2021年1月23日发(作者：起源于)
Section I Use of English




Directions:




Read
the
following
text.
Choose
the
best
word(s)
for
each
numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)




Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___
that
normal-weight
people
are
in
fact
at
higher
risk
of
some
diseases
compared
to
those
who
are
overweight.
And
there
are
health
conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For
example,
heavier
women
are
less
likely
to
develop
calcium
deficiency
than
thin
women.
___3___
among
the
elderly,
being
somewhat
overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.




Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to
be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass
index,
or
BMI.
BMI
___7__
body
mass
divided
by
the
square
of
height.
An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal
weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered
obese.
Obesity,
___8___,can
be
divided
into
moderately
obese,
severely obese, and very severely obese.




While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity
is
probably
less
a
matter
of
weight
than
body
fat.
Some
people
with
a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may
be
in
poor
11 .For
example,
many
collegiate
and
professional
football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is
low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat
but a 13 BMI.




Today
we
have
a(an)
_14
_
to
label
obesity
as
a overweight
are
sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes
_16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower
prospects for ,employers,and health professionals have been shown
to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend
to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has
long been a problem in schools.




Negative
attitudes
toward
obesity,
_18_in
health
concerns,
have
stimulated
a
number
of
anti-obesity own
hospital
system
has
banned
sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted
weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle
Obama launched a
high-visibility
campaign
_20_
childhood
obesity,
even
claiming
that
it represents our greatest national security threat.




1. [A] denied
[B] conduced
[C] doubled [D] ensured

、【答案】
B concluded



【解析】

题干中，一系列的研究已经
_____
，事实上，正常体 重的人
的患病风险要高于超重的人。
根据句义，
后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此
concluded
符合题意，其他选项
denied(
否认)
与意义相反，
doubled(
翻倍
)
与题意较远，
ensured(
确保
)
不符合题意，因为研究不能确
保后面的事

实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为
B
。




2.
[A] protective [
B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome

、【答案】
A protective



【解析】

题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有
_____
。根据
前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护
作用。
Dangerous
和文章意思相反，
sufficient
表示充足，
t roublesome
表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为
A
。




3. [A] Instead [B] However
[C] Likewise
[D] Therefore

、【答案】
C likewise



【解析】
第三句话中，
较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。
_____
，
在老年 人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词

语。
A
选 项
instead
表示逆接的句意关系，
B
选项
however也表示逆接，
D
选项
therefore
表示因此，
只有
C
选项
likewise
意为同样

地
;
也，
而且。
因此正确答案为
C
。




4.
[A] indicator
[B] objective [C] origin [D] example

、【答案】
A indicator



【解析】本句话 中，
_____
，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的
_____
。
A< br>选项，表示指示器，指标。
B
选项
objective
表示客观
;C
选

项
origin
表示来源，
D
选项example
表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指
出超重代表了健康，因此超重 是健康的指标。因此正确答案为
A
。




5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance
[D] concern

、【答案】
D concern


< br>【解析】
本句话的句意是，
需要更加
_____
是，
很难对肥 胖加以定义。
A
、
impact(
印象
);B
、
r elevance(
相关性
);C
、
assistance(
辅助
);D
、
concern(
关注
)
。前文已经说到肥胖事实 上有利健康，但是又面临一个问
题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关

注的是对肥的定义，其他选
项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为
D
。




6.
[A] in terms of
[B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of

、【答案】
A in terms of



【解析】题 干中
,
肥胖经常
______
体质指数，或称为
BMI
来定 义。
A
、
in terms of
，根据……，就……而言。
B
、
In case of
表示在某种情况
下，
C
、
in favor of
表示赞成，以……来取代，
D
、
in respect of
，关< br>于……。因此正确答案为
A
。在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用
BMI
作为
衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，方便日后
做题。




7. [A] measures [B] determines
[C] equals [
D] modifies

、【答案】
C equals



【解析】本题题干中
BMI_____
体重除以身高的平方，这里是用文字叙
述了
BMI
指数得出的方法，
也就是一 个数学公式，
所以
equal
符合题

意。
A
measure(
测量
)
、
B
determine
表示确定
;D
modify(
修订
)
。句义就是
BMI
等于体重除以身高的平方。




8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast
[C] in turn
[D] in part

、【答案】
C in turn



【解析】本题题干中，肥胖
_____
能够 分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极
度肥胖。
A
、
in
essence(
事实上、实际上
);
B
、
in
contrast
(
相反地
);C
、
in turn(
依次
); D
、
in part (
部分地
)< br>。本句是将肥胖依次分级，所以正
确答案为
C
。




9.
[A]
complicated
[B]
conservative
[C]
variable
[D]
straightforward

、【答案】
D straightforward



【解析】题干中，相比之下，这样的 数字标准看起来
_____
，实际上
不是的。
A
、
comp licated
(
复杂
);B
、
conservative(保守
)
、
C
、
variable(
可
变的);D
、
straightforward(
直截了当
);
这里 的数字标准指

的就是肥胖指
数，肥胖指数分为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以
A
复杂不正确，
B
选项
保守，用于描述一种数学公式，不恰当，一名患者或 一名受试者的
BMI
一
般

是确定的，
因此可变的也不符合 题意，
D
选项
straightforward
表示直
截了当，符合 题意，因此正确答案为
D
。



??????
10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless

【答案】
B while



【解析】本句中，一些人有 很高的
BMI
，实际上身材正好，
_____
其他
人有较低的
BMI
指数，
可能
_____
。
从前半句我们可以看出，
有些人

的
BMI
指数很高，应该属于体重肥胖的人，事实上身材正好，这里 说明的是反常
的现象，
后半句是其他人的
BMI
指数较低，
而
_____
较差。
A
、
so(
所

以
) ;B
、
while(
而
);C
、
since(
因为
);D
、
unless(
除非
)
四个选项中只有
w hile
有转
折的含义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确

答案为
B
。




11.
[A] shape
[B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste

、【答案】
A shape



【解析】本题可以简化为：Some … are fit, while others … may
be in poor .
不难看出，前后意义相反，且
fit(
体型健康
)
与
in poor
对
应，与之最相关是
A shape(
外形
)
， 故为正确答案。

精神

、

均衡

、
< br>品味

都相差比较远，可以排除。




12. [A] start [
B] quality
[C] retire [D] stay

12
、【答案】
B qualify



【解析】本题顺应前文意义：有一些人体型很好，有些人体型体型肥
胖。接下来举例 说有些专业足球运动员

是肥胖的，

开始

不符
;< br>处在

也
不符合句意
;
退休

内容无关
;
被认为

符合句意，正确。




13. [A] strange [B] changeable
[C] normal
[D] constant

、【答案】
C normal



【解析】本句不难理解：有些人脂肪过高，但是
BMI
却

。所需词 汇
明显是正向的，排除
A
、
B;D
属中性，且不符合句意，
C(
正常的
)
契合，为
正确答案。




14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [
D] tendency

、【答案】
D tendency



【解析】
本题解题关键是后半句：
to
stigmatize
obesity(
抵毁肥胖
)
，
作 为划线部分的后置定语，将四个选项

选择

理由

机会

倾向

代入划
线处，最符合句意的是
D(
倾向
)。后面一句也进

一步证实了
(
出现在媒体
中的肥胖者脸都是打 了马赛马的
)
。




15. [A] employed
[B] pictured
[C] imitated [D] monitored

、【答案】
b pictured



【解析】空格所在句提到了媒体，根据语境，上句讲到当今我们都污
蔑肥胖，所以本 句的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖，四个选项中，跟媒体相关
系的词汇只有
b picture
意思为刻画，描写，描述。


16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled
[D] associated

、【答案】
D associated



【解析】空格所在句的意思是与肥胖
_ ____
的原型包括懒惰，缺乏意
志力，对成功的期望值不高。空格后面提到的懒惰，缺乏意志 力和对成功
的期望

值不高都是与肥胖相关的表现，
分析四个选项，
A.
与。
。
。
相比
;B
与。。。相结合
;C. 和。。。和解
;
都不符合题意，只有
D
与。。。相联
系，相关符 合句意。





17.
[A] Even
[B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only

、【答案】
A even



【解析】空格所在句的意思 是
_____
小孩子蔑视超重，而且对身材的
嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题。本空格缺少 一个副词，根据语境记忆常识，
此处应该填入表示让步关系的词汇，分析四个选项，只有
A even
即使符
合题意。




18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored
[D] grounded

、【答案】
D grounded



【解析】根据语境，空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度，空后讲到对健康的
关注，



激发一批反肥胖的
____
。本句没有出现任何转折词，说明空前后所表< br>达的意思是一致的，反对肥胖，是基于对健康的关注，分析四个选项，能
够表达此意思的词汇，只 有选项
D grounded,
意思是基于。




19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies
[D] studies

、【答案】
D policies



【解析】解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。 空后的句子出现
了一系列表示同一个语义场的词汇，比如
hospital system ; ban; many
employers institute,
指向的意思是一个系 统中所出台的政策的问题，
浏览四个选项，
D
选项
policies
符合题意，直接入选。


20. [A] for
[B] against
[C] with [D] without

、【答案】
B against



【解析】本段的主题 是反对肥胖，本句话属于细节的句子，用来支持
这个主题，空格所在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经发起了一个 高知名度的
_____
儿童

肥胖，
甚至告诉奥兹博士，
它 代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁。
空格中缺少词汇应该含有反对，
反抗的意思，
纵观四 个选项，
只有
B
against
符合题意。



Section II Reading Comprehension



Part A



Directions:



Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below e
ach text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER
SHEET. (40 points)



Text 1



What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Glo
ria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from h
er small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest un
divided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found
for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could
do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael No
rton.



These two academics use an array of behavioral research to
show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counter
intuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of f
ancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these ma
terial purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once excitin
g and new becomes old- hat; regret creeps in. It is far better t
o spend money on experiences, say MsDumn and Mr Norton, like in
teresting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. Thes
e purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or
memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to
others.



This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as
well as lottery winners get the most
buck.
horten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and
family and less of it watching television (something the avera
ge American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is h
ardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is ofte
n more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxu
ries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This
is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability
of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the p
ork sandwich into an object of obsession.



Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lo
t, anxi
ous about fulfillment, not may not quite buy happiness, but pe
ople in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in
poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending mone
y on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the w
orld, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for mos
t people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy idea
s, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax
incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come
away from this book believing it was money well spent.



21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is
the most rewarding purchase?



[A]A big house



[B]A special tour



[C]A stylish car

[D]A rich meal

、【答案】
B A special tour



【解析】细节题。答案定位在第二段的

money on experiences…like interesting trips…

花钱消费
在经历方面更好……，比如说有趣的旅行……
B
选项

一场特别的旅行

。




22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is



[A]critical



[B]supportive



[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

、【答案】
A critical



【解析】观点态度题。答案定位在第三段的

American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly
jollier for it
，意思是

普通美国人一年花两个月的时间看电 视，并且
看电视几乎不可能更愉快

，因此可以得知作者对于看电视的态度是
A
选
项

批判的

。




23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that



[A]consumers are sometimes irrational



[B]popularity usually comes after quality



[C]marketing tricks are after effective

[D]rarity generally increases pleasure

、【答案】
D rarity generally increases pleasure



【解析】观点例证题。答案定位在第三段，文章中提到
Mc Rib
这个
例子，用这个例子证明的论点是

are
most
enjoyable
when
they
are consumed s paringly
，大意是

有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦

，
D
选项正是这句论点句的同义替换。




24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money



[A]has left much room for readers’criticism



[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase



[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us

[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement

【答案】
B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase



【解析】细节题。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句

people
will
come away from this book believing it was money well spent
，大
意是

大多数人看完这本书后，认为物 有所值

，因此可以推知
B
选项是正
确答案。




25. This text mainly discusses how to



[A]balance feeling good and spending money



[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries



[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

【答案】
A balance feeling good and spending money



【解析】主旨题。纵观全文可知，全文主要谈论花钱消费和心情愉悦
之间的关系，因此答案定位在
A
选项。




Text 2



An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empir
ical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beauti
ful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about
ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing s
trategies to research into what the call the “above average eff
ect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example,
70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% i
n driving and 85% at getting on well with others
—
all obviously
statistical impossibilities.



We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affir
ming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply
negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we sta
lk around thinking we’re hot stuff.



Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversa
w a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rath
er that have people simply rate their beauty compress with othe
rs, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themsel
ves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to
appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the
study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapi
dly
and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberat
ion”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image
-
which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they
looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in respon
ses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance th
e must (that is, the participants who thought the most positive
ly doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for pro
found insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images h
igher up the attractiveness scale were real directly correspond
ed with those who showed other makers for having higher self-es
teem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any
evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflectio
n simply of
people generally thinking well of themselves’. If y
ou are depressed, you won’t be self
-enhancing. Knowing the resu
lts of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photo
graphs of themselves Viscerally-
on one level, they don’t even r
ecognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook ther
efore ,is a self-
enhancer’s paradise,where people can share onl
y the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,be
auty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles