粘纤word完整版初中英语现在完成时详解

2021年1月24日发(作者：砍柴)

现在完成时


一、现在完成时构成


构成：现在完成时由助动词
have +
过去分词构成，助动词
have
有人称和数的变化。第三人称
单数用
has
，其余用
have.

现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上
not
、疑问式是把助动词提到 主语之前。以
study

为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：


否定式


I have not (haven't) studied
…
.

You have not (haven't) studied
…
.

He has not (hasn't) studied
…
.

否定疑问式


Have I not (Haven't I) studied
…
?

Have you not (Haven't you) studied
…
?


Has he not (Hasn't he) studied
…
?

疑问式


Have I studied
…
?

Have you studied
…
?

Has he studied
…
?

简单回答（肯定
/
否定）


Yes, you have. No, you haven't.

Yes, I have. No, I haven't.


n', he has. No, he has


二、现在完成时用法、现在完成时通常表 示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人
强调的是该动作
1
或状态对现在的结果或影响。

My daughter has just gone out.
我女儿刚出去。

I'm sure we've met before.
我肯定我们以前见过面。

她到了。
She has arrived.

、
表示持续到现在的动作或状态，
往往和包括现在在内 的表示一段时间的状语连用，
如
2 yet
等。
如：
lately, for
…
, since
…
,recently, already, just,


这些日子我没有收到她的信。
I haven't heard from her these days.




最近我们没有见到你。
We haven't seen you recently.


他们离开已经两年了。
They have been away for two years.


She has been with us since Monday.


时段
for+
①

②……过去一个时间点
（译为：
自从以来）
since++ago since+
③时段

从句
（过去时）
since+
④

时段
It is+
⑤
+since+
从句（过去时）
Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

注意：


since
和
for
的区别


since
后接时间点，如
1993
，
last term, yesterday, the time I got there

for
后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”
，如
ten years, a while, two days
等。


3
、
表示短暂意义的动词如
arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die
等，
在完成时当中不能和表示
一段时 间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：


He has come here for 2 weeks.


×


The old man has died for 4 months.


×


They have left only for 5 minutes.


×


4
、
has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in)
的区别


Have/Has gone(to) :
去了
(
现在不在说话现场，可能在路上和已经到
)

Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.

Have/Has been (to) :
去过（已不在去过的地方）


My father has been to Shanghai.

Have/has been in
：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）