洞虚拟语气倒装从句

2021年1月24日发(作者：factory)
Part One


虚拟语气
(Subjunctive Mood)
表示与事实相反的假设或将来不太可能实现的愿望。使用场合
:
1.

用于
if
引导的条件句中
:
1)

与过去事实相反
:
would / should / could / might + have done if…had done

I would have passed the English exam if you had helped me.
2)
与现在事实相反
:
would / should / could / might + v if…v
-ed (
但
be
的过去式通常用
were)
What would you do if you were me?
3)
与将来事实相反
:
would / should / could / might + v if…were to + v
或

should + v
We would hold a party if you were to arrive tomorrow.
*
主句中 的
should
通常用于第一人称，从句中的
should
各人称通用。
*
在
if
引导的虚拟条件从句中可以把
if
省略，并 将
had, should
或
were
提到句首。如：

a. I would have passed the English exam if you had helped me. =
I would have passed the English exam had you helped me.
b. What would you do if you were me? =

What would you do were you me?
c. We would hold a party if you were to arrive tomorrow. =
We would hold a party were you to arrive tomorrow.
*
如果从句和主 句中的时间不一致，则要分别使用相对应的动词形式。这种虚拟条件从句被
称作
“
错综 条件句
”
。

For example:
a.

If I hadn’t caught you when you fell from the ladder, you would not be smiling now.

b.

If you had married me at that time you would be happier now.
*
英语中还可以用
but for…
（要不是
…
）和
without…
来表示虚拟条件
:
a. But for your immediate help, I would have failed.
b. But for air, there would not be life on the earth.
c. Without the child, the woman would commit suicide because her husband often beats her black
and green.
2
．用于名词性从句中
---(should) do:
1)
用于主语从句中：

（
1
）
It is + (v.) p.p + that sb (should) do sth
*v.---advise, ask, command, desire, demand, direct, insist, move
（提议）
, maintain (
坚持认为；
维修
), order, persist
（坚持）
, propose, recommend, request, require, second
（附议）
, suggest, etc
It was required by my English teacher that I should spend at least 3 hours on English.
(2) It is + adj + that sb (should) do sth
*adj--- advisable, critical
（
关键的）
, desirable, essential
（
必不可少的）
, indispensable
（必要的）
,
necessary, vital
（关键的）
, etc
It was necessary that I should spend at least 3 hours on English every day.
2)
用于宾语从句中：

V + that sb (should) do sth
*v.--- advise, ask, command, desire, demand, direct
（要求）
, insist, move, maintain, order, persist,
propose, recommend, request, require, second, suggest, etc
a. My English teacher required
that I should spend at least 3 hours on English
.
b. My mother insisted that I (should) visit the grandma with her.---
That I (should) visit the grandma with her was insisted by my mother.---
It was insisted that I (should) visit the grandma with her by my mother.
*It is + p.p. + that sb (should) do sth
3)
用于表语从句中：

N + is + that sb (should) do sth
*n.---advice,
command,
desire,
demand,
direction,
insistence,
order,
persistence,
proposal,
recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, etc

4)
用于同位语从句中
:
…n + that sb (should) do sth

*n.---advice,
command,
desire,
demand,
direction,
insistence,
order,
persistence,
proposal,
recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, etc
3.
用于
wish
后的宾语从句中
:
1)
与过去事实相反
---wish that sb + had + p.p
a. I wish that I had been there.
b. He wishes that he had never got married.
2)
与现在事实相反
---wish that sb + v-ed ( be---were )
a. I wish that I were a millionaire.
b. She wishes that she were at home with her parents now.
3)
与将来事实相反
---wish that sb + should / would / might / could + v
a. I wish that I could fly to the moon some day.
b. He wishes that he would go to America for further study.
*If
only…..!
“
要是
…
就好 了
!”
也是用来表示愿望的一个句型
,
该句型后面从句中的动词形式
和
wish
后面所接的从句中的动词形式完全一致。

For example:
a.

If only you had married me!
b.

If only he were a teacher of English!
c.

If only she would come to see me tomorrow!
4.
用于
would rather (=would sooner)
后面所接的宾语从句中：

1
）表示和过去事实相反
---
would rather that sb + had + p.p
For example:
He would rather that he had never been lazy in study in high school.
2
）表示和现在或将来事实相反
---
would rather that sb + v-ed (be---were)
For example:
a.

I would rather that he were not ill.
b.

She would rather that her parents allowed her to work in Beijing after her graduation from
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
5.
用于
as if (=as though)
后面所接的方式状语从句或表语从句中：

该从句中的动词形式和
wish
后面所接的从句中的动词形式完全一致。

For example:
a.

She behaves as if she had done all the job by herself.
b.

You are talking as if you were my father.
c.

She seems as if she would get married soon.
6.
用于
lest
（以防）后面所接的目的状语从句中
---
lest + sb (should) do sth
For example:
We examined the engine carefully before we set off lest it (should) go wrong on the way.
7.
用于
It is time
that…
句型中
---
It is time that sb + v-ed
For example:
a.

It is time that he went home.
b.

It is time that we started learning.

Part Two



倒装
(Inversion)---
全部倒装和部分倒装

*
全部倒装
---
就是把整个谓语部分提到主语的前面。

a. In this book can be found an article about the harm of smoking.
b. Here comes the bus.
*
以
here,
there,
in,
out,
up,
down
等表示方位的副词开头并且主语是名词的句子要用全部倒
装。

又如
:
a.

There goes the man.
b.

Down came the monkey from the tree.
还有的全部倒装是修辞的需要。

比如
In this book can be found an article about the harm of smoking.
也可以不用倒装，而写成：

In this book an article can be found about the harm of smoking. *
部分倒装
---
就是把谓语中的助动词、
情态动词或
be动词提到主语的前面，
而谓语的其他部
分仍然放在主语之后。

*
部分倒装都是语法需要。英语中要用部分倒装的情形如下：

1
．以
only +
状语开头的句子：

a. Only with you can I be really happy.
b. Only through much practice can we learn English well.
c. Only yesterday did I learn that my ex- girlfriend had got married.
2.
以否定副词或具有否定意义的副词（短语）开头的句子：

a. Never have I learned Spanish.
b. Hardly can I use English to communicate with foreigners.
*
英语中的否定副词或具有否定意义的副词（短语）常见的有
never,
hardly,
little,
seldom,
scarcely,
rarely,
no
sooner
(…than…),
neither,
nor,
not
only…(
but
also…);
under
no
circumstances, in no way, by no means, at no time, on no account, on no condition, in no case, etc
By no means will I give in to my boyfriend.
3.
当
so
表示 前一个肯定分句的谓语部分适用于另一个人（物）并且放在句首的时候：

a. I like English, so does he.
b. Mary can speak Japanese, so can my mother.
c. I went to America last autumn, so did my friend.