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English Grammar ( The
Third
lesson)
直接引语和间接英语
引用或转述别人说的话时有两种方法：直接引述别人的原话，这叫做直接
引语
(direct speech)
。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语
(indirect
spe ech)
。一般地讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从
句来表达。例如 ：
Mr. Black said,
“
I'm busy.
”
布菜克先生说：“我很忙”。
Mr. Black said
that he was busy
.
布菜克先生说他很忙。
二、直接引语是
陈述句
时
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时 ，用连词
that
引导，从句
中的人称、
时态、
指示代词、
时间状语、
地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1
、
人称的变化
He said ,
“
I
like
it
very much.
”
→
He said
_
very much.
He said,
“
You
told
me
this story.
”
→
He said that this story.
He said to me,
“
She
’
s
left
her
book in
your
room
”
.
He told me that left book in room.
2
、
时态的变化
（
1
）主句的谓语动词是一般过去时
直接引语
间接引语
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如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，
直
一般现在时
现在进行时
一般过去时
过去完成时
(
不变
)
接引语变间接引语时，
从句的谓语动
现在完成时
词在时态方面要作相应的变化。
直接
过去完成时
引语改为间接引语时
,
动词时态相应
变化表：
一般将来时
一般将来进行时
一般将来完成时
He said, “I usually watch TV on Sunday.”
→He said that he usually
watched TV on Sunday.
1.
He said, “I'm using the knife.”他说：“我正在用小刀。”
→He said that
he the knife.
他说他正在用小刀。
2.
She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”
→She said that she
from him since May.
said
，“I came to help you.”他说：“我来帮助你。”
→He said that he
to help me.
他说他来帮助我。
4.
He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”
→He said that he
his homework before supper.
5.
Zhou Lan said, “I'll do it after class.”
→Zhou Lan said that she
it after class.
注意：< br>直接引语如果是客观真理、
名人名言、
与一个具体的过去时间
连用说明客观事实 时，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
The teacher said, “The earth is round. ”
→The teacher said that the ea
rth is round.
（三
）一般疑问句
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一般 疑问句，变为间接英语时，谓语动词是
say
或
said
时，要改为
ask
或
asked
，由
if
或
whether
引 导。
He said,
“
Are you interested in English?
”
He interested in English.
She said,
“
Did you see him last night?
”
She him the night before.
特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。
“
What do you want?
”
he asked me.
He asked me .
“
What do you call your diary? She asked Ann.
She asked Anne her diary.
四．祈使句
转述祈使句时，在动词前加
to
，变成
tell
、
ask
，
order
sb
to
do
sth
即可
The hostess said to us ,
“
Please sit down.
”
The hostess us .
Father said to him ,
“
Go away.
”
Father him .
He said ,
“
Don
’
t make so much noise.
”
He the boys make so much noise.
即学即练：将直接引与改为间接引语
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