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差分英语(宾语从句)直接引语和间接引语

作者:高考题库网
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2021-01-24 16:50
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2021年1月24日发(作者:besos)
语法专项突破


直接引语和间接引语


当人们 引用别人的话时,可以用别人的原话,也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来。如果是引用别人的原话,被引用
的部分就称为直接引语;用自己的话来转述别人的意思就称为间接引语。直接引语通常都放在引号里;间接引语 在多数
情况下都构成一个宾语从句(祈使句的间接引语用不定式表示)。

考点一

直接引语是陈述句时变为间接引语的
方法

直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词
that
引导

tha t
在口语中常省略)
,从句中的人称、时态、指示

词、时间状语、地点状语 等要作相应变化,在这一方面汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在作直接引语和间接引语转
换练习时, 要特别注意句子的意义。

1
.人称的变化

直接引语变为间接引语 时根据说话的主体和说话的对象进行人称的变化,通常是直接引语中的第一人称根据间接引
语中的主语作 相应的变化,直接引语中的第二人称根据间接引语中的主句的宾语作相应的变化,直接引语中的第三人称
在间接引语中不发生变化(简记为

一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新

)。

They said

“We love our country.”

→They
said that they love their country.
他们说他们热爱他们的国家。

Tom asked me

“Are you a doctor



→Tom asked me if I was a doctor.

汤姆问我是否是一名医生。

Jim said

“She is my elder sister.”

→Jim said that she was his elder sister.

吉姆说她是他的姐姐。

2
.时态的变化

主句

现在时

将来时

直接引语

任何时态

任何时态

一般现在时

一般将来时

间接引语

相对应的任何时态

相对应的任何时态

一般过去时
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:
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来源
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过去将来时

过去进行时

过去完成时

过去时

]

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来源
:


现在进行时

现在完成时

一般过去时

过去完成时

He said

“I am busy.”→He said that he was busy.

他说:

我很忙。
”→
他说他很忙。

He said to me

“I am doing some cleaning now.”

→He told me that he was doing some cleaning then.

他对我说:

我现在正在打扫卫生。



他告诉我他那时正在打扫卫生。

She said

“I have repaired the tractor.”

→She said that
she had repaired the tractor.
她说:

我把拖拉机修好了。



她说她已经把拖拉机修好了。

She said to me

“I saw the film.”

→She told me that she h
ad seen the film.
她对我说:

我看过电影了。



她对我说她看过电影了。

3
.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化


过去完成时

过去完成时

直接引语

this
间接引语

that
those
then
that day
that night
that week
the day before
the week before
three days before
the next day
the next week
in two days
指示代词

these
now
today
tonight
this week
yesterday
时间状语

last week
three days ago
tomorrow
next week
the day after tomorrow
地点状语

here
bring
there
take
go
动词

come
考点二

直接引语是疑问句时变为间接引语的方法


直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引 语时,要用陈述语序,并且要注意加连词
if

whether
,其主句动词 或动词短语常用
ask

wond
er

want to know

inquire
等,句尾不用问号,用句号。

1
.直接引语是一般疑问句时,需要将其变成由
if

whether
引导的 宾语从句。

Susan asked me

“Are you Mr Liu



苏珊问我:

你是刘先生吗?


→She asked me if I was Mr Liu.

她问我是否是刘先生。

2.当直接引语为特殊疑问句时,常变成与疑问词同形的连接词引导的宾语从句,用陈述语序,问号变为句号。

Bruce said

“Where is she going



布鲁斯说:

她要去哪儿?


→He ask
ed where she was going.
他问她要去哪儿。

考点三

直接引语是祈使句时变为间接引语的方法


直接 引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要用不定式表示,使其成为
“ask/tell/order sb.

not

to do sth.”
句型。

He said to her

“Don't take the flower away.”

→He asked her not to take the flower awa
y.
他对她说:

不要把那花拿走。



他让她不要把那花拿走。


1
.(
2012< br>贵州安顺中考,
15

“Jack

can you help with the dinner

” Jack's mother asked.
(改成间接引语)

Jack was asked ______he ______help with the dinner.
2
.(
2012
四川乐山中考,
88

Tony said

“I am singing when the telephone rings.”
(将直接引语改为间接引语)

Tony said that______ ______singing when the telephone rang.
3
.(
2012
甘肃兰州中考,
104

Was the machine invented by David

She wasn't sure.
(合并成一句话)

She wasn't sure ______ the machine was invented by David.
4

Are there any new markets in Asia

The sales manager wants to know.
(合并为一句)

The sales manager wants to know ______ there ______ any new markets in Asia.
5

Tim said to Kate

“How is your mother now


(改为间接引语)

Tim ______ Kate how ______ mother ______ then.
6

He asked Mary

“Do you have anything to do this afternoon


(改为间接引语)

He asked Mary ______ she ______ anything to do ______ afternoon.
7

Our teacher said to us

“Light travels faster than sound.”
(改为间接引语)

Our teacher ______

us ______ light ______ faster than sound.
8

Mr Zhang said

“I was born in Beijing in October,1980.”
(改为间接引语)

Mr Zhang said that ______ ______ born in Beijing in October

1980.
9

Our teacher said to me

“Sit down

please.”
(改为间接引语)

Our teacher told ______ ______ sit down.
10

My mother said

“Don't make any noise.”
(改为间接引语)

My mother told me ______ ______ ______ any n
oise.
11

She a
sked me

“When are you going to Shanghai


(改为间接引语)

She asked me when ______ ______ going to Shanghai.
12

My brother told me on the phone

“I will go back tomorrow.”
(改为间接引语)

My brother told me on the phone that he ______ ______ back ______ ______ ______.
13

Our headteacher told Li Ming's mother

“He has gone home.”
(改为间接引语)

Our headteacher told Li Ming's mother that ______ ______ gone home.
14

The reporter asked the girl

“Do you like your volunteer work on weekends


(改为间接引语)

The reporter asked the girl ______ she ______ her volunteer work on weekends.
15

“Why do you stay at home

”my father as
ked.
(把直接引语改为间接引语)

My father asked ______ I ______ at home.
16

The woman teacher asked the students

“Can you understand what I am saying


(改为间接引语)

The woman teacher asked the students______ ______ could understand what she was saying.
17

She said

“Are you from the south


(改为间接引语)

She asked ______ I ______ from the south.
18

Mr Paul said to us

“The moon goes around the earth.”
(改为间接引语)

Mr Paul ______ us that the moon ______ around the earth.
19

“I can't find my wallet

” he said to me.
(改为间接引语)

He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
20

“I will take it home with me

” she said.
(改为间接引语)

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