2021年1月23日发(作者：无线电报)
句子结构常见错误

句子结构常见错误

Sentence Structure Problems
英语句子就是受严格的语法规则制约的
,
在写作中如果违背这些规则
,
那么写出的句子就会使人无法理解
,
或引起歧义。要想避免发生这

些情况
,
在写作时就必须处理好句子结构方面的几个问题。我们对

常犯的写作错误进行了归纳。残缺句、接排句、误置修饰语与悬垂

修饰语就是句子结构中最常见的错误。我将对这些问题逐一进行分析
,
以帮助大家弄清写作中出现这些问题的原因
,
并掌握纠正错误的方法

残缺句
(Sentence Fragments)
所谓残缺句
,
顾名思义
,
就就是指不能独立成句的一个不完整的

句子片断。尽管残缺句在形式上像句子一样就是以大写字母开头
,
并在结尾处带有标点
,
然而在逻辑上并不能单独表达一个完整

的意思
,
仅就是一组词而已。请瞧下列句子
:
Fragment









Wondering what his son was going to do.
Revised Sentence



had been wondering what his son was



















going to do.
Fragment










Some errors in writing are example,



















fragments and run
—
on sentences.
Revised Sentences



Some errors in writing are serious,for example,



















fragments and run
—
on sentences.
OR















Some errors in writing are serious,among

which are

fragments and run-on sentences
虽然句子的残缺以各种形式出现
,
但最常见的形式就是被分隔开的从句

与以各种形式拆开的短语
,
如句号错误
(period fault)
。

Fragments


Having driven across the enjoyed the cool weather.


He enjoys flowers and help screen his yard from




the street.
Revised Sentences


Having driven across the desert, we enjoyed the cool weather.


He enjoys flowers and shrubs,which help screen his yard


from the street.
0R


He enjoys flowers and help screen his yard from


the street.
在写作中要经常检查句子的残缺问题
,
特别要注意那些以从属

连词 或短语等开头的句子
,
这些词都就是
“
危险词
”
。要确定以 这

些词开始的每个从句
,
都应附属于一个独立的句子。

避免残缺句的最好办法就是注意区别句子与句子的一部分。我们

知道句子的最基本特点就是在语法与逻辑上就是一个完整的意义表

达单位。它至少具有一个主语与谓语。动词的非限定形式不能

在句中作为谓语单独使用
,
除非就是在如
Where to go tonight?
简

短的问句中。因此在写句子时要特别注意。

改写残缺句主要有以下两种方法
:
句子结构常见错误

1
将句中用的句号变成逗号
,
或把分隔开的短语或从句同它所属





的句子合并成一个能表达完整意思的句子。例如
:
Fragments
Since there is a lack of is a great lack of information.
You should make a determined effort to avoid sentence fragments.
Because they are considered serious mistakes in writing.
I look forward to example, Thanksgiving and
Christmas.
Revised Sentences
Since there is a lack of interest,there is a great lack of information
、

You should make a determined effort to avoid sentence fragments

because they are considered serious mistakes in writing.
I look forward to holidays,for example,Thanksgiving and


Christmas.
2)
把残缺句扩展到主句中
,
或通过添加或减少某些成分。把残缺





改写为独立、完整的句子。例如
:
Fragments
I am interested only in the properties of citrus as
lemons,oranges,and grapefruit.
Having no money and being lonely in the big city
、

It was difficult to decide
、

which choice to return to school or to accept the job.
Revised Sentences

I am interested only in the properties of citrus fruit
、

Examples are

lemons,oranges,and grapefruit.
Having no money and being lonely in the big city,the women
committed suicide.
It was difficult to decide whether to return to school or to accept
the job.
Directions:Try to revise the following fragments in one or more than
one way.





e some students have part-time jobs in addition to going





to school


table was covered with fresh as lettuce,









carrots,spinach,and squash.





tries to call home once a be in touch with his family


4
、


He made a point of entering each misspelled word in a notebook
、

Which






he kept for that purpose
、



5
、


It was a wonderful week
、

Fishing and swimming every day and dancing







every night
、

Revised sentences
e some students have part-time jobs in addition to full-time
class work,they have very little free time.
table was covered with fresh vegetables such as lettuce,carrots,
spinach and squash.
句子结构常见错误

tries to call home once a week to keep in touch with his family.
made a point of entering each misspelled word in a notebook,
which he kept for that purpose.
was a wonderful went fishing and swimming every
day and dancing every night.
OR:It was a wonderful fished and swam every day and
danced every night.
2.
接排句
(Run-on Sentence)
所谓接排句就就是两个或更多的句子混合交织在一起
,
而没有正确

的标点符号标明它们之间关系的句子。这样的句子
,
意思含混不

清
,
使读者不能理解各部分之间的关系。接排句有两种形式
:
一就是

融合句
(fused sentence),
即在句子之间没有标点符号与句间连接词
;
另一种更为常见的形式就是逗号连接
(comma splice),
即没有并列连

词
,
只用逗号代替分号与句号,
把两个完整的意思连接起来、请瞧

例句
:
Fused Sentences
1
、

The girls scored higher in math the boys scored higher in verbal skills.
2
、

Gestures are a means of communication for everyone they are




essential for the hearing-impaired.
Comma Splices
1
、

Education is an elusive word, it often means different things




to different people.
2
、

Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National

Park,the park consists of two million acres of

backcountry.
改正接排句的基本方法可根据句子之间的不同关系分为以下
5
种

1
、用句号分隔。当长句或两个句子之间的关系不就是很密切或毫无



关系时
,
可使用这种方法。例如
:
Revised Sentences


The girls scored higher in boys scored higher in verbal skills.
Gestures are a means of communication for


are essential for the hearing-impaired.
Education is an elusive often means different things to


different people.
Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National
park consists of two million acres of backcountry
2
用分号隔开。用分号连接两个独立的分句时
,
它们之间的关系





在意义与语法结构上比起使用句号时
,
关系较紧密。

Revised Sentences
The girls scored higher in math;the boys scored higher in
verbal skills.
Gestures are a means of communication for everyone;they
are essential for the hearing
—
impaired.
Education is an elusive word;it often means different things
to different people.
句子结构常见错误

Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National

Park;the park consists of two million acres of backcountry.
3
使用并列连词连接。当接排的句子之间关系紧密
,
容易辨别且



合乎逻辑时
,
可以借助并列连词来连接
,
通常 在这些连词前要



加上逗号。

Revised Sentences
The girls scored higher in math,and
／
but the boys scored
higher in verbal skills.
Gestures are a means of communication for everyone,

but
they are essential for the hearing
—
impaired.
Education is an elusive word,for it often means different
things to different people.
Yellowstone National Park consists of two million acres of
backcountry,and hikers would especially enjoy a vacation
there.
4
使用连接副词连接。根据作者的意图与句子的需要。接排的句


子可以使用连接副词来连接。这时
,
句子之间要用分号。在连

接副词的后面还要加逗号
,
但就是一般在单音节的连词后不加逗


号。如
so,yet
。
thus
等、

Revised Sentences
The girls scored higher in math;however,the boys scored higher
in verbal skills.
Gestures are a means of communication for everyone; neverthe1ess,
they are essential for the hearing-impaired.
Education is an elusive word; indeed, it often means different
things to different people.
Yellowstone National Park consists of two million acres of backcountry;

therefore, hikers would especially enjoy a vacation there.
5
、使用从属连词、关系副词或关系代词连接、

当可以判断出一个

句子从逻辑上或意义上从属于另一个句子时
,
可以将此接排句


改写成复合句。

Revised Sentences
The girls scored higher in math,while the boys scored higher
in verbal skills.
Although gestures are a means of communication for everyone,
they are essential for the hearing-impaired.
The power failure caused a blackout which created a lot of
problems.
Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National
Park,which consists of two million acres of backcountry
Directions: Revise the following run-on sentences
1
．

Women no longer need to move into the traditionally male

professions they have already opened most of the doors to

desirable career paths.
句子结构常见错误

2.I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town,all the


tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival.
was late to work he ran all the way.
Revised sentences
no longer need to move into the traditionally male
professions,for they have already opened most of the doors
to desirable career paths.
OR:Women no longer need to move into the traditionally male
professions;they have already opened most of the doors to
desirable career paths.
OR:Women no longer need to move into the traditionally male
have already opened most of the doors to
desirable career paths.
OR:Because women have already opened most of the doors to
desirable career paths,they no longer need to move into the
traditionally male professions.
2.I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town.
All the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival.
OR:I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town,but
all the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival.
OR:I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town;
however,all the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat
Festival.
OR:I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town;all
the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival.
OR:Although I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in
town,all the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival.
was late to work,so he ran all the way.
or:Eric ran all the way;otherwise,he could have been late to
work.
or:Because Eric was late to work,he ran all the way.
or:Eric ran all the way because he was late to work.
or:Eric was late to work although he ran all the way.
Directions: Identify and correct serious errors(such as fragments·

fused sentences and comma splices)in each of the following.
t telling anyone,even her sister,Mary,going to the



park,meeting her friends.
physics problems were just impossible,they took all day to do·

the course was so hard we all studied day and night, with no



one getting an A or a B.
4.I knocked on
／
at the door when the lady came I gave her most in-



gratiating smile.
do you ask what concern is it of yours?
g married is easy,staying married is a different matter
、