最新if条件句中的时态应用

2021年1月24日发(作者：免费翻译)
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if
条件句中的时态应用

if
是高考考查热点之一。
同学们往往把它的时态容易判断错误。
笔者
就
if
中的时态应用总结如下：

一．意“如果”

表真实条件。

引导真实条件句。从句要求用一般现在时表将来。

If it rains tomorrow , we `ll stay at home.
如果明天下雨的话，我们将呆在家里。

If they come tomorrow , we`ll have a meeting.

如果他们明天来的话，我们就开个会。

注意：在表示“愿意”或“不愿意”时，
if
后可以跟
will
或
won
’
t.
。

如
:If you won
’
t go , I
’
ll go alone.
如果你愿意去，我就自己去。

二．意“假如”

表虚拟条件。

引导虚拟条件句。表示与事实相反的假设。虚拟条件句和主句的时态构成如下：

虚拟情况

从句时态

主句时态

与现在事实相反

一般过去时

(be
用
were)
would (should ,could ,might)+
动词原形

与将来事实相反

一
般
过
去
时
(be
用
would
(should
,could
,might)+
动词动词原
were)
形

should +
动词原形

were to +
动词原形

与过去事实相反

过去完成时

would (should ,could ,might)+have+
过去分
词

If I were a bird ,I could fly in the air .
如果我是一只小鸟，我就会在天上飞。

If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you .
如果我现在有足够钱的话，我就会借给你。

If it should rain tomorrow, the race would be put off.
如果明天下雨的话，比赛就会推迟。

If you had arrived earlier that day , you might have met her.
如果那天你早点到的话，你就会遇见她了。

三．意“是否，是不是”引导间接问句。

当主句为现在时时，
从句应用适当 的时态。
当主句为过去时时，
从句应当遵循时
态一致的原则，要采用相应的过去时态。

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I don
’
t know if they will come tomorrow.
我不知道他们明天是否会来。

He asked if they would come the next day.
他问他们第二天是否会来。

注意：在正式的文件中，若句中有助动词
had
、
were
、
should
，则将其提前，
省略
if.
Had it not been for your help,we would not have achieved so much.
要不是你的帮助，我们不会取得如此大的成绩。


四．固定搭配：

①

if
only
:
意“要是……就好了”
，表示一种不真实的条件。其后接从句。从句
用虚拟语气。
用 一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望；
对过去没有实现的愿望从
句用过去完成时。

If only I had taken mother
’
s advice.
我要是听妈妈的建议就好了。

If only I could speak several foreign languages .
我要是能讲几种外语就好了。

区别

only if: :
意“只有在……条件下才……”用来加强从句的 语气。当其位于句
首时，主句用倒装语序。

He would succeed only if he tried hard .

→
Only if he tried hard ,would he succeed.
只有他努力他才会成功。

②
:as if /though
意“好象”引导状语从句或表语从句。当从句的内容 为不真实情
况时要采用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时，
与过去事实相反 从句
用过去完成时。与将来事实相反从句用
would (could ,might )+
动词原形

She cried as if her heart could be broken.
她哭得好象心都要碎了。

③
:even if
意“即使、纵使”连词，引导让步状语从句。

Even if he is poor ,she loves him.
即使他很穷，她仍然爱他。



【巩固练习】

1
．
She seldom ,_____,blames her failure on others.
A. if ever


B. if any C. if necessary D. if possible
2. I had never spent a more worrying day. It seemed _____the day would never end.
A. as if B. even if C. as soon as

D. as long as

3. If a man _____succeed, he must work as hard as he can .
A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should

4. If it _____tomorrow, we
’
ll go roller-skating.
A. isn
’
t rain B. won
’
t rain C. doesn
’
t rain D. doesn
’
t fine
5.I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone,for
I
sometimes want to make sure if he ___ home for dinner .(06
高考
)
A .come B .comes C. has come D . will come
6 .In time of serious accidents ,___we know some basic things about first aid ,we can
save lives.
（
06
高考）

A . whether B. until C .if D .unless
7 .If you ____ wait over there for a minute ,Mr. Smith ,I
’
ll tell our manager you
’
ve
arrived.
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谢谢
2