:

He said

that the earth moves round the sun.


The teacher told us

that light travels much faster than sound.



4.
、人称的变化和标点的使用
a.
从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则
与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。如:




“May I use your knife

”He asked me.

→He asked me if he might use my knife.




“Do you know her telephone number

”He asked me.


→He asked me if I know her telephone number.

b.
宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句,用句号;主句是疑问句,用问号。如:





Who will give us a talk? I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.





Do you know

Where does he live
? →Do you know where he lives?

二、宾语从句的转化

1.2.
当主句谓语动词是
hope

wish

decide

forget

plan

agree
等,且主句主语与从 句
主语相同时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:

She agreed that she could help me with my maths.

→She agreed to help me with my maths.

2.
当主句的谓语动词是
know, learn, forget, remember, decide
等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾
语时,主从句的主语也须一致 这时从句可以简化成

疑问词+不定式结构

。例如:

I don't know which sweater
I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy.

3.
当主句的谓语动词是
ask

tell, show, tea ch
等后面带双宾语时,从句的主语和间接宾语一
致,且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时,从句可 以转化成

疑问词+不定式结构

,
或者在连接
代词
/
副词引导的宾语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化

连接代词
/
副词+不定式

结构。如:
→Could you tell me how to get to the park?

4.
当主句谓语动词是
find

see

watch
hear
等感官动词时,从句常简化为

宾语+宾补

结构,宾 补为不带
to
的不定式或
V-ing
形式。如:

She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.

→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

























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