2021年1月23日发(作者：法语词典)
考频极高的语法
/
词汇考点：

1

冠词（
a/an/the
）

2

逻辑关系词

3

指示代词或物主代词（
these/ those/ this/ that/ their/ its
）

4

介词搭配

5

分词（包括伴随状语以及独立主格结构）

6

形容词的比较级

7

副词

8

动词的第三人称

9

动词时态

10
定语从句














冠词

a/an
的进阶用法

1
．如果复数名词或者专有名词作为整体受 到形容词的修饰，那么前面需要有冠词的修饰，需要注意
的是，这种形容词一般表示暂时的情况，而非名 词本身所固有的属性；

例：

Weak America is not in the best interests of the whole world. (
误
)
A weak America is not in the best interests of the whole world. (
正
)
a Great Britain (
误
)



Great Britain (
正
)
a split Supreme Court (
正
)

split Supreme Court (
误
)


2
．
a ... of a ...
结构，构成前者对后者的比喻；

例：
it was opened by a small barrel
（
桶）

of a woman.
像桶一样的女人。
《
法国中尉的女人》
(
John Robert
Fowles)
例：
a man of importance





A angel of a girl
天使般的女孩

a mountain of a wave
排山倒海的巨浪


a nightmare of a city
噩梦般的城市

note
：如果是特指，只能把第一个不定冠词变成定冠词，即，
the ... of a ...
the angel of a girl
那个天使般的女孩


冠词

the
的进阶用法




1
，如果动作施加在整体的某一个局部之上，那么英文中会把整体当成宾语，局部处 理成状语，而局
部虽然仍然与整体属于从属关系，此刻却使用定冠词而非物主代词；

例：

He hit my head. (
误
)

He hit me on my head. (
误
)
He hit me on the head. (
正
)
例：

She gently patted me on the back. (
正
)
He kissed her on the forehead. (
正
)

2
，
the +adj.
构成一个集体名词，需要注意的是，这样一来就等 同于复数形式，后面最好接第三人称
单数；

例：

the impoverished
穷人


the disabled
残疾人

1
The palace is now open to public. (
误
)
The palace is now open to the public. (
正
)

冠词

真题练习
(1)
The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme

passes from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further










the-a
（第一次出现且泛指）

difference between school lore and nursery lore.
注：
illustrate
此处的意思是“表明
...
真实”“显示
...
存在”，等同于
demonstrate
。

冠词

真题练习
(2)
We may say that the cries of

pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions,

instinctive to large extent, whereas language proper does














large
前面加
a














not consist of signs ......


注意：
extent
是不可数名词





讲解：

extent
虽然是不可数名词，
可 是前面加了表示暂时性性质的形容词
large
，
那么根据之前的进阶用法第
一点，就必须加上不定冠词。

试比较：

1, To a certain extent, we are all responsible for this tragic situation.
（
certain
是暂时特征词）

2, To some extent what she argues is true.
（数量不是暂时特征，修饰名词不需加冠词）

3, To what extent is this true of all schools?


冠词

真题练习
(3)



They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men
and women and brought the birth rate to a twentieth century height after more than a hundred
years of a steady decline, producing the
去掉冠词
a
（词性，多重修饰ｓ－ｖｓ－ａ）婴儿潮

of early marriage and relatively large families that went for more than two decades



逻辑关系词



1
，逻辑关系词的词性

2
，逻辑关系词的分类

3
，逻辑关系词的用法


逻辑关系词的词性


例：

she is tardy for school today, however the teacher is not angry. (
误
)
ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ是副词

she is tardy for school today, but the teacher is not angry. (
正
)

对比：


however,
but,
nonetheless,
nevertheless,
whilst,
whereas,
yet,
conversely,
contrarily,
contrary
to,
on
the
contrary, in contrast;

the former
…
, the latter
…
;

on
（
the
）
one hand
…
, on the other hand
…
;

instead, instead of/ rather than, excluding, except, except for, other than, apart from

让步：


2
although,
though,
even
if,
even
though,
despite,
in
spite
of,
regardless
of,
irrespective
of,
albeit,
notwithstanding, anyway
并列：


and, also, or, as well as, too, equally, similarly/likewise, besides, neither
…
nor
…
, either
…
or
…

递进：


furthermore/moreover, in addition, in addition to,
what’s more,
indeed, even, not only
…
but (also)
…

原因：


s
ince, because, as, for, given, considering, in that, because of, on the ground of, in view of, in the light of, by
virtue of, on account of, due to, according to
结果：

therefore, so, hence, thus, in consequence, thereby
条件：

if, providing/provided, unless, otherwise, in case, on condition that, as long as, suppose, supposing

逻辑关系词的用法


nonetheless/ nevertheless


adv.

= despite this fact

例：

The book is too long, nonetheless, informative and entertaining. (
误
)
The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative and entertaining. (
正
)

whereas



conj. used to compare or contrast two facts
注
1
：
whereas
用于对比的时候，多出 现在句中，并且主语不能相同。









I am old but strong.

(
正
)








I am old whereas strong. (
误
)
注
2
：
whereas
用于正式文体中置于句首表示“鉴于”，相当于
because of the fact that...

注
3
：< br>whereas
作为比较的时候无法只引导一个单独的句子，必须出现两个句子。


while/whilst


conj.

注
1
：

while/
whilst
表示对比， 所以前后内容同样重要，而
but
表示转折，所以预期偏向
but
之后提及的内容；

注
2
：
whilst
在英式英语中尤为正 式，可以用于专八、雅思等学术类的写作中。


yet
通常是
adv.

注
1
：需要注意的是牛津高阶字典中也 给出了
yet
作为
conj.
表示“然而”的例句
: It is a small car, yet it
is surprisingly spacious. (
较为口语
)
注
2
：
as yet
习语，副词词性，表示“直到某个时候”









an as yet unannounced plan
一项直到现在还未公布的计划









As yet little was known of the causes of the epidemic.


excluding prep.
不包括


注：
excluding
并非是< br>exclude
的现在分词形式，如果用形容词的话，则是
exclusive
，表示专有的，排
他的。




albeit


conj. =although

注：用于正式文体中


3
notwithstanding



prep./ adv.
虽然，尽管

例：

Notwithstanding there're some problems, China has done great this year.






(
误
)


Notwithstanding some problems, China has done great this year.













(
正
)

and




conj.
注
1
：专八改错中出现
and
，除了可能考察
and
前后句子的逻辑关系是否为并列，更重要的是考察考< br>生是否察觉出
and
前后句子的时态人称和数是否一致；

注
2
：“否定
X and Y
”表示不能同时进行
X
和
Y
这两个行为，而“否定
X or Y
”是对
X
和
Y
都完
全否定，试比较：
You cannot drink and drive.
你不能一边喝酒一边开车。
You cannot drink or drive.
你
既不能开车也不能喝酒。



considering


prep./ conj.
考虑到，鉴于

例：

Considering he is only 16, he knows quite a lot about it.
注：
此处
considering
是连词，
并非是
consid er
的现在分词形式，
许多同学误认为是现在分词引导的伴
随状语。


hence



adv.
因此

= for this reason
therefore= thereby adv.
因此


注
1
：这三个词没有严格的区别，考生不必钻牛角 尖，但需要记住它们都是副词；

注
2
：
hence
置于时 间之后，表示从现在开始多久时间之后。









例：
They will be forgotten two months hence.













两个月后他们就会被遗忘。


thus


adv. 1,= in this way
如此，以此方式











2,= hence, therefore

例：
The new machines will work faster, thus reducing our costs.
注：
thus far
等同于
so far
表示到目前为止。迄今为止


providing/ provided



conj. = if = supposing

注
1
：
provided
和
providing
是同义词 ，且都是连词，考生勿要将其当作
provide
的过去分词和现在分
词
< br>注
2
：
supposing
和
supposed
却有 很大区别，
supposing
是连词表示假设，而
supposed
却是< br>suppose
的
过去分词，表示“所谓的”


逻辑关系词

真题练习
(1)

There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One is the power
to publicize investigations and its results. Most committee hearings are open to




its
改为
their
public and are reported widely in the mass media.
逻辑关系词

真题练习
(2)

Less noted but equally more significant, the men and women who formed families
between 1940 and 1960 nevertheless reduced the divorce rate after a postwar peak; their
nevertheless
改为

also
marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of couples who married in earlier
as well as later decades.


4