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“
特殊疑问词+动词不定式
”
的用法归纳
一.
由两部分构成:疑问词和动词不定式(
wh-+to do
)
。疑问词部分包括疑问
代词
who, whom, what, which
和
whose
以及疑问副词
when,
wh ere
和
how
。
此外,
连接词“whether”也适用
.
它
主要具有以下几种功能:
⑴当主语,如:
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
● Where to live is a problem.
⑵当宾语,常接在
forget,
find
out,
discuss,
decide,
tell,
teach,
know,
learn,
wonder, remember
等动词之后作宾语如:
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
● He could not tell whom to trust.
● Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当表语,如:
● The problem is where to find the
financial aid.
● The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语,如:
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
●
The question whether to confess troubled the girl.
⑸用于宾语补足语
,
双重宾语。某些动词后可接“
sb.+
疑问词
+
不定式”构成的双重宾语,这
类动词常用的有
advise, ask, show, teach, tell
等如:
● I can
tell you where to get this book.
●
I ask her how to learn English.
●
He will advise you what to do.
●
Will you show me how to use the machine?
(6)
作介词宾语:某些介词后面可接
疑问词 +不定式
作宾语,这类介词常用的有
about, as, from, in, of, on,
with
等。例如:
He has no idea of how to answer this question.
他不知道怎样回答这个问题。
Della had only $$1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.
德拉仅有
$$1.87
为来吉姆买一件礼
物。
(which
是关系代词
)
You have a number of topics from which to choose.
你有很多题目可以选择。
(which
是关
系代词
)
二“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构可以把复合句转为简单句。
如:
I don’t know what I’ll do next. = I don’t know what to do next.
The doctor told him when he should take the medicine. = The doctor told him when to
take the medicine.
同 样,
因为“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构相当于一个名词性从句,
所以可用同等成分的从句代替,从而把简单句转换为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语,并把不定
式改为 适当的形式的谓语即可。如:
Which to choose is important. = Which we should choose is important.
The question is where to go. = The question is where we should go.
三、“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”这种结构可构成独立问句。如:
What to do?
怎么办?
How to get rid of the trouble?
如何摆脱困境?
按照英语语法的习惯,疑问副词
why
后不直接跟动词不定式,如:
误:
I don
’
t know why to choose that dictionary.
正:
I don
’
t know why you must choose that dictionary.
但它可以接不带
to
的动词不定式,即动词原形,构成
why do sth./ why not do sth.
肯定形式是
表示某动作是不必要的或没有意义 的,而否定形式是表示向某人提建议和表达看法,相当于祈
使句。
Today is Sunday. Why not go out to relax yourself?
Why pay more at other shops? We have the best value.
练习:
1.I have no idea when ___ her the bad news.
A. will tell B. telling C. tell D. to tell
2.
—
Will you please show me how to do the role-play exercise?
—
Sure. Now let me tell you ____ first.
A. which to do
B. how to do
C. when to do
D. what to do
3
. I need your help because I don’t know ____.
A. how to do it
B. how to do
C. what to do it
D. what should I do
4.
—
How are you feeling here?
—
It’s quite hot. I don’t know ____ to go or stay.
A. how
B. when
C. whether
D. where
5.
—
I don’t know ____ to do with this maths problem.
It’s too hard.
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