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(外研版)初中英语笔记
初二
(下)
Module 1 Hobbies
1.
基本句型:
⑴主语
+
系动词
+
表语(
+
状语)
Tom is very happy today.
⑵主语
+
谓语(不及物动词)
(
+
状语)
The first book came out in 2003.
⑶主语
+
谓 语(及物动词)
+
宾语(
+
状语)
He wrote a book in senior high school.
⑷主语
+
谓语(及物动词)
+
间接宾语
+
直接宾语(
+
状语)
His hobby has brought him enjoyment.
⑸主语
+
谓语(及物动词)
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语(
+
状语)
I didn
’
t want you to work too hard.
⑹
there be+
主语
+
状语
There is a very nice cup on the table.
There are many story books in his schoolbag.
一般来说,置于句首的多是时间、条件和原因 状语,置于谓语部
分之后的是地点、方式、原因、目的、时间和伴随成分。
2. tidy up
“整理;收拾”
。当宾语是代词时,要放在
tidy
和
up
中间;
当宾语是名词时,既可放在中间,也可放在其后。如:
Your room is untidy. Can you tidy it up?
The students tidied up the classroom.
(类似的还有
turn on, turn off, put on, write down
等动词
+
副词形式)
3. listen to sb. do sth.
听见某人做某事。
I often listen to him play the violin.
(
类似于
see, hear
等后面可以接不带
to
的动词不定式
)
4.
当
play
后面接表示乐器的名词时,
需要在该名词前加上定冠词
the;
如:
play the piano,
play the flute
(笛子)
当
play
后面接表示球类的名词时,该名词前不接任何冠词。
如:
play basketball, play football
5. as well as
“也;还;并且”
A as well as B
(强调
A
而不是
B
)
,如:
She is clever as well as pretty.
We all want to visit Beijing as well as Shanghai.
6. come out
“出版;出现;
(秘密等)传出;结果是”
7. as a result
“结果”
,相当于
so,
前者用逗号隔开,后者反之。
He had some bad meat. As a result, he felt ill.
as a result of
“因为
……”
8. collect
v.
收集;
collector
n.
收集者
have a collection of
…
“
收集
……”
如:
I have a collect of dolls.
9. take up
占用(时间、空间)
The job takes up all my time.
The big desk takes up too much space.
10. at the end of
在
……
末尾
11.
⑴
sth. +happen+
时间
/
地点
“某时(某地)发生了某事
The story happened in Beijing in 2008.
⑵
sth. happen to sb.
“某人出了某事(常指不好的)
”
A car accident happened to her this morning.
⑶
sb.
happen to do
sth.
或
It happens/happens that
…
某人碰巧做某
事。
I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street yesterday.
Module 2 Friendship
1.
宾语从句(即放在动词后面作宾语的句子)
:
㈠宾语从句的三要素:
引导词:
that
,
if/whether
,疑问词
语序:
陈述语序
(较特殊的如:
He asked me what was the matter.
)
时态:①主句的时态是现在时,从句可用任意所需时态。如:
Please tell us where he is.
②主句的时态是过去式,从句要用相应的过去式。如:
He told me that he was tired.
③从句叙说普遍真理或客观规律时,则用一般现在时。
如:
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
原句式
一般现在时
现在进行时
(am,is,are+v.-ing)
现在完成时
(have/has+
过去分词
)
一般将来时(
will+
动词原形
/
am,is,are going to +v.)
㈡
that
引导的宾语从句:
(多数可省略)
谓语动词表肯定概念,接
that
引导的从句的谓语动词不可有疑
问的含义, 多是表示观点、看法、意念、要求等方面概念的词,
如:
believe, feel, hear, hope, expect, explain, prefer, promise, report, say,
see, tell, think, understand, wish, warn
等。
Betty thinks (that) trees improve the air.
I hope that it will be snow this winter.
㈢
whether/if
引导的宾语从句:
原句式为一般疑问句时就用
whether/if
“ 是否”
,常表达不确定
概念。如:
He asks whether/if we will go fishing on Sunday.
wh ether
与
if
一般可通用,但以下情况只用
whether
:< br>
★和
or not
连用:
I don
’
t know whether he will come or not.
宾语从句
一般过去时
过去进行时(
was,were+v.-ing
)
过去完成时(
had+
过去分词)
过去将来时
(would+
动词原形
/
was,were going to +v.)
★动词不定式前:
He didn
’
t know whether to stay or not.
★介词后
:
I’
m not interested in whether she will go shopping.
★宾语从句位于句首;
< br>★带有
discuss
(讨论)
、
decided
(决定)< br>、
doubt
(怀疑)等词。
㈣疑问词引导的宾语从句:
(
who, when, where, what, why, how
…
)
注:在疑问词引导的宾语从句中,一定要用陈述句语序。
He asks how we can help protect the environment.
They haven
’
t decided where they should go for the holiday.
2. a couple of
“一些,几个”
;
They will be back in a couple of weeks.
a couple of
作主语时,谓语动词用单数:
There is a couple of boys waiting for you.
3. day by day
“
一天比一天地;每天;日益”
,指不断发生变化的。
He grew stronger day by day.
day after day
“一天天地”
,指不断重复的。
4.
①
remember doing sth.
记得曾经做过某事。
I remember meeting her at a party once.
②
remember to do sth.
记住要去做某事。
Remember to close the windows before you go out.
5. find+
复合宾语
⑴
find+
宾语
+
名词
The teacher finds the girl a good singer.
⑵
find+
宾语
+
形容词
I find English grammar very difficult.
⑶
find+ it+
宾语补足语
+
动词不定式
He found it very hard to answer the question.
⑷
find +
宾语
+
介词短语(或过去分词,现在分词)
I found the cat under the bed.
6. good luck with sth.
good luck to sb.
7. by the way
顺便说
in the way
挡路;妨碍
on one
’
s way/ on the way
在路上
8. worry about=be worried about
“担心
……
”
Don
’
t worry about me. I am not a child any moer.
9.
①
far away
“遥远的”
,在句中做表语、状语和后置定语。
(be) far away from
远离
……
The school far away from my home.
②
faraway
“遥远的”
,可做名词的前置定语。
He lives in a faraway village.
10. lonely
“孤独的”
,指心理感受;
alone
独单;独自(无旁人)
I’
m not lonely though I am alone.
11. make friends with
与
……
交朋友
12. be close to
离
……
近
Module 3 on the radio
1. to +v.
与
v.-ing
作宾语:
一般来说,不定式表示将来的动作或行为,而
v.-ing
形式 表示经常
性的、一般性的动作或行为及正在进行的动作或行为。
只接
to+v.
的
want, hope, wish,
decide, expect, plan,
agree, promise
…
2.
答谢时常用的表达方式:
Don
’
t mention it.
Not at all.
You
’
re welcome.
That
’
s all right.
It
’
s my pleasure.
只接
v.-ing
的
enjoy, finish, mind,
practice, keep on
…
接
to
或
v.-ing
的
like,
love,
begin,
start,
continue, hate.
(
以上意义差别不大
)
try, mean,
remember,
forget,
stop
…
(
以上意
义差别大
)
3.
①
look out=watch out=be careful
“小心;当心”
②
look out for sb. / sth.
“留心某人或某物”
。
.
Look out for snake!
③
look out of
向外看;
look down
向下看;
look up
向上看。
4. need to do sth.
需要做某事。
We need to speak English well.
need doing sth. =stn. need to be done.
某物需要
……
Her room needs to be cleaned.
5. keep doing sth.
一直做某事;继续做某事。
They kept talking about it.
6.
①
prepare sth.
准备某物。
Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen.
②
prepare for sth.=get ready for
为
……
做准备
③
prepare to do sth.
准备做某事
7.
①
explain sth. to sb.
向某人解释某物
The teacher explained the problem to class.
②
explain+
从句
He explained why he was late for school.
8. seem
做连系动词,
“似乎;好像;看起来”
①
seem+
名词。
Lucy seems a very clever girl.
②
seem+
形容词。
He seems quite happy.
③
seem+
动词不定式。
The man seemed to be ill.
④
seem+
介词短语。
They seem in high spirits.
⑤
it seems +that
从句
=sb. seems to do sth.
It seems that she
’
s right.
⑥
it seems(ed)+as if/ as though
从句
It seems as if it
’
s going to rain.
9.
①
noise
噪音;吵闹声
Don
’
t make any noise in class.
②
voice
“声音,噪声”
,多指人的声音。
The singer
’
s voice is so sweet.
③
sound
“声音;
声响”
,大自然的声音(人声,鸟声,
机器轰鸣)
The story sounds interesting.
Module 4 New technology
1. if
从句㈠㈡∶
if
引导的条件状语从句表示“如果”
。
⑴
if
从句
+
祈使句:
if
从句用一般现在时,祈使句的谓语动词用动词原形
;if< br>从句可
以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后。如:
If you want to go, please tell me.
Look at our website if the camera does not work.
⑵
if
从句
+
陈述句:
if
从句中用一般现在时,表示将来的一种条件,从句中可以加时
间状语;
当
if
表将来条件时,
主句用一般将来时,
从句用一般现在时。
If it doesn
’
t rain tomorrow, we
’
ll go to the Great Wall.
If I play games on it, it will go wrong.
2. connect
“连接”
connect sth. to/ with
…
如:
Could you connect the printer to the computer?
3.
“
bite (hit) sb. on/ in the+
身体部位名词”
,表示咬(打)某人某部
位。一般 柔软多肉的部位用
in
,如:
face, leg, stomach, eye;
一般坚硬结实的部位用
on
,如:
foot, hand, head, nose, shoulder
。
They hit him on the head.
4.
⑴
lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb.
把某物借给某人;
Betty lent her MP3 player to Mars.
⑵
borrow…
from
…
借入;
Allen borrowed
¥
2000 from her parents yesterday.
⑶
keep
—
kept
—
kept ,
借多久,是延续性动词,可与时间段连用。
He has kept the book for two weeks.
5. save one
’
s life
“挽救某人的生命”
The doctors saved that boy
’
s life.
The doctors saved people
’
s lives.
6.
①
be / get ready for sth.
为某事做好准备。
②
be/ get ready to do sth.
乐于
/
愿意去做某事。
He is always ready to help others.
Module 5 Problems
1.
①
rather than
“是
……
而不是
……”
“与其
……
不如
……”
Rather I than you am the winner.
而我比你是胜利者。
You rather than I
are
going to camping.
是你而不是我要去要野营。
②
rather A than B
“
B
肯定不会做
A
将要做的事”如:
Rather you than me!
你行,我可不行!
③
would rather (do) than (do)
或
would (do) rather than (do)
“
宁愿
……
而不愿”
。
如:
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the park.
The children would walk there rather than take a bus.
④
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
“
宁愿
……
而不愿”
。
2.
①
warn sb. about
提醒
/
警告某人注意某人某事。
He warned me about pickpockets.
②
warn sb. (not) to do sth.
提醒
/
警告某人(不要)做某事。
We warned Tony not to drive so fast.
3.
口语中表示“真遗憾!
/
多可惜啊!
”
,如:
It
’
s a sham. /
That’s
a sham. / what a sham (pity).
4. (be) proud of
“以
……
为荣;为
……
感到自豪”
Jack is very proud his model plane.
5. go wrong
出毛病;出故障;出错
6. be angry with sb.
生某人的气
7. at least
至少
8. beat
和
win
“赢”
①
beat
—
beat
—
beaten
“
击败”
,
后接人
sb.
,
团队
team
,
国家
a nation
。
I believe Joke will beat all the runners.
②
win
后接事物,比赛、奖项、战争
……
We won the game.
9. refuse to do sth.
拒绝做某事。
The singer refused to sing to the rich woman.
10.
①
such
形容词“如此;这样”
,后接名词。
如:
such (beautiful) flowers
②
so
副词“如此地;这么”
,后接形容词或其他副词
如:
so lovely a place,
so happy
③
such
和
so
后接单数可数名词时,词序不同:
so+ adj. +a (an) +n.
/
such+ a (an) +adj. +n.
如:
so nice a coat = such a nice coat
④后接名词复数或不可数名词时,只用
such
。但后有
much, little,
few
等修饰时,只用
so.
11.
“特殊疑 问词
+
动词不定式”构成不定式短语,可做主语、宾语、
表语等。
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
Do you know how to play bridge?
The question is how to learn English well.
12.
辨析:
⑴
another
“
(不定数目中的)另一个,再一个”
My cell phone is old. My father buys another cell phone for me.
⑵
other
adj.
“别的”
,
泛指其余的人或物,
后接可数名词的单复
数。如:
ot her people.
⑶
the other
(两个中的)一个
……
另一个
……
.
,
常见形式:
one
…
the other
…
如:
Mr. Lu has two sons. One is teacher, the other is a nurse.
⑷
others
n.
泛指其余的人或物,其后不接可数名词单复 数。与
some
对比使用时,意为“有些”
。如:
Some work hard, others
don’t
.
⑸
the others
“
其余所有的”
,表示在某一范围内的其他全部。
There are 30 students in our class, 20 passed the exam, and the
others all failed.
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