阅读理解大学英语六级阅读理解题冲刺辅导(十)

2021年1月24日发(作者：泰戈)
在线学
英语

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洛
基< br>英
语
，
中
国
在
线
英
语
教< br>育
领
导
品
牌


brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products?



A) The impact of the Great Depression.



B) The shrinking of overseas markets.



C) The destruction caused by the First World War.



D) The increased exports of European countries.



chief
concern
of
the
American
government
in
the
area
of
agriculture
in
the
1920s was ______.



A) to increase farm production














B) to establish agricultural laws



C) to prevent farmers from going bankrupt



D) to promote the mechanization of agriculture


Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to ______.



A) reduce their scale of production



B) make full use of their land



C) adjust the prices of their farm products



D) be self-sufficient in agricultural production


Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed
that the Act ______.



A) might cause greater scarcity of farm products



B) didn't give the Secretary of Agriculture enough power



C) would benefit neither the government nor the farmers



D) benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others


was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were
aimed at ______.



A) reducing the cost of farming



B) conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nation



C) lowering the burden of farmers



D) helping farmers without shifling the burden onto other taxpayers


In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to
recover
from
World
War
I
and
instituted
austerity
(
紧缩
)
programs
to
reduce
their
imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous
for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient.
They
were
paying
for
machinery,
seed,
and
fertilizer,
and
they
were
also
buying
consumer
goods.
The
prices
of
the
items
farmers
bought
remained
constant,
while
prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by
the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1939s.

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英语

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In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It
established
the
principle
of
direct
interference
with
supply
and
demand,
and
it
represented
the
first
national
commitment
to
provide
greater
economic
stability
for
farmers.
President Hoover's successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of
the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in
1933
was
the
Agricultural
Adjustment
Act,
which
was
subsequently
passed
by
Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production
through voluntary agreements with
farmers who were paid
to
take their
land out
of
use. A deliberate scarcity
of farm
products
was
planned in
an effort to
raise prices.
This
law
was
declared
unconstitutional
by
the
Supreme
Court
on
the
grounds
that
general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new
laws
were
passed
immediately
that
achieved
the
same
result
of
resting
soil
and
providing
flood-control
measures,
but
which
were
based
on
the
principle
of
soil
conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation's soil
was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense
of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could
buy farm machinery, hybrid (
杂交
) grain, and fertilizers.
author says that the powerful computers of today ______.



A) are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object



B) are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior



C) are not very different in their performance from those of the 50's



D) still cannot communicate with people in a human language


new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from ______.



A) the shift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of objects



B)
the
belief
that
human
intelligence
cannot
be
duplicated
with
logical,
step-by-step programs



C)
the
aspirations
of
scientists
to
duplicate
the
intelligence
of
a
ten-month-old
child






D) the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors
and brain cells



and
his
group
of
AI
researchers
have
been
making
enormous
efforts
to
______.



A) find a roundabout way to design powerful computers



B) build a computer using a clever network of switches



C) find out how intelligence developed in nature



D) separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought


's the author's opinion about the new AI movement?



A) It has created a sensation among artificial intelligence researchers but will soon
die out.



B) It's a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.

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C) It's more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific effort.



D)
It
may
prove
to
be
in
the
right
direction
though
nobody
is
sure
of
its
future
prospects.


of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase
(Line 3, Para. 4)?



A) The only approach to building an artificially intelligent computer.



B) The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence research.



C) The only area worth studying in computer science.



D) The only game they would like to play in town.


In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of
this
century,
computers
would
be
conversing
with
us
at
work
and
robots
would
be
performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they're nowhere close to
achieving
anything
remotely
resembling
these
early
aspirations
for
humanlike
behavior.
Never
mind
something
as
complex
as
conversation:
the
most
powerful
computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary
of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.




A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong.
The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most
abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with
logical,
step-by-step
programs.
A
new
movement
in
AI,
on
the
other
hand,
takes
a
closer look at the more roundabout way in
which nature came up with intelligence.
Many
of
these
researchers
study
evolution
and
natural
adaptation
instead
of
formal
logic
and
conventional
computer
programs.
Rather
than
digital
computers
and
transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early
efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement
is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.




Imitating the brain's neural (
神经的
) network is a huge step in the right direction,
says
computer
scientist
and
biophysicist
Michael
Conrad,
but
it
still
misses
an
important aspect of natural intelligence.
as if it were
made up of color-coded transistors
of
switches.
There
are
lots
of
important
things
going
on

inside
the
brain
cells
themselves.
from
the
pattern
recognition
proficiency
of
the
individual
molecules
that
make
up
each
brain
cell.
The
best
way
to
build
and
artificially
intelligent
device,
he
claims,
would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.




Right
now,
the
notion
that
conventional
computers
and
software
are
fundamentally
incapable
of
matching
the
processes
that
take
place
in
the
brain
remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow
AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.