2021年1月23日发(作者：lacoste怎么读)
简介

Benjamin
Franklinwas
born
in
Milk
Street,
Boston,
on
January
6,
1706.
His
father,
Josiah
Franklin,
was
a
tallow
chandler
who
married
twice,
and
of
his
seventeen
children
Benjamin
was
the
youngest
son.
His
schooling
ended
at ten, and at twelve he was bound apprentice
学徒
to his brother James,
a printer, who published the

To this journal he became a contributor, and later was for a time its
nominal
editor.
But
the
brothers
quarreled,
and
Benjamin
ran
away,
going
first
to
New
York,
and
thence
to
Philadelphia,
where
he
arrived
in
October,
1723. He soon obtained work as a printer, but after a few months he was
induced
by
Governor
Keith
to
go
to
London,
where,
finding
Keith's
promises
empty, he

worked as a compositor again till he was broughtbackto Philadelphia by
a merchant named Denman, who gave him a position in
his business. On Denman's death he returned to his former trade, and
shortly set up a printing house of his own from which he published
Pennsylvania Gazette,
he made a medium for agitating a variety of local reforms.

In 1732 hebegan to issue his famous
《穷理查德
年鉴》
，
for
the
enrichment
浓缩
of
which
he
borrowed
or
composed
整理
those
pithy
精辟的
utterances
言论
of worldly wisdom which are the basis of a
large
part
of
his
popularreputation.
In
1758,
the
year
in
which
he
ceases
停止
writing
for
the
Almanac,
he
printed
in
it

Abraham's
Sermon,
now regarded as the most famous piece
文章
of literature produced in
Colonial
America.
Meantime
Franklin
was
concerning
himself
more
and
more
with
public
affairs.
He
set
forth
a
scheme
for
an
Academy,
which
was
taken
up later and finally developed into theUniversity of Pennsylvania; and
he
founded
an

Philosophical
Society
for
the
purpose
of
enabling
scientific
men
to
communicate
their
discoveries
to
one
another.
He
himself
had
already
begun
his
electrical
researches,
which,
with
other
scientific
inquiries,
he
called on
in
the
intervals
of
money-making
and
politics
to
the
end
of
his
life. In
1748
he
sold
his
business
in
order
to
get
leisure
for study,
having
now acquired
comparative wealth; and in
a few years
he
had made discoveries that gave him a reputation with the learned
throughout Europe.


Benjamin Franklin
(January 17, 1706
–
April 17, 1790) was one of the
Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a
leading
author
and
printer,
political
theorist,
politician,
postmaster,
scientist,
inventor,
satirist,
civic
activist,
statesman,
and diplomat.
As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and
the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding
electricity.
He
invented
the
lightning
rod,
bifocals,
the
Franklin
stove,
a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first
public lending library in America and the first fire department in
Pennsylvania.
Franklin earned the title of
indefatigable
campaigning
for
colonial
unity;
as
an
author
and
spokesman
in
London
for
several
colonies,
then
as
the
first
United
States
Ambassador
to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation.
[2]
Franklin was
foundational
in
defining
the
American
ethos
as
a
marriage
of
the
practical
and
democratic
values
of
thrift,
hard
work,
education,
community
spirit,
self- governing institutions, and opposition to authoritarianism both
political and religious, with the scientific and tolerant values of the
Enlightenment. In the words of historian Henry Steele Commager,
Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects,
the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat.
[3]
To Walter
Isaacson,
this
makes
Franklin

most
accomplished
American
of
his
age
and the most influential in inventing the type of society America would
become.
[4]

Franklin, always proud of his working class roots, became a successful
newspaper editor and printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the
colonies. He was also partners with William Goddard and Joseph Galloway
the
three
of
whom
published
the
Pennsylvania
Chronicle,
a
newspaper
that
was
known
for
its
revolutionary
sentiments
and
criticisms
of
the
British
monarchy in the American colonies.
[5]
He became wealthy publishing
Poor
Richard's Almanack
and
The Pennsylvania Gazette
. Franklin gained
international renown as a scientist for his famous experiments in
electricity and for his many inventions, especially the lightning rod.
He
played
a
major
role
in
establishing
the
University
of
Pennsylvania
and
was elected the first president of the American Philosophical Society.
Franklin
became
a
national
hero
in
America
when
he
spearheaded
the
effort
to have Parliament repeal the unpopular Stamp Act. An accomplished
diplomat,
he
was
widely
admired
among
the
French
as
American
minister
to
Paris and was a major figure in the development of positive
Franco-American relations. For many years he was the British postmaster
for the colonies, which enabled him to set up the first national
communications
network.
He
was
active
in
community
affairs,
colonial
and
state
politics,
as
well
as
national
and
international
affairs.
From
1785
to
1788,
he
served
as
governor
of
Pennsylvania.
Toward
the
end
of
his
life,
he freed his slaves and became one of the most prominent abolitionists.