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初中英语语法中考精品总复习教案
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虚拟语气
1
)虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是
事实,或与事实相反。虚 拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。
2
)条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为 非真实条件句。非真实条件
句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
1.
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况有可能发生。各种结构参见下表:
条件从句
主句
shall/will
+
动
词
原
句型
形
一般现在时
祈使句
情
态
动词一
般
现在
时
例如:
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
如果他来,会带小提琴来的。
典型例题
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.
will rain
B. rains
C. rained
D. is rained
答案
B
。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1
)在真实条件句中,主句不能用
be going to
表示将来,该用
shall, will.
(错)
If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对)
If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2
)表示真理时,主句谓语动词不用
shall
(
will
)
+
动词原形,而直接用一般
现在时的动词形式。
2.
非真实条件句
1
)虚拟语气可以表示 过去,现在和将来的情况,时态的基本特点是时态往后
推移。
a.
与现在事实相反的假设
条件从句
主句
1
/
7
一
般
过
去
时
(
be
用
should
(
would
)等
+
动词原
were
)
形
例如:
If they were here, they would help you.
如果他们在这儿,
会帮助你的。
含义:
They are not here, they can’t help you.
b.
与过去事实相反的假设
条件从句
过去完成时
主句
should
(
would
)等
+
have+
过
去分词
例如:
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
如果
他昨天来的话,我会把这件事告诉他的。
含义:
He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
c.
表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想
条件从句
一般过去时
were+
不定式
should+
动词原形
例如:
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
如果你将来成功了,
一切都会好的。
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
含义:
You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.
3.
混合条件句
有时,
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,
主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式
因时间 不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如:
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
如果你昨天
问过他,今天就知道做什么了。
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。
)
If it had rained last night
(过去)
, it would be very cold today
(现在)
.
如果昨
晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。
2
/
7
主句
should/would
等
+
动词原形
4.
虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有
were,
should,
或
had
时
,
可省略
if
,再把
were,
should
或
had
移到从句的句首,实行倒装。例如:
Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help
us.
他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you
would have met him.
你来得早一点,就碰到他了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be
saved.
假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。
注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词
'be'
的过去时态一律用
,不用
was
,
即在从 句中
be
用
were
代替。例如:
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿,
一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I
B. I were
C. Were I
D. Was I
答案
C.
在虚拟条件状语中如果有
were,
should,
had
这三个词,通常将
if
省略,
主语提前
,
变成
were,
should,
had
+
主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从
句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如 我们可说
Were
I
not to do,
而不能说
Weren't I to do
。
5.
特殊的虚拟语气词
should
1
)在主语从句中的应用
It
is
demanded
/
necessary
/
a
pity
+
that…
等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用
should
加动词原形,
should
可省略。
可用的词有三类
It
is
suggested,
ordered,
required,
proposed,
demanded,
requested, insisted
等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange
等
3
/
7
that
(
should
)
do
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